Genetic and Physiological Insights into Salt Resistance in Rice through Analysis of Germination, Seedling Traits, and QTL Identification.

Understanding the genetic basis of salt resistance in crops is crucial for agricultural productivity. This study investigates the phenotypic and genetic basis of salt stress response in rice ( L.), focusing on germination and seedling traits.

Preferentially expressed endosperm genes reveal unique activities in wheat endosperm during grain filling.

Background: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm contains starch and proteins, which determine the final yield, quality, and nutritional value of wheat grain. The preferentially expressed endosperm genes can precisely provide targets in the endosperm for improving wheat grain quality and nutrition using modern bioengineering technologies.

Exploring the Drought Tolerant Quantitative Trait Loci in Spring Wheat.

Drought-induced stress poses a significant challenge to wheat throughout its growth, underscoring the importance of identifying drought-stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for enhancing grain yield. Here, we evaluated 18 yield-related agronomic and physiological traits, along with their drought tolerance indices, in a recombinant inbred line population derived from the XC7 × XC21 cross. These evaluations were conducted under both non-stress and drought-stress conditions.

Comparison of the transcriptome and metabolome of wheat ( L.) proteins content during grain formation provides insight.

Introduction: Wheat is a food crop with a large global cultivation area, and the content and quality of wheat glutenin accumulation are important indicators of the quality of wheat flour.

Methods: To elucidate the gene expression regulation and metabolic characteristics related to the gluten content during wheat grain formation, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed for the high gluten content of the Xinchun 26 cultivar and the low proteins content of the Xinchun 34 cultivar at three periods (7 d, 14 d and 21 d) after flowering.

Results: Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 5573 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were divided into two categories according to their expression patterns during the three periods.

Comparative transcriptome responses of leaf and root tissues to salt stress in wheat strains with different salinity tolerances.

Salinity stress is a major adverse environmental factor that can limit crop yield and restrict normal land use. The selection of salt-tolerant strains and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms by plant breeding scientists are urgently needed to increase agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, we selected the salt-tolerant wheat () strain ST9644 as a model to study differences in expression patterns between salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive strains.

Evolution of different rice ecotypes and genetic basis of flooding adaptability in Deepwater rice by GWAS.

Background: Rice is the world's second largest food crop and accelerated global climate change due to the intensification of human activities has a huge impact on rice. Research on the evolution of different rice ecotypes is essential for enhancing the adaptation of rice to the unpredictable environments.

Results: The sequencing data of 868 cultivated and 140 wild rice accessions were used to study the domestication history and signatures of adaptation in the distinct rice ecotypes genome.

Genome wide association study on development and evolution of glutinous rice.

Background: Glutinous rice as a special endosperm type is consumed as a staple food in East Asian countries by consumers' preference. Genetic studies on glutinous rice could be conducive to improve rice quality and understand its development and evolution. Therefor, we sought to explore more genes related to glutinous by genome wide association study and research the formation history for glutinous.

Metabolic Fingerprinting for Identifying the Mode of Action of the Fungicide SYP-14288 on .

The fungicide SYP-14288 has a high efficiency, low toxicity, and broad spectrum in inhibiting both fungi and oomycetes, but its mode of action (MoA) remains unclear on inhibiting fungi. In this study, the MoA was determined by analyzing the metabolism and respiratory activities of treated by SYP-14288. Wild-type strains and SYP-14288-resistant mutants of were incubated on potato dextrose agar amended with either SYP-14288 or one of select fungicides acting on fungal respiration, including complex I, II, and III inhibitors; uncouplers; and ATP synthase inhibitors.

Fungicide SYP-14288 Inducing Multidrug Resistance in .

is a widely distributed soilborne plant pathogen, and can cause significant economic losses to crop production. In chemical controls, SYP-14288 is highly effective against plant pathogens, including . To examine the sensitivity to SYP-14288, 112 isolates were collected from infected rice plants.

Genetic basis and identification of candidate genes for salt tolerance in rice by GWAS.

Soil salinity is a major factor affecting rice growth and productivity worldwide especially at seedling stage. Many genes for salt tolerance have been identified and applied to rice breeding, but the actual mechanism of salt tolerance remains unclear. In this study, seedlings of 664 cultivated rice varieties from the 3000 Rice Genome Project (3K-RG) were cultivated by hydroponic culture with 0.

CRISPR/Cas Systems in Genome Editing: Methodologies and Tools for sgRNA Design, Off-Target Evaluation, and Strategies to Mitigate Off-Target Effects.

Life sciences have been revolutionized by genome editing (GE) tools, including zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-Like effector nucleases, and CRISPR (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) systems, which make the targeted modification of genomic DNA of all organisms possible. CRISPR/Cas systems are being widely used because of their accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Various classes of CRISPR/Cas systems have been developed, but their extensive use may be hindered by off-target effects.

Proteomic profiling of cotton fiber developmental transition from cell elongation to secondary wall deposition.

Cotton fiber developmental transition from elongation to secondary cell wall biosynthesis is a critical growth shifting phase that affects fiber final length, strength, and other properties. Morphological dynamic analysis indicated an asynchronous fiber developmental pattern between two most important commercial cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) and G. barbadense (Gb).

Phenotyping and evaluation of CIMMYT WPHYSGP nursery lines and local wheat varieties under two irrigation regimes.

Accurate evaluation of morphological and physiological traits is critical for selection of wheat ( L.) cultivars exhibiting high yield, which is stable over different growing conditions. In order to use selection index based on high yield, high grain quality and drought tolerance in wheat, a set of 145 CIMMYT Wheat Physiological Germplasm Screening Nursery lines and seven local spring wheat varieties were phenotyped and evaluated for physiological and yield traits under two irrigation regimes during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons in Xinjiang, China.

Rational Water and Nitrogen Management Improves Root Growth, Increases Yield and Maintains Water Use Efficiency of Cotton under Mulch Drip Irrigation.

There is a need to optimize water-nitrogen (N) applications to increase seed cotton yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under a mulch drip irrigation system. This study evaluated the effects of four water regimes [moderate drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the boll-opening stage (W), deficit drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the flowering stage and sufficient drip irrigation thereafter (W), pre-sowing and moderate drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the boll-opening stage (W), pre-sowing and deficit drip irrigation from the third-leaf to the flowering stage and sufficient drip irrigation thereafter (W)] and N fertilizer at a rate of 520 kg ha in two dressing ratios [7:3 (N), 2:8 (N)] on cotton root morpho-physiological attributes, yield, WUE and the relationship between root distribution and dry matter production. Previous investigations have shown a strong correlation between root activity and water consumption in the 40-120 cm soil layer.

Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Profiles of the Superoxide Dismutase Gene Family in Gossypium.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a group of significant and ubiquitous enzymes plays a critical function in plant growth and development. Previously this gene family has been investigated in Arabidopsis and rice; it has not yet been characterized in cotton. In our study, it was the first time for us to perform a genome-wide analysis of SOD gene family in cotton.

Molecular and biochemical evidence for phenylpropanoid synthesis and presence of wall-linked phenolics in cotton fibers.

The mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber is a single cell with a typically thickened secondary cell wall. The aim of this research was to use molecular, spectroscopic and chemical techniques to investigate the possible occurrence of previously overlooked accumulation of phenolics during secondary cell wall formation in cotton fibers.