Beneficial microbiome and diet interplay in early-onset colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although the risk of developing CRC increases with age, approximately 10% of newly diagnosed cases occur in individuals under the age of 50. Significant changes in dietary habits in young adults since industrialization create a favorable microenvironment for colorectal carcinogenesis.

Impact of DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis on food-associated mock communities using PacBio long-read amplicon sequencing.

Background: Long-read 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing has a high potential for characterizing food-associated microbiomes. The advantage results from sequencing the full-length (1,500 bp) gene, enabling taxonomic resolution at species level. Here we present a benchmarking study using mock communities representative of milking machine biofilms and raw meat, revealing challenges relevant to food-associated habitats.

A fast thermal desorption unit for micro thermal desorption tubes, Part II: Method development and validation for explosives and chemical warfare agent simulants.

A thermal desorption FF-TG-GC/MS method with a cycle time of just 164s including cryofocusing, thermal desorption, analyte separation and system cool down was developed for the analysis of ten explosives and six chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants. Sampling was carried out both in liquid and gaseous form using micro thermal desorption tubes (μTD-tubes, 1.4mm I.

Essential Oil Composition and Physiology of Three Genotypes Under Shaded Field Conditions.

spp. are commonly used for the production of tea and for the extraction of essential oils (EOs). The key factor of mint quality is the content and composition of the EO.

Effects of carotenoid supplementation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Objectives: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of carotenoid supplementation on glycemic indices, and the certainty of evidence.

Methods: A systematic literature search in PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI-Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception up to Jun 17, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of carotenoid supplementation on circulating glycemic parameters were included.

Protein-phenolic interactions and reactions: Discrepancies, challenges, and opportunities.

Although noncovalent interactions and covalent reactions between phenolic compounds and proteins have been investigated across diverse scientific disciplines, a comprehensive understanding and identification of their products remain elusive. This review will initially outline the chemical framework and, subsequently, delve into unresolved or debated chemical and functional food-related implications, as well as forthcoming challenges in this topic. The primary objective is to elucidate the multiple aspects of protein-phenolic interactions and reactions, along with the underlying overwhelming dynamics and possibilities of follow-up reactions and potential crosslinking between proteins and phenolic compounds.

Peptidomics profiling and biological activities of grape pomace protein hydrolysates.

Grape pomace protein isolate was hydrolysed by Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Protease either individually or in combination to produce hydrolysates with antihypertensive and antimicrobial properties. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) ranged between 22 and 52 % for Protease and Flavourzyme, respectively. Among all treatments, hydrolysates prepared using Flavourzyme exhibited the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) activity, with an IC value of 91 μg/mL.

Privacy Risk Assessment for Synthetic Longitudinal Health Data.

Introduction: A modern approach to ensuring privacy when sharing datasets is the use of synthetic data generation methods, which often claim to outperform classic anonymization techniques in the trade-off between data utility and privacy. Recently, it was demonstrated that various deep learning-based approaches are able to generate useful synthesized datasets, often based on domain-specific analyses. However, evaluating the privacy implications of releasing synthetic data remains a challenging problem, especially when the goal is to conform with data protection guidelines.

Generalized flow calculation of the gas flow in a network of capillaries used in gas chromatography.

A general method for the calculation of the flow and pressure of a gas in a network of cylindrical capillaries is presented. This method is used specifically for gas chromatographic systems in this work. With this approach, it is possible to easily calculate flow and pressures in complex gas chromatographic systems, like flow-modulated or thermal-modulated multidimensional gas chromatographic systems, or systems with multiple outlets at different pressures.

Curse or blessing: Growth- and laccase-modulating properties of polyphenols and their oxidized derivatives on Botrytis cinerea.

Infection of grapevines with the grey mold pathogen Botrytis cinerea results in severe problems for winemakers worldwide. Browning of wine is caused by the laccase-mediated oxidation of polyphenols. In the last decades, Botrytis management has become increasingly difficult due to the rising number of resistances and the genetic variety of Botrytis strains.

Correcting for Plasma Aldosterone Improves the Accuracy of Repeated Timed Urine Sampling for Estimation of Dietary Sodium Intake.

Introduction: Long-term sodium balance studies show that sodium can be temporarily stored and released in tissues, mediated by circaseptan rhythms of aldosterone and cortisol. This complicates the reliability of a single 24-h urine collection to estimate individual sodium intake. We investigated whether repeated timed urine collection with and without correction for plasma aldosterone is a more accurate alternative for estimating daily sodium intake.

Intake of free sugar among children and adolescents in Germany declines - current results of the DONALD study.

Purpose: Our recent analysis reported decreasing trends in intake of free sugar in children and adolescents in Germany. Here we set out to update this analysis with current dietary intake (until 2023) because of the strong public health nutrition interest in sugar intake.

Methods: In total, 4,218 dietary records kept between 2010 and 2023 by 751 participants (46.

Synthetic data generation for a longitudinal cohort study - evaluation, method extension and reproduction of published data analysis results.

Access to individual-level health data is essential for gaining new insights and advancing science. In particular, modern methods based on artificial intelligence rely on the availability of and access to large datasets. In the health sector, access to individual-level data is often challenging due to privacy concerns.

A fast thermal desorption unit for micro thermal desorption tubes, Part I: Development of the system and proof of concept measurements with hyper-fast gas chromatography.

A system consisting of a thermal desorption unit (TDU) and micro thermal desorption tubes (μTD-tubes, 1.4 mm I.D.

Molecular-Sensory Decoding of the Aroma.

A modified aroma extract dilution approach (AEDA), followed by the determination of flavor dilution (FD) factors, a quantitative analysis and calculation of the relative flavor activity (RFA) and odor activity values (OAVs) as well as recombination experiments were conducted to evaluate the odor- and taste-relevant components of cold-pressed peel oil. A 2-fold concentration by distillation and reanalysis, compared with the original oil, revealed relevant components. Partition of the odor-active substances into four reconstitution groups according to their respective FD factors, followed by a recombination, allowed for a better understanding of the contribution of each FD-factor group to the overall aroma.

Pectin forms polymeric pigments by complexing anthocyanins during red winemaking and ageing.

The long-term stability of red wine color depends on the formation of polymeric pigments from anthocyanins. Although there is still a lot of uncertainty about the specific structure of this diverse group of pigments, there is consensus that they are reaction products of anthocyanins and other polyphenols. Interactions between anthocyanins and pectic polysaccharides have been suggested to stabilize anthocyanins.

Relation between characteristic temperature and elution temperature in temperature programmed gas chromatography - Part II: Influence of column properties.

The method development process in gas chromatography can be accelerated by suitable computer simulation tools using knowledge about the solute-column interactions described by thermodynamic retention parameters. Since retention parameters usually are determined under isothermal conditions, the presented work offers a step to estimate one of the most important retention parameters, the characteristic temperature T by less laborious temperature programmed measurements. In the first part an empirical multivariate model was introduced describing the correlation between the elution temperature T of a solute and its characteristic temperature T.

Influence of Potential Alcohol in Grapes on Phenolic and Sensory Characteristics of Red Wine.

Potential alcohol, as obtained by grape maturity, affects the extraction of phenolics during winemaking. The extent to which potential alcohol is correlated to phenolic and sensory characteristics of red wine was investigated. Decoupling of the ripening kinetics of grape constituents due to climate change emphasizes this question.

Ghrelin is associated with an elevated mood after an overnight fast in depression.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) comprises subtypes with distinct symptom profiles. For example, patients with melancholic and atypical MDD differ in the direction of appetite and body weight changes as well as mood reactivity. Despite reported links to altered energy metabolism, the role of circulating neuropeptides from the gut in modulating such symptoms remains largely elusive.

Environmental sustainability of diets among children and adolescents in the German DONALD cohort study: age and time trends, and nutrient adequacy.

Background: Identifying diets beneficial for both human and planetary health has become increasingly important. However, to date, there is limited research on sustainable diets for children and adolescents, a vulnerable population group with specific nutritional needs.

Objectives: We aimed to identify 1) the main determinants; 2) age and time trends of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), land use (LU), and water use (WU) of diets of children and adolescents; and 3) analyze the associations of dietary GHGE, LU, and WU with nutrient adequacy.

Sensory Impact of Novel Dihydrocoumarins in Native Lime Oils.

Citrus fruits have been known and valued for their aroma in food and perfume ever since humans have maintained written records. Often described as the "champagne" of citrus oils, especially cold pressed lime peel oils have raised attention. Particularly peel oils of exhibit a pleasant coumarinic, sweet, and balsamic aroma in comparison to its close relative, the .

Improved Generation, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Food Application Studies of a Red Colorant Obtained from Oxidative Coupling of Chlorogenic Acid and Tryptophan.

Due to a widespread consumer reluctance toward synthetic food dyes, the interest in natural compounds from plants has increased. This study aimed to optimize the oxidation process between chlorogenic acid (CQA) and tryptophan (Trp) using sodium periodate (NaIO) to obtain a red-colored pigment. The impact of temperature and different ratios of Trp to NaIO on the reaction progress was investigated.

High loading of lipophilic compounds in mesoporous silica for improved solubility and dissolution performance.

Loading poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) into mesoporous silica can enable API stabilization in non-crystalline form, which leads to improved dissolution. This is particularly beneficial for highly lipophilic APIs (log D > 8) as these drugs often exhibit limited solubility in dispersion forming carrier polymers, resulting in low drug load and reduced solid state stability. To overcome this challenge, we loaded the highly lipophilic natural products coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and astaxanthin (ASX), as well as the synthetic APIs probucol (PB) and lumefantrine (LU) into the mesoporous silica carriers Syloid® XDP 3050 and Silsol® 6035.