Ocular adnexal lymphoma - A single-center observational study of survival outcomes.

Purpose: This study aims to comprehensively characterize the clinical, demographic, and histopathological features of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and assess their impact on patients' survival outcomes.

Methods: A total of 123 patients were included in the study; of these, 93 patients were selected for survival analysis. Survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test, and correlation was assessed through the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis.

Outcomes of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy combined with mitomycin C in advanced open-angle glaucoma in Indian eyes.

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) in advanced open-angle glaucoma patients.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Methods: Forty-two eyes of 38 patients with advanced glaucoma who underwent NPDS surgery combined with mitomycin-C with or without phacoemulsification were evaluated for up to 12 months at a tertiary eye care center in South India.

Orbital Apex Venous Malformation: Case Report on an Unusual Clinical and Radiological Presentation.

The authors present a case of an orbital apex venous malformation that presented with an intermittent oculomotor nerve palsy over a 15-year period. Radiologically, the lesion presented as a well-circumscribed orbital mass with T2 hyperintensity and enhancement that could only be demonstrated on 2-hour delayed phase imaging. The venous malformation was initially steroid-responsive but eventually became refractory to medical treatment alone.

Inhibitory KIRs decrease HLA class II-mediated protection in Type 1 Diabetes.

Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) are a family of inhibitory receptors that are expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and late-stage differentiated T cells. There is accumulating evidence that iKIRs regulate T cell-mediated immunity. Recently, we reported that T cell-mediated control was enhanced by iKIRs in chronic viral infections.

Surgeon's perceptions and preferences in the management of idiopathic macular hole.

Purpose: The management of idiopathic macular holes (iMH) has evolved over time with various modifications in surgical approach. The study aimed to survey the surgeons' preferences in the management of iMH in current times.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive survey.

Ultrastructural imaging biomarkers in diabetic macular edema: A major review.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a vision-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy and causes significant morbidity in patients. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are the mainstay of treatment for DME, with steroid implants being used for the treatment of anti-VEGF resistant eyes. Over the years, several classification systems have been devised to describe the patterns of DME using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

2-year results from an observational study of proactive treatment regimens with intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg in patients with nAMD in clinical practice: XTEND study UK cohort.

Objectives: The 36-month XTEND (NCT03939767) multicentre, observational, prospective study examined the effectiveness of proactive treatment regimens of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) 2 mg in treatment-naïve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in routine clinical practice. The 12- and 24-month outcomes from the XTEND UK cohort are reported.

Methods: Patients aged ≥50 years with nAMD planned to receive IVT-AFL 2 mg were eligible.

Novel electroretinography devices to detect hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: study protocol for a diagnostic accuracy and feasibility study.

Introduction: Annual screening for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy is recommended, and electroretinography (ERG) is considered a gold-standard test, but there are screening shortfalls and standard ERG is burdensome and has limited availability. Newer, portable ERG devices using skin-based electrodes may increase screening capacity but need validation. This study aims to determine initial device accuracies and feasibility of further research.

Cluster randomised controlled trial of double-dose azithromycin mass drug administration, facial cleanliness and fly control measures for trachoma control in Oromia, Ethiopia: the stronger SAFE trial protocol.

Introduction: Trachoma is caused by the bacterium (). The WHO recommends the SAFE strategy for trachoma elimination: Surgery for trichiasis, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement. Multiple rounds of SAFE implementation have proven insufficient to eliminate trachoma in Ethiopia, where over 50% of the global trachoma burden remains.

Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: An Emerging Marker for Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background:  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global disease that is strongly associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications. A significant proportion of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication that can lead to blindness, particularly in working-age adults. Diabetes adversely affects the entire neurosensory retina, with accelerated neuronal apoptosis and activation or altered metabolism of neuroretinal supporting cells.

Pharmacological adjuvants for diabetic vitrectomy surgery.

Diabetic vitrectomy is a highly intricate surgical procedure performed during the advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is used to treat conditions such as tractional or combined retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and subhyaloid hemorrhage, which are all severe manifestations of proliferative DR. The results of the surgery are uncertain and variable.

Diabetic retinopathy: A review on its pathophysiology and novel treatment modalities.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease with the ability to cause serious microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body, including in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), present in one-third of patients with diabetes, is a vision-threatening complication caused by uncontrolled diabetes, which greatly affects the retinal blood vessels and the light-sensitive inner retina, eventually leading to blindness. Several epidemiological studies elucidate that DR can vary by age of onset, duration, types of diabetes, and ethnicity.

Bilateral anterior lens capsule rupture in Alport syndrome: case series and literature review.

We present 3 cases of bilateral anterior lens capsule rupture, all leading to a subsequent diagnosis of Alport syndrome. Clinicians should be alert to the ocular and systemic features of Alport syndrome, especially when presented with a spontaneous rupture of the anterior lens capsule in young males. Ophthalmologists are often the first contact for patients with Alport syndrome, and a sound knowledge of the associated features will enable timely referral to other members of a multidisciplinary team required to treat such patients.

Causal association between metabolites and age-related macular degeneration: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the elderly population. Accumulating evidence has revealed the possible association between metabolites and AMD. This study aimed to assess the effect of plasma metabolites on AMD and its two subtypes using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.

Corneal protein repair after amniotic membrane photo-tissue bonding versus amniotic membrane graft in the treatment of corneal ulcer (an experimental study).

Corneal alkali burns persist as a significant challenge in our field, often leading to a prolonged treatment course with various sight-threatening problems. This work, of utmost importance, aimed to apply the photo-tissue bonding technique (PTB) to weld the amniotic membrane (AM) to the corneal surface versus an amniotic membrane graft (AMG) and explore its safety in saving corneal protein against alkali burn.Methods Twenty-seven rabbits with an induced corneal ulcer using 1 mol/L NaOH solution.

Comparative Evaluation of the Corneal Sensitivity Thresholds between the Novel Non-Contact and Cochet-Bonnet Esthesiometers.

Purpose: Primarily, to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the new noncontact esthesiometer (NCE) in healthy subjects. Secondarily, the corneal sensitivity threshold measurements of the NCE were compared with those of the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (CBE).

Design: Assessment reliability study.

Assessing Contrast Sensitivity Function in CRB1-Retinopathies: Exploring Child-Friendly Measures of Visual Function.

Purpose: Mutations affecting the CRB1 gene can result in a range of retinal phenotypes, including early onset severe retinal dystrophy/Leber congenital amaurosis (EOSRD/LCA), retinitis pigmentosa, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD), and macular dystrophy (MD). As research into treatment strategies advances towards clinical translation, there is a need to establish reliable outcome metrics. This study explores the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) across different spatial frequencies in individuals with CRB1-retinopathies using the child-friendly PopCSF test, an iPad-based "gamified" assessment.

Analysis of gene variants in familial and non-familial primary open angle glaucoma Pakistani patients.

Aim: To find out the association of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC)-related modular calcium binding 2 () gene variants rs2255680 and rs13208776 with genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in both familial and non-familial primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Methods: A total of 212 POAG patients, comprising 124 familial and 88 non-familial, were enrolled. For genotyping the variant rs2255680, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were utilized for analyzing rs13208776 variant.

Nationwide survey on awareness of consanguinity and genetic diseases in Saudi Arabia: challenges and potential solutions to reduce the national healthcare burden.

Background: Consanguineous marriage is a major contributing factor for many genetic diseases and a burden to the healthcare system and national economy due to costly long-term care. Earlier studies highlighted the significantly limited awareness of the higher prevalence of genetic disease due to consanguinity even among the educated Arabs. In Saudi Arabia, more than 50% of marriages are between first cousins.

THERAPEUTIC REFRACTIVE VITRECTOMY (TRV) FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF VITREOUS FLOATERS AND OPACITIES (VFO) ASSESSED BY THE STANDARDIZED AND KINETIC ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL TESTING OF VITREOUS FLOATERS AND OPACITIES (SK VFO TEST).

Purpose: Propose new terminology and evaluate the effectiveness of Therapeutic Refractive Vitrectomy (TRV) for selective removal of vitreous floaters and opacities (VFO) utilizing Standardized Kinetic Anatomical Functional Testing of VFO (SK VFO Test) and new ultra widefield (UWF) OCT imaging techniques.

Methods: Retrospective analysis. Twenty eyes underwent TRV for symptomatic VFO.

Developing the biomarker panels and drugs by proteomic analysis for autoimmune uveitis and posterior scleritis.

Autoimmune uveitis and posterior scleritis are ocular diseases caused by immune dysregulation. Their pathogenesis remains elusive, and delayed diagnosis can exacerbate vision loss. Our study analyzed proteomic profiles of 190 patients with Behcet's disease uveitis, posterior scleritis, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteases by a chemical cross-linker to halt the corneal degradation in keratoconus.

The need for better and simpler alternative crosslinking strategies to treat keratoconus (KC) is becoming essential as there is only a single approved way to treat it. Recently, conventional UV-A Riboflavin crosslinking is proven to have some disadvantages such as causing damage to the corneal endothelium and inducing keratocyte apoptosis. A chemical cross-linker (CXL) using carbodiimide chemistry and an octanedioic acid spacer is found effective in stiffening the cornea and has the potential to be developed as an alternative therapy to halt KC progression.

Design-related bias in studies investigating diagnostic tests for venous thromboembolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Early detection and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism are vital for effective treatment. To what extent methodological shortcomings exist in studies of diagnostic tests and whether this affects published test performance is unknown.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the methodological quality of studies evaluating diagnostic tests for venous thromboembolic diseases and quantify the direction and impact of design characteristics on diagnostic performance.