Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Young-Trained Donors Improves Cognitive Function in Old Mice Through Modulation of the Gut-Brain Axis.

The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication pathway that modulates cognitive function. A dysfunctional gut-brain axis has been associated with cognitive impairments during aging. Therefore, we propose evaluating whether modulation of the gut microbiota through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from young-trained donors (YT) to middle-aged or aged mice could enhance brain function and cognition in old age.

Validity and reliability of the step test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption in pediatric population.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is the most important variable related to health and a strong predictor of mortality. However, it is rarely used in clinics due to costs, specialized equipment, space needs, and the requirements of expert staff such as an exercise physiologist, physician, or other health professional. This work aims to validate and test the reliability of a submaximal step test to estimate VOmax of 8-to 16-year-old pediatric populations as a simple and low-cost tool for clinical practice.

Microbial diversity and community structure of microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata) and rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) in aquaculture by 16S rRNA amplicon-based sequencing.

Live cultures, including Nannochloropsis oculata and Brachionus plicatilis, are essential in aquaculture due to its economic and nutritional value for commercial fish species. Pathogens and probiotics can be introduced to aquaculture systems by live feed, with variations in abundance influenced by environmental physicochemical parameters. To investigate this, amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA was conducted using Illumina MiSeq to elucidate bacterial abundances and their variations in response to changes in physicochemical parameters in live feed cultures.

A snapshot of cancer in Chile II: an update on research, strategies and analytical frameworks for equity, innovation and national development.

Introduction: Chile has achieved developed nation status and boasts a life expectancy of 81 + years; however, the healthcare and research systems are unprepared for the social and economic burden of cancer. One decade ago, the authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure, together with a series of suggestions on research orientated political policy.

Objectives: Provide an update and comment on policy, infrastructure, gender equality, stakeholder participation and new challenges in national oncology.

Loss of protects against MASLD alone or with alcohol intake by preserving lipid homeostasis.

Background & Aims: Expression of P21, encoded by the gene, has been associated with fibrosis progression in steatotic liver disease (SLD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the function of CDKN1A in SLD.

Methods: expression levels were evaluated in different patient cohorts with SLD, fibrosis, and advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD).

Effects of infant feeding type on auditory event-related potentials at 24 months of age.

Background: Added bovine milk fat globule membrane (bMFGM) or bMFGM components in infant formulas may favor language development essential for cognitive maturation in early life. In this study, the influence of infant feeding type on language skills acquisition was investigated.

Methods: Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were performed at ~4-6 (baseline) and 24 months of age in infants receiving: human milk, as a reference group (HM, n = 42) or randomized to standard infant formula (SF, n = 53) or similar formula with added bMFGM (EF, n = 48) through 12 months of age.

MODULATION OF GUT MICROBIOTA THROUGH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH OBESITY - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) have been associated with gut dysbiosis, changes in gastrointestinal motility and sedentary behavior, contributing to metabolic and inflammatory alterations. This systematic review aims to assess the evidence supporting the influence of physical activity and exercise on gut microbiota composition and diversity in OW/OB and was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, using Medline, Embase, Ebsco and Scopus databases. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 for randomized controlled trials (RCT), ROBINS-I for non-RCT and JBI Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies.

Leucine Intake and Sarcopenia Indicators of an Elderly Group from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile, Who Participated in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM).

Background And Objective: The global aging population has led to increased noncommunicable diseases, often linked to poor diet and declining muscle strength and mass. This study assessed leucine intake and sarcopenia indicators among 181 adults aged 60-80 in Santiago, Chile, participating in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM), with 80% being women.

Methods: Sarcopenia was evaluated through muscle strength and mass using the EWGSOP2 criteria for its identification.

Potential actions for preventing high consumption of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners among Chilean children and adolescents: recommendations from a panel of relevant actors.

Objective: To provide local policymakers with a guideline of potential actions to prevent the high consumption of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners (NNS) among children and adolescents observed in Chile, given the potential health problems related to NNS intake.

Design: The Delphi method was used for the evaluation of twenty-one recommendations to decrease the intake of NNS in paediatric population, with the participation of a panel of relevant actors.

Setting: The proposed recommendations were developed by the research team using the NOURISHING framework; potential actions were based on the increase in the use and intake of NNS by Chilean children, current local food regulations, recommendations of health organisations and foreign policy experiences.

Metabolic energetic adaptation of Atlantic salmon phagocytes to changes in carbon sources and exposure to PAMPs.

Phagocytic cells are pivotal for host homeostasis and infection defense, necessitating metabolic adaptations in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). While mammalian phagocytes shift towards glycolysis and glutaminolysis during polarization, research on fish phagocyte metabolic reprogramming is limited. To address this, the Atlantic salmon phagocytic cell line, SHK-1, serves as a valuable model.

Association between consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chilean pregnant women: A secondary data analysis of the CHiMINCs-II cohort.

Objective: To evaluate the association between consumed non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a cohort of pregnant women from Santiago, Chile.

Methods: This secondary data analysis of a cohort.involved 1,472 pregnant women from the Chilean Maternal-Infant Cohort Study-II (CHiMINCs-II).

The consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with adiposity, but not with metabolic indicators in a prospective cohort study of Chilean preschool children.

Background: Increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been identified as a risk factor for obesity and various diseases, primarily in adults. Nonetheless, research in children is limited, especially regarding longitudinal studies with metabolic outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association between consumption of UPF, adiposity, and metabolic indicators in Chilean preschool children.

Enhancing adipose tissue functionality in obesity: senotherapeutics, autophagy and cellular senescence as a target.

Obesity, a global health crisis, disrupts multiple systemic processes, contributing to a cascade of metabolic dysfunctions by promoting the pathological expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This expansion is characterized by impaired differentiation of pre-adipocytes and an increase in senescent cells, leading to a pro-inflammatory state and exacerbated oxidative stress. Particularly, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and adipose tissue hypoxia further impair cellular function, promoting chronic disease development.

Effectiveness of alcohol warning labels for at-risk groups and the general public: A policy-informing randomized experiment in Chile.

Objective: The World Health Organization recommends using health-risk warnings on alcoholic beverages. This study examines the impact of separate or combined warning labels for at-risk groups and the general population on alcohol purchase decisions.

Methods: In 2022, 7758 adults who consumed alcohol or were pregnant/lactating women (54.

Neck Circumference Cut-Off Points for Identifying Adiposity: Association with Chronic Metabolic Diseases in Older People.

Background: The leading cause of death in older people is cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have found that neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric marker associated with adiposity. The aim of this study is to estimate and validate NC cut-off points as adiposity markers and analyze their association with cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases in older people.

CCL2 and Lactate from Chemotherapeutics-Treated Fibroblasts Drive Malignant Traits by Metabolic Rewiring in Low-Migrating Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

While cytostatic chemotherapy targeting DNA is known to induce genotoxicity, leading to cell cycle arrest and cytokine secretion, the impact of these drugs on fibroblast-epithelial cancer cell communication and metabolism remains understudied. Our research focused on human breast fibroblast RMF-621 exposed to nonlethal concentrations of cisplatin and doxorubicin, revealing reduced proliferation, diminished basal and maximal mitochondrial respirations, heightened mitochondrial ROS and lactate production, and elevated MCT4 protein levels. Interestingly, RMF-621 cells enhanced glucose uptake, promoting lactate export.

Knowledge, attitude, and practices of restaurant and foodservice personnel in food allergy. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Currently, there may be 240-250 million people worldwide affected by food allergies. Dining out can be challenging for individuals with food allergies who rely on restaurant and food service staff to properly prepare allergen-free meals. For this reason, the personnel working in restaurants and other food services play a significant role in managing the risks faced by customers with food allergies.

Social relationships and their association with the functional capacity of older Chilean adults: longitudinal evidence.

Background: Functional capacity is recognized as a central factor for health in old age and not all studies that seek to clarify the role of social relationships in functional capacity are conclusive. The subject has only been studied in a limited way in Latin America, a region that is aging prematurely, with evidence primarily from developed countries, which have experienced a more gradual aging of their population. This longitudinal study aimed to determine how aspects of social relationships impact the functionality of older Chileans.

Self-Reported Sleep Duration Is a Useful Tool to Predict Sarcopenia in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Longitudinal Study.

Age-related sleep disorders share common pathways with sarcopenia. Prospective data from Latin American populations are scarce, and the association between sleep disorders and sarcopenia in Chileans remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to study the longitudinal association between sleep disorders and sarcopenia in a cohort study of 1116 community-dwelling Chilean older people ≥60 years old from the ALEXANDROS cohorts.

Growth patterns in infants born to women with pregestational overweight/obesity supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy.

Background: Previous studies of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy have controversial and contrasting results on the short and long-term effects on early child growth. The impact of this nutritional intervention on the postnatal growth patterns in the offspring of women with pregestational overweight/obesity (PGO) also remains controversial.

Objective: To analyze the postnatal growth patterns during the first 4 months of life in the offspring of women with PGO randomly supplemented with 800 mg/day (PGO-800) compared with normative doses of 200 mg/day (PGO-200) of DHA during pregnancy (<15 weeks of gestation until delivery).

Chilean children's adherence to sustainable healthy diets and its associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric factors: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To describe adherence to sustainable healthy diets among a sample of 958 Chilean pre-schoolers (3-6 years) and explore associations between adherence and child and maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics.

Methods: Children's adherence to sustainable healthy diets was calculated from single multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls using the Planetary Health Diet Index for children and adolescents (PHDI-C). Higher PHDI-C scores (max score = 150 points) represent greater adherence.