3,090 results match your criteria: "Institute of Pathology and.[Affiliation]"

Antibiotics have been a vital component in the fight against microbial diseases for over 75 years, saving countless lives. However, the global rise of multi-drug-resistance (MDR) bacterial infections is pushing us closer to a post-antibiotic era where common infections may once again become lethal. To combat MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, we investigated chiral phthalimides and used molecular docking to identify potential targets.

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ATEC23 Challenge: Automated prediction of treatment effectiveness in ovarian cancer using histopathological images.

Med Image Anal

January 2025

Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

Ovarian cancer, predominantly epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), is a global health concern due to its high mortality rate. Despite the progress made during the last two decades in the surgery and chemotherapy of ovarian cancer, more than 70% of advanced patients are with recurrent cancer and disease. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody, which blocks VEGF signaling in cancer, inhibits angiogenesis and causes tumor shrinkage, and has been recently approved by the FDA as a monotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer in combination with chemotherapy.

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Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of discogenic pain, and is attributed to the dysfunction of nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilaginous endplate (CEP). Osteopontin (OPN), a glycoprotein, is highly expressed in the CEP. However, little is known on how OPN regulates CEP homeostasis and degeneration, contributing to the pathogenesis of IDD.

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Spatial Transcriptomic Study Reveals Heterogeneous Metabolic Adaptation and a Role of Pericentral PPARα/CAR/Ces2a Axis During Fasting in Mouse Liver.

Adv Sci (Weinh)

November 2024

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.

Spatial heterogeneity and plasticity of the mammalian liver are critical for systemic metabolic homeostasis in response to fluctuating nutritional conditions. Here, a spatially resolved transcriptomic landscape of mouse livers across fed, fasted and refed states using spatial transcriptomics is generated. This approach elucidated dynamic temporal-spatial gene cascades and how liver zonation-both expression levels and patterns-adapts to shifts in nutritional status.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, marked by cognitive impairment. Currently, the available treatment provides only symptomatic relief and there is a great need to design and formulate new drugs to stabilize AD. In the search for a new anti-Alzheimer's drug, 3,5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinane-2-thione (THTT), a tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivative, was investigated against a scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's model.

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: Typhoid fever caused by serovar Typhi continues to pose a significant risk to public health in developing countries, including Pakistan. This study investigated the epidemiological factors linked to suspected and confirmed infections in Peshawar's hospital population. : A total of 5735 blood samples of patients with suspected enteric fever were collected from September 2022 to November 2023.

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GPR15-mediated T cell recruitment during acute viral myocarditis facilitated virus elimination and improved outcome.

Nat Cardiovasc Res

January 2024

Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • Viral myocarditis involves the immune response to virus invasion, but the role of the GPR15 receptor in heart disease remains unclear.
  • Researchers found that mice lacking GPR15 had trouble eliminating coxsackievirus B3, which resulted in harmful heart changes and dysfunction.
  • The study suggests that GPR15 is crucial for the timely recruitment of regulatory T cells, and its absence leads to a prolonged inflammatory response and worse cardiac outcomes.
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Aberrant p53 immunostaining patterns in breast carcinoma of no special type strongly correlate with presence and type of TP53 mutations.

Virchows Arch

October 2024

Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.

Recent studies have revealed an association between TP53 mutations and endocrine resistance in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (HR + HER2 -BC). Aberrant p53 immunostaining (IHC) patterns may provide a surrogate marker for TP53 mutations. Building upon a ternary algorithm of aberrant staining patterns, this study evaluates the reliability of p53 IHC as screening tool for TP53 mutations in BC (NST).

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Bioactive plant waste components targeting oral bacterial pathogens as a promising strategy for biofilm eradication.

Front Chem

August 2024

Natural Products Research Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The significance of this study lies in its exploration of bioactive plant extracts as a promising avenue for combating oral bacterial pathogens, offering a novel strategy for biofilm eradication that could potentially revolutionize oral health treatments. Oral bacterial infections are common in diabetic patients; however, due to the development of resistance, treatment options are limited. Considering the excellent antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds, we investigated them against isolated oral pathogens using and models.

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Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT), the therapeutic transfer of defined T cell immunity to patients, offers great potential in the fight against different human diseases including difficult-to-treat viral infections, but persistence and longevity of the cells are areas of concern. Very-early-differentiated stem cell memory T cells (T) have superior self-renewal, engraftment, persistence, and anticancer efficacy, but their potential for antiviral ACT remains unknown. Here, we developed a clinically scalable protocol for expanding Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific T-enriched T cells with high proportions of CD4 T cells and broad EBV antigen coverage.

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Pathological skin manifestations following smallpox vaccination (ACAM2000) in US military personnel, 2009-2023: a systematic review.

Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)

July 2024

Department of Histopathology, Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Article Synopsis
  • - The US military initiated a smallpox immunization program in 2002 using the ACAM2000 vaccine, which replaced the older Dryvax, but previous trials focused on severe side effects rather than the specific skin issues that emerged.
  • - A systematic review analyzed five studies involving 15 military personnel, revealing most developed skin lesions like papules, typically appearing about 15 days after vaccination, with an average healing time of over a month.
  • - Although rare, significant skin conditions can arise post-vaccination, and while cases of progressive vaccinia were noted, additional research is necessary to establish clear guidelines for this complication.
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The NLRP3 inflammasome is an essential component of the innate immune system, but excessive activation can lead to inflammatory diseases. Ion fluxes across the plasma membrane or from intracellular stores are known to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Deep-sea water (DSW) contains high concentrations of many mineral ions, which could potentially influence NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

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Objectives: CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can induce long-term drug-free remission in patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). The efficacy of CD19-CAR T-cell therapy is presumably based on deep tissue depletion of B cells; however, such effect has not been proven in humans in vivo.

Methods: Sequential ultrasound-guided inguinal lymph node biopsies were performed at baseline and after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy in patients with AIDs.

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Objective: Posterior fossa pediatric low-grade glioma involving the brainstem and cerebellar peduncles (BS-pLGG) are a subgroup with higher risks at surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the role of surgery in the interdisciplinary armamentarium of treatment options in our institutional series of BS-pLGG with various degrees of brainstem involvement.

Material And Methods: We analyzed data of 52 children with BS-pLGG after surgical intervention for clinical/molecular characteristics, neurological outcome, factors influencing recurrence/progression pattern, and tumor volumetric analysis of exclusively surgically treated patients to calculate tumor growth velocity (TGV).

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Article Synopsis
  • Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), like adalimumab, can increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation; however, instances of Mycobacterium bovis infections are rare.
  • A case involved a 78-year-old woman with M. bovis-related disseminated TB, which was initially misdiagnosed as sarcoidosis, and resulted in her death despite a negative TB test (IGRA) before treatment with TNFi.
  • The study emphasizes the need for careful consideration of TB risks in immunosuppressed patients, highlighting the importance of patient history regarding potential exposure to unpasteurized dairy products, even in regions officially free of bovine TB.
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  • Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxic chemical agent that causes severe skin lesions and impairs wound healing, with no current effective treatments available.
  • Research identified a pathomechanism involving the miRNA miR-497-5p and survivin, which leads to keratinocyte dysfunction after SM exposure.
  • Inhibiting miR-497-5p improved keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, and using lipid-nanoparticles to deliver the inhibitor promoted skin recovery in human biopsies, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for SM exposure.
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Early detection of PDAC remains challenging due to the lack of early symptoms and the absence of reliable biomarkers. The aim of the present project was to identify miRNA and proteomics signatures discriminating PDAC patients with DM from nondiabetic PDAC patients. Proteomics analysis and miRNA array were used for protein and miRNA screening.

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Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of GC; therefore, its eradication reduces the risk of developing this neoplasia. There is extensive evidence regarding quadruple therapy with relevance to the European population.

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Article Synopsis
  • This paper talks about problems in cancer treatment in Europe, especially how health guidelines and medical recommendations don’t match up.
  • It studied different European countries to see if they use advanced cancer tests that doctors recommend.
  • The results showed that many countries are not using these advanced tests, which could help patients more, and the paper suggests that health leaders need to pay more attention to these recommendations for better cancer care.
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Patients affected by glioma frequently experience epileptic discharges; however, the causes of brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) are still not completely understood. We investigated the mechanisms underlying BTRE by analyzing the effects of exosomes released by U87 glioma cells and by patient-derived glioma cells. Rat hippocampal neurons incubated for 24 hours with these exosomes exhibited increased spontaneous firing, while their resting membrane potential shifted positively by 10-15 mV.

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  • This study explores how non-ionic surfactants, specifically Cremophor EL and Cremophor RH40, can help inhibit efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, which often render antibiotics ineffective.
  • Researchers confirmed the presence of MDR strains and tested how these surfactants, combined with ciprofloxacin, affected minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).
  • Results showed that both surfactants significantly reduced MIC values of ciprofloxacin, indicating their potential to enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against resistant strains.
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Increased oxygen stimulation promotes chemoresistance and phenotype shifting through PLCB1 in gliomas.

Drug Resist Updat

September 2024

Glioma Medical Research Center and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address:

Gliomas, the most common CNS (central nerve system) tumors, face poor survival due to severe chemoresistance exacerbated by hypoxia. However, studies on whether altered hypoxic conditions benefit for chemo-sensitivity and how gliomas react to increased oxygen stimulation are limited. In this study, we demonstrated that increased oxygen stimulation promotes glioma growth and chemoresistance.

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Causal relationships between vitamin E and multiple kidney diseases: evidence from trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization study.

Eur J Nutr

October 2024

Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Disease, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.

Purpose: The association between vitamin E and the risk of kidney disease is well documented in observational studies, but the role of vitamin E in kidney disease remain inconclusive. Here, we evaluated the causal effect of vitamin E on the risk of multiple kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and dialysis.

Methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis from large-scale trans-ancestry genome-wide association studies to determine whether there was a significant causal relationship between vitamin E and multiple kidney diseases in European, American, and Asian ancestry.

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Targeting the glutamine-arginine-proline metabolism axis in cancer.

J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem

December 2024

Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.

Metabolic abnormalities are an important feature of tumours. The glutamine-arginine-proline axis is an important node of cancer metabolism and plays a major role in amino acid metabolism. This axis also acts as a scaffold for the synthesis of other nonessential amino acids and essential metabolites.

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