Clinical Profile, Systemic Association, Treatment and Visual Outcome of Patients with Scleritis in an Eye Care Center in Mexico City.

Aims: To describe demographic and clinical characteristics as well as etiologies and visual outcomes of patients with scleritis.

Methods: This is a descriptive, observational and retrospective study. We reviewed the electronic health records of patients with diagnosis of scleritis, who presented at the Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana from January 2009 to December 2019.

The Blue Light Hazard Versus Blue Light Hype.

Purpose: The blue light hazard is the experimental finding that blue light is highly toxic to the retina (photic retinopathy), in brief abnormally intense exposures, including sungazing or vitreoretinal endoillumination. This term has been misused commercially to suggest, falsely, that ambient environmental light exposure causes phototoxicity to the retina, leading to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We analyze clinical, epidemiologic, and biophysical data regarding blue-filtering optical chromophores.

SUBRETINAL DRUSENOID DEPOSITS AND SOFT DRUSEN: Are They Markers for Distinct Retinal Diseases?

Purpose: Soft drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) characterize two pathways to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with distinct genetic risks, serum risks, and associated systemic diseases.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-six subjects with AMD were classified as SDD (with or without soft drusen) or non-SDD (drusen only) by retinal imaging, with serum risks, genetic testing, and histories of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke.

Results: There were 62 subjects with SDD and 64 non-SDD subjects, of whom 51 had CVD or stroke.

DENOISING SWEPT SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY VOLUMETRIC SCANS USING A DEEP LEARNING MODEL.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of a deep learning noise reduction model on swept source optical coherence tomography volumetric scans.

Methods: Three groups of images including single-line highly averaged foveal scans (averaged images), foveal B-scans from volumetric scans using no averaging (unaveraged images), and deep learning denoised versions of the latter (denoised images) were obtained. We evaluated the potential increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by evaluating the contrast-to-noise ratio of the resultant images and measured the multiscale structural similarity index to determine whether the unaveraged and denoised images held true in structure to the averaged images.

Management of late traumatic LASIK flap dislocation related to dog scratch 16 Years postoperatively.

Purpose: This report details a case of an unusual late dislocation of a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap due to animal-related trauma 16 years after the initial surgery.

Observations: A 59-year-old woman with history of LASIK surgery on both eyes 16 years prior, and uncomplicated cataract surgery on the left eye (oculus sinister; OS) 3 years prior, arrived at our institution with sudden painful visual loss 3 hours after receiving a scratch on OS from her dog. Corneal examination revealed a completely displaced nasally hinged LASIK flap folded irregularly over the hinge, with multiple creases over its entire thickness.

Belisario Domínguez: A life and death deserving of a medal.

Belisario Domínguez was a Mexican physician, ophthalmologist, and politician. He traveled abroad to France, where he studied High School, later he entered the School of Medicine at Sorbonne University in Paris. Back in Mexico, Domínguez installed his medical office in his house.

Systematic review: SARS-COV-2 contagion prevention measures in vision health professionals.

The disease, which originated from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is primarily transmitted by direct contact with infected individuals. Visual healthcare professionals perform clinical practices that pose a significant risk of infection due to their proximity with patients during the examination. This systematic review aims to identify preventive measures that will aid in reducing the risk of infection during standard appointments between patients and visual health professionals.

Novel mutation causing X-linked megalocornea in a family with mild anterior segment manifestations in carrier females.

Purpose: X-linked megalocornea (XMC) is a rare anterior segment malformation characterized by a nonprogressive enlargement of the cornea to 13 mm or greater in the setting of normal intraocular pressure. XMC is caused by mutations in the gene and it is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait affecting only males. Here, we describe the results of phenotypic and genetic assessment in a novel XMC pedigree.

BACILLARY LAYER DETACHMENT AFTER PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To report the clinical and optical coherence tomography findings of a patient with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy who developed a short-term bacillary layer detachment after photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods: A 56-year-old man presented with metamorphopsia and 20/100 visual acuity in his right eye. He was diagnosed with active, chronic central serous chorioretinopathy based on clinical findings and multimodal imaging.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among the Health Care Staff of an Ophthalmological Reference Centre, a Cross Sectional Study.

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a considerable risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2; among them, HCWs from ophthalmology departments are more prone to develop severe symptoms. In Mexico City, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs is 30%. The present work aims to describe the seroprevalence among HCWs at an Ophthalmological Reference Centre in Mexico City.

Amniotic membrane conditioned medium (AMCM) reduces inflammatory response on human limbal myofibroblast, and the potential role of lumican.

Purpose: Viral infections such as herpetic keratitis (HSK) activate the innate immune response in the cornea triggering opacity and loss of vision. This condition is performed mainly by myofibroblasts that exacerbate secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) reduces ocular opacity and scarring inhibiting secretion of inflammatory cytokines and proliferation of myofibroblasts.

Visual rehabilitation with limbal autologous stem cells transplant and cataract surgery in a patient with ocular surface squamous neoplasia.

Purpose: To describe the outcome of simple limbal epithelial transplantation along with Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation for visual rehabilitation in limbal stem cell deficiency due to ocular surface squamous neoplasia.

Observations: This case report of a 66-year-old woman clinically diagnosed with OSSN in her right eye involving all cornea and limbus meridians. Topical chemotherapy for tumor treatment was done, followed by SLET and sequential cataract surgery.

Future Perspectives of Therapeutic, Diagnostic and Prognostic Aptamers in Eye Pathological Angiogenesis.

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that are currently used in clinical trials due to their selectivity and specificity to bind small molecules such as proteins, peptides, viral particles, vitamins, metal ions and even whole cells. Aptamers are highly specific to their targets, they are smaller than antibodies and fragment antibodies, they can be easily conjugated to multiple surfaces and ions and controllable post-production modifications can be performed. Aptamers have been therapeutically used for age-related macular degeneration, cancer, thrombosis and inflammatory diseases.

Cost-effectiveness of a self-management and comprehensive training intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes up to 5 years of diagnosis in a specialized hospital in Mexico City.

Introduction: To assess the cost-effectiveness of a multidisciplinary and comprehensive innovative diabetes care program (CAIPaDi) versus usual treatment in public health institutions.

Research Design And Methods: Using a cost-effectiveness analysis, we compared the CAIPaDi program versus usual treatment given in Mexican public health institutions. The analysis was based on the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model, a validated simulation model used to estimate long-term clinical outcomes.

RETINAL RACEMOSE HEMANGIOMA (RETINAL ARTERIOVENOUS COMMUNICATION) DIAGNOSED AND MANAGED WITH MULTIMODAL IMAGING.

Background/purpose: Retinal racemose hemangioma is a rare congenital abnormality of the retinal vasculature with a variety of secondary manifestations that can cause vision loss, including macular edema. This report aims to demonstrate the use of swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in further characterizing this abnormality.

Methods: Case report with multimodal imaging including swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography.

Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Update and Review.

Knowledge of epidemiology, genetic etiopathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and management of familial hypercholesterolemia have increased in the last two decades. Several population studies have shown that familial hypercholesterolemia is more frequent than previously thought, making this entity the most common metabolic disease with monogenic inheritance in the world. Identification of causal heterozygous pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes has increased diagnostic accuracy of classical criteria (extreme hypercholesterolemia, personal / family history of premature coronary artery disease or other cardiovascular diseases).

Presumed Natural History of Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium.

Purpose: To correlate structural changes of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE) with patient age.

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: Fifty eyes of 49 patients (age range, 1-74 years) with CHRRPE studied at 9 tertiary vitreoretinal institutions.

Cool Crosslinking: Riboflavin at 4°C for Pain Management After Crosslinking for Keratoconus Patients, A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To explore corneal cooling as a method of pain management in corneal-accelerated collagen cross-linking.

Methods: This was a prospective and interventional randomized clinical trial registered in the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials through the identifier NCT030760770. The research was conducted at the Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana.

Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies a Homozygous Nonsense p.Tyr370* Mutation of the TMC6 Gene in a Mexican Pedigree with Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by abnormal susceptibility to infection with b-genotype human papillomavirus (HPV) and a particular propensity to develop cutaneous malignancies. Clinical manifestations include flat, scaly, reddish hypo- and hyperpigmented macules, verruca-like papillomatous lesions, seborrheic keratosis- like lesions, and pink-red pityriasis versicolor-like lesions.

Clinical and molecular evidence of possible digenic inheritance for MFN2/GDAP1 genes in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) is a progressive motor and sensory polyneuropathy, it is characterized by a very heterogeneous molecular basis and phenotype. MFN2 and GDAP1 participate in mitochondrial energy metabolism and the rare coinheritance of its pathogenic variants has been associated with a cumulative effect in the observed phenotype. We describe a patient with a severe axonal CMT and inherited heterozygous MFN2 (p.