Chromosome-level genome assembly of Cyperus iria, an aggressive weed of rice.

Cyperus iria is an aggressive weed of rice throughout the world. Until now, the reference genome of C. iria has not been published.

Soil microbiome bacteria protect plants against filamentous fungal infections via intercellular contacts.

Bacterial-fungal interaction (BFI) has significant implications for the health of host plants. While the diffusible antibiotic metabolite-mediated competition in BFI has been extensively characterized, the impact of intercellular contact remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the intercellular contact is a prevalent mode of interaction between beneficial soil bacteria and pathogenic filamentous fungi.

Alanine to glycine substitution in the PyR2 confers sodium channel resistance to Type I pyrethroids.

Background: Aedes aegypti is a primary urban vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya worldwide. Pyrethroid insecticides are the most effective insecticides for controlling Ae. aegypti.

Chlorpyrifos Influences Tadpole Development by Disrupting Thyroid Hormone Signaling Pathways.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide with serious toxicological effects on aquatic animals. Although extensively studied for neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption, its stage-specific effects on amphibian metamorphosis and receptor-level interactions remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of CPF on metamorphosis at environmentally relevant concentrations (1.

Migration of fungicides, antibiotics and resistome in the soil-lettuce system.

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a serious issue in global agricultural production. However, understanding how these ARGs spread across different spatial scales, especially when exposed to both pesticides and antibiotics, has remained a challenge. Here, metagenomic assembly and binning methodologies were used to determine the spread pathway of ARGs in the soil-lettuce system under individual and combined exposure of fungicides (carbendazim and pyraclostrobin) and antibiotics (chlortetracycline and ciprofloxacin).

Discovery of multiple bee-hazardous pesticides in ornamental plants via the Bee-Plex multi-target microsphere screening method.

Exposure to pesticides is one of the main drivers of global bee decline. However, the occurrence of pesticides in bee-attracting crops remains underexposed due to the lack of efficient on-site screening approaches for multi-analyte monitoring. Utilizing color-encoded superparamagnetic microspheres, we constructed a portable 8-plex indirect competitive microsphere-based immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of multiple bee-hazardous residues (Bee-Plex).

Chlorothalonil drives the antibiotic resistome in earthworm guts.

Earthworms are recognized as carriers of pollutants; however, how fungicide residues affect microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in earthworm guts has remained unclear. In this work, changes in the earthworm gut microbiome and resistome were investigated after chlorothalonil (CTL) application. Earthworm activity accelerated the dissipation of CTL in soil, while metagenomic analysis revealed that CTL altered the ARG profile, leading to an increased abundance of ARGs in earthworm guts, particularly with respect to ARG subtypes CRP and OXA-427.

Comparative cytotoxicity and mitochondrial disruption in H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by common pesticides.

Chronic exposure to pesticides is believed to be associated with various human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms by which pesticides lead to cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. In our study, we selected the following commonly used pesticides as typical examples: the herbicides glyphosate (GLY) and glufosinate ammonium (GLA); the insecticides imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (THM); and the fungicides pyraclostrobin (PYR) and azoxystrobin (AZO).

Deterrent Effects of Clary Sage Oil and Two Major Constituents against (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

(Diptera: Drosophilidae), spotted-wing drosophila, poses a significant threat to soft-skinned fruit crops in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Oceania, as well as in Asia. The application of chemical insecticides is the primary control strategy for ; however, resistance has developed with the indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides. Essential oils, considered potential alternatives to pesticidal strategies, exhibit potent toxic and sublethal behavioral effects against numerous pests, including .

Identification, characterization, and distribution of novel amidase gene in sphingomonads conferring resistance to amphenicol antibiotics.

Amphenicol antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol (CHL), thiamphenicol (TAP), and florfenicol (Ff), are high-risk emerging pollutants. Their extensive usage in aquaculture, livestock, and poultry farming has led to an increase in bacterial antibiotic resistance and facilitated the spread of resistance genes. Yet, limited research has been conducted on the co-resistance of CHL, TAP, and Ff.

Physiologically based toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic (PBTK-TD) modelling of cis-bifenthrin in Carassius auratus and Xenopus laevis accounting for reproductive toxicity.

Pyrethroid insecticides are a class of endocrine disruptors and are believed to exhibit reproductive toxicity to aquatic organisms. Pyrethroids are widely detected in aquatic environments and can accumulate in aquatic organisms, but studies on their accumulation and the associated reproductive toxicity in aquatic organisms are still limited. We utilized Carassius auratus and Xenopus laevis as models for fish and amphibians, respectively, and developed and validated a physiologically based toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic (PBTK-TD) model for adult fish and frogs exposed to typical pyrethroid pesticides cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF).

Physiological Status of Rice Leaf-Roller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Adults Trapped by Sex Pheromone and Floral Odor.

The rice leaf-roller is an important migratory pest of rice. We conducted a study to determine the physiological status of adults trapped by a sex pheromone and floral odor. In the immigrant group, the number of males trapped by the floral odor was greater than the number caught by sex pheromone trapping.

Biochar and theaflavins mitigate the antibiotic resistome and antibiotic-resistant pathogens in a soil-lettuce continuum.

Antibiotic resistance can be transferred into the food chain, leading to increased risks to human health from ready-to-eat vegetables. Mitigating the transmission of antibiotic resistance from soil to vegetables by green materials is of great significance. Here, we deciphered the roles of biochar and theaflavins in mitigating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant pathogens (ARPs) in a soil-lettuce continuum.

Long-lasting, UV shielding, and cellulose-based avermectin nano/micro spheres with dual smart stimuli-microenvironment responsiveness for Plutella xylostella control.

The requirement to improve the efficiency of pesticide utilization has led to the development of sustainable and smart stimuli-responsive pesticide delivery systems. Herein, a novel avermectin nano/micro spheres (AVM@HPMC-Oxalate) with sensitive stimuli-response function target to the Lepidoptera pests midgut microenvironment (pH 8.0-9.

Aspergillus cvjetkovicii protects against phytopathogens through interspecies chemical signalling in the phyllosphere.

Resident microbiota produces small molecules that influence the chemical microenvironments on leaves, but its signalling roles in pathogen defence are not yet well understood. Here we show that Aspergillus cvjetkovicii, enriched in rice leaf microbiota, subverts Rhizoctonia solani infections via small-molecule-mediated interspecies signalling. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), identified as a key signalling molecule within the Aspergillus-enriched microbiota, effectively neutralizes reactive oxygen species-dependent pathogenicity by switching off bZIP-activated AMT1 transcription in R.

Unraveling the metabolic profile regulation of camellia oilseeds under insect and heat stress: Insights into functional effects and mechanistic basis.

There is very little information on the impacts of pre/post-harvest stresses on oilseeds. Individual and combined insect (pre-harvest) and heat stress (post-harvest) impacts on the metabolic profile of camellia oilseeds (COs) were investigated using a combination of widely-targeted metabolomics and network pharmacology. A total of 1875 metabolites were identified.

Glycine to valine substitution in the short intracellular linkers of domain II enhances I1011M-mediated sodium channel resistance to Type I pyrethroids, but not Type II pyrethroids.

Pyrethroids are widely used against agricultural pests and human disease vectors due to their broad insecticidal spectrum, fast action, and low mammalian toxicity. Unfortunately, overuse of pyrethroids has led to knockdown resistance (kdr) caused by mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels. Mutation I1011M was repeatedly detected in numerous pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti populations from Latin American and Brazil.

External browning mechanism in walnut kernel pellicles under different drying conditions based on the combination of widely-targeted and anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics.

There has been limited research on external browning (EB) of walnut. This work discovered 1888 metabolites and 34 anthocyanins in walnut pellicles (WPs) after three drying methods using widely-targeted and anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics. Based on OPLS-DA and correlation analysis, 64 temperature-responsive metabolites (TRMs; 13 anthocyanins and 51 flavonoids) were identified as critical components in relation to EB.

miR-29b-triggered epigenetic regulation of cardiotoxicity following exposure to deltamethrin in zebrafish.

Deltamethrin is a classical pyrethroid insecticide that is frequently detected in aquatic environments and organisms. Furthermore, deltamethrin has been detected in samples related to human health and is a potential risk to public health. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by deltamethrin.

Insights into the role of FoxL2 in tebuconazole-induced male- biased sex differentiation of zebrafish.

Tebuconazole (TEB) is a commonly used fungicide that inhibits the aromatase Cyp19A and downregulates the transcription factor forkhead box L2 (FoxL2), leading to male-biased sex differentiation in zebrafish larvae. However, the specific mechanism by which FoxL2 functions following TEB exposure remains unclear. In this study, the phosphorylation sites and kinase-specific residues in zebrafish FoxL2 protein (zFoxL2) were predicted.

Type IV secretion system effector sabotages multiple defense systems in a competing bacterium.

Effector proteins secreted by bacteria that infect mammalian and plant cells often subdue eukaryotic host cell defenses by simultaneously affecting multiple targets. However, instances when a bacterial effector injected in the competing bacteria sabotage more than a single target have not been reported. Here, we demonstrate that the effector protein, LtaE, translocated by the type IV secretion system from the soil bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes into the competing bacterium, Pseudomonas protegens, affects several targets, thus disabling the antibacterial defenses of the competitor.

Plant pathogenesis: Toward multidimensional understanding of the microbiome.

Single pathogen-targeted disease management measure has shown drawbacks in field efficacy under the scenario of global change. An in-depth understanding of plant pathogenesis will provide a promising solution but faces the challenges of the emerging paradigm involving the plant microbiome. While the beneficial impact of the plant microbiome is well characterized, their potential role in facilitating pathological processes has so far remained largely overlooked.

Elevated temperature magnifies the acute and chronic toxicity of clothianidin to Eisenia fetida.

Pesticide residue and thermal stress resulting from global climate change are parallel stressors for soil fauna. However, it remains ambiguous how elevated temperatures and pesticides can interact to threaten soil fauna. In the study, the acute and chronic clothianidin (CTD) toxicity to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) at different temperatures, and the effect of increasing temperature on antioxidant defense mechanisms in response to CTD were investigated.