Development and Evaluation of Polymethacrylate-Based Ophthalmic Nanofiber Inserts Containing Dual Drug-Loaded Dorzolamide and Timolol: In Vivo Study in Rabbit's Eye.

The aim of the study was to create a nanofiber insert incorporating Timolol (TIM) and Dorzolamide (DOR), targeting the management of glaucoma. This condition encompasses a variety of chronic, advancing ocular disorders typically associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The insert was made of Eudragite RL100 (EUD) polymer, a biocompatible material with high bioavailability, using the electrospinning method.

Neovascular Glaucoma as the First Symptom of Bilateral Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis in a 4-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report.

Neovascular glaucoma is a rare and serious condition typically associated with advanced ocular or systemic vascular diseases such as central retinal vein occlusion or diabetic retinopathy. This report describes a unique case of neovascular glaucoma presenting for the first time as an initial symptom of bilateral occlusive retinal vasculitis (ORV) in a generally healthy 4-year-old girl. The patient presented with symptoms of pain and redness in the left eye, accompanied by high intraocular pressure.

Fetal Hemoglobin as a Predictive Biomarker for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study in Portugal.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of vision impairment in preterm infants, with its pathogenesis linked to oxygen exposure. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, commonly performed in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), reduce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) fraction, altering oxygen dynamics and potentially contributing to ROP. We aimed to investigate the relationship between RBC transfusions, HbF percentage, and ROP, evaluating HbF as a potential predictive biomarker.

Oncolytic Viruses and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma and Retinoblastoma: The Current Landscape and Novel Advances.

Intraocular malignant tumors are rare; however, they can cause serious life-threatening complications. Uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB) are the most common intraocular tumors in adults and children, respectively, and come with a great disease burden. For many years, several different treatment modalities for UM and RB have been proposed, with chemotherapy for RB cases and plaque radiation therapy for localized UM as first-line treatment options.

Multicomponent Dietary Supplementation: Impact on Tear Secretion and Ocular Surface Inflammation in Dry Eye Syndrome Patients.

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a prevalent ocular condition characterized by tear film instability, inflammation, and discomfort, affecting millions worldwide. DES is related to oxidative stress imbalance and ocular surface inflammation, which are important factors in the development of the condition. Recent studies have demonstrated that fish oil, lutein, and zeaxanthin possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Interventions by Cardiovascular Drugs Against Aircraft Noise-Induced Cardiovascular Oxidative Stress and Damage.

Noise pollution is a known health risk factor and evidence for cardiovascular diseases associated with traffic noise is growing. At least 20% of the European Union's population lives in noise-polluted areas with exposure levels exceeding the recommended limits of the World Health Organization, which is considered unhealthy by the European Environment Agency. This results in the annual loss of 1.

Neuroprotective Effect of the Combination of Citicoline and CoQ10 in a Mouse Model of Ocular Hypertension.

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with intraocular pressure (IOP) being its primary risk factor. Despite controlling IOP, the neurodegenerative process often continues. Therefore, substances with neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties could protect against RGC death.

Research Tendency and Frontiers of Multifocal Lenses in Myopic Control in the Past Two Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis.

This study aimed to analyze the research progress on the use of a multifocal lens for myopic control throughout the 21st century, utilizing bibliometric analysis. Publications related to multifocal lenses from 2001 to 2024 were searched on the Web of Science core collection (WoSCC) database. VOSviewer (Version 1.

Increased aqueous humor levels of endothelin-1 in patients with open angle glaucoma.

Background: Endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor and contributes to the regulation of vascular perfusion. Aberrant endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in aqueous humor have been reported across a variety of vascular diseases of the eye, including glaucoma. These findings suggest that dysregulation of ET-1 production may contribute to glaucoma pathophysiology.

Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are associated with eye manifestations, especially in patients with systemic disease. However, there are no ophthalmic screening guidelines for infants with congenital CMV.

Methods: Retrospective review of pediatric patients (< 18 years old, 2010-2023) with a diagnosis of congenital CMV and at least 1 eye examination.

A systemic review of the utility of antituberculosis therapy for presumed tuberculous uveitis.

Background: Uveitis presumed to be secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rare but potentially blinding condition. Difficulty in making an accurate diagnosis and the low incidence of TB uveitis (TBU) contribute to the lack of evidence regarding the best management of this condition. This systematic review aims to analyse existing research to provide a summary of the literature regarding the utility of TB therapy for the management of TBU.

Mortality and ocular parameters and diseases.

Background: To assess associations between mortality and major ocular parameters and diseases.

Methods: The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS) and Ural Very Old Study (UVOS) included 5899 individuals (age: 40+ years) and 1526 individuals (age: 85+ years), respectively. Cause-specific mortality was determined using the government regional information and analytical system.

Non-invasive assessment of intracranial compliance in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an MRI-ICP study.

Background/objectives: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease which threatens vision and causes disabling headaches, affecting women of childbearing age with obesity. It is characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP), measured invasively either with lumbar punctures or intracranially-inserted monitors. There is an unmet clinical need to develop non-invasive means to assess ICP.

Biofeedback rehabilitation in patients with binocular inhibition due to macular disease.

Background: To investigate whether patients with binocular reading inhibition due to central vision loss benefit from a new biofeedback (BF) rehabilitation method that aimed at improving fixation stability and at establishing a correspondence between the monocular preferred retinal loci (PRLs) on functioning retina in both eyes.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with bilateral macular disease and with binocular reading inhibition participated in 10 training sessions consisting of 10-min visual stimulation for each eye to stabilize fixation and relocate the PRL (if needed) using the BF module of the MP-1 microperimeter (Nidek Technologies Srl., Vigonza, PD, Italy).

A multimodal transformer system for noninvasive diabetic nephropathy diagnosis via retinal imaging.

Differentiating between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) without a kidney biopsy remains a major challenge, often leading to missed opportunities for targeted treatments that could greatly improve NDRD outcomes. To reform the traditional biopsy-all diagnostic paradigm and avoid unnecessary biopsy, we developed a transformer-based deep learning (DL) system for detecting DN and NDRD upon non-invasive multi-modal data of fundus images and clinical characteristics. Our Trans-MUF achieved an AUC of 0.

Systematic dissection of pleiotropic loci and critical regulons in excitatory neurons and microglia relevant to neuropsychiatric and ocular diseases.

Advancements in single-cell multimodal techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of disease-relevant loci identified through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). To investigate the biological connections between the eye and brain, we integrated bulk and single-cell multiomic profiles with GWAS summary statistics for eight neuropsychiatric and five ocular diseases. Our analysis uncovered five latent factors explaining 61.

US children from non-English-speaking households are less likely to undergo vision testing.

Purpose: To investigate the association between primary household language and vision testing among children living in the United States from 2016 to 2020.

Methods: This analysis used data for children aged 3-17 years from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), combining survey responses from 2016 to 2020. Primary household language and whether vision testing occurred were determined by survey responses.

An update on ocular effects of anti-diabetic medications.

The global increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has led to the development and implementation of new classes of anti-diabetic medications, introducing advanced therapeutic options for the management of the disease. These new medications, though primarily designed to regulate blood glucose levels, also have applications in weight management, potentially transforming the current approaches to diabetes treatment. Newer medications, however, have ophthalmic side effects with controversies in trials and real-life data.

Characterization of the second type of tubuliform spidroin (TuSp1 variant 2) elucidates the essential role of cysteine within the repetitive domain in liquid-liquid phase separation-mediated silk formation and the mechanical properties of silk fibers.

Orb-weaver spiders utilize morphologically differentiated abdominal glands to produce up to seven types of silks throughout their life cycles. Tubuliform silk is unique as it serves to protect developing embryos and hatchlings. However, our current understanding of the relationship between structure and function of tubuliform silk protein remains limited.

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of rat iridocorneal angle at perinatal stages: Revisiting the development of periocular mesenchyme.

The periocular mesenchyme (POM) gives rise to key structures in the ocular anterior segment, and its malformation leads to anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) with iridocorneal angle (ICA) abnormalities. However, the transcriptional profile of the POM and the regulatory mechanisms governing cell-fate decision during anterior eye and ICA development remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive time-series analysis by sequencing rat anterior ocular samples collected at five consecutive perinatal stages: embryonic days 16.

Transcranial Doppler sonography follow-up study in mild vascular cognitive impairment.

Background: To date, few data to transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) are available in patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) at risk for vascular or mixed dementia. In a previous study in patients with mild VCI and cerebral small vessels disease, a hemodynamic pattern of cerebral hypoperfusion and enhanced vascular resistance were observed; however, longitudinal data are currently lacking. Here, we perform a clinical, psychopathological, and neurosonological follow-up of patients with VCI in order to monitor any progression and to identify TCD measures to detect it.

Protocol for real-time assessment of energy metabolism in dissociated mouse retinal photoreceptors using a SeahorseXFe24 analyzer.

Defects in retinal metabolism have been linked to the onset and progression of various retinal diseases. Herein, we provide a protocol for measuring bioenergetics in dissociated mouse retinal photoreceptors. We outline detailed instructions for obtaining morphologically intact and viable photoreceptor cells from adult mice and preparing the cells for metabolic analysis using a SeahorseXFe24 analyzer.

Artificial Intelligence for Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma.

Purpose: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), with optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers significant opportunities in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. This article explores the application of various DL models in enhancing OCT capabilities and addresses the challenges associated with their clinical implementation.

Methods: A review of articles utilizing DL models was conducted, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), autoencoders, and large language models (LLMs).

Establishment of an Ex Vivo Human Corneal Endothelium Wound Model.

Purpose: A human model able to simulate the manifestation of corneal endothelium decompensation could be advantageous for wound healing and future cell therapy assessment. The study aimed to establish an ex vivo human cornea endothelium wound model where endothelium function can be evaluated by measuring corneal thickness changes.

Methods: The human cornea was maintained in an artificial anterior chamber, with a continuous culture medium infusion system designed to sustain corneal endothelium and epithelium simultaneously.

Hypertrophic heart failure promotes gut dysbiosis and gut leakage in interleukin 10-deficient mice.

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death worldwide. We have shown that pressure overload (PO)-induced inflammatory cell recruitment leads to heart failure in IL-10 knockout (KO) mice. However, it's unclear if PO-induced inflammatory cells also target the gut mucosa, causing gut dysbiosis and leakage.