Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Brief Overview of Tau PET Tracers in Nuclear Medicine.

Dementia (the most common cause of Alzheimer's disease) is defined as a chronic or progressive syndrome with disturbance of multiple cortical functions, the most important of them including memory, learning capacity, comprehension, orientation, calculation, language, and judgement. These cognitive impairments affect the quality of life, behavior, and social relations. Techniques of nuclear medicine provide feasible ways to record the intracellular alterations of disease and deficiencies.

Effectiveness and Patient Experiences of Rhenium Skin Cancer Therapy for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Interim Results from the EPIC-Skin Study.

Nonmelanoma skin cancer and its treatment represent a significant global cancer burden for health care systems and patients. Rhenium skin cancer therapy (Rhenium SCT) is a novel noninvasive radionuclide nonmelanoma skin cancer treatment, which can be provided in a single outpatient session. The aim of this prospective, multicenter, single-arm, international, phase IV study (EPIC-Skin) is to assess clinic- and patient-reported outcomes of Rhenium SCT as a treatment for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Global Research Output of Lutetium-177 PSMA in Prostate Cancer: Bibliometric and Altmetric Analyses.

Aim: The integration of innovative radio-pharmaceutical agents targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) within nuclear medicine has transformed prostate cancer detection and management. This study aims to investigate the present landscape of [Lu]Lu-PSMA in prostate cancer, elucidating trends, global contributions, scholarly outlets, institutions, and thematic concentrations with an aim to inform forthcoming research endeavors.

Methods: We systematically probed the Scopus repository for relevant [Lu]Lu-PSMA literature.

Diagnostic Value of Radiolabelled Somatostatin Analogues for Neuroendocrine Tumour Diagnosis: The Benefits and Drawbacks of [Cu]Cu-DOTA-TOC.

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) arise from secondary epithelial cell lines in the gastrointestinal or respiratory system organs. The rate of development of these tumours varies from an indolent to an aggressive course, typically being initially asymptomatic. The identification of these tumours is difficult, particularly because the primary tumour is often small and undetectable by conventional anatomical imaging.

Soft tissue metastasis of the penis detected by copper-64 labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (Cu-PSMA PET/CT) in a patient with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is considered to be the most common solid cancer affecting men worldwide and leading to a significant morbidity and mortality. Metastases are usually seen in bone or lymph nodes. For recurrent disease, PET imaging with Ga-PSMA-11 (also known as HBED-CC, Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC, and PSMA-HBED-CC) is widely used.

Localizing a metabolic focus during a functional seizure with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

Traumatic brain injuries can lead to long-term mental seizures that are difficult to differentiate from dissociative psychogenic symptoms, respectively, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Recent articles have drawn attention to the need of differentiation of psychological and brain trauma-related symptoms in survivors of violence. This case study reflects a diagnostic step in a 20-year-male who reported to have been subjected to torture, including blunt force to the head 2 years before examination.

In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic tumors using iron oxide nanoworms targeted with PTR86 peptide.

To cut the high mortality rate of malignant disease such as pancreatic cancer, development of newly diagnostic probes for early stage detection of tumor lesions is required. Multimodal imaging nanoprobes allowing targeted and real time functional/anatomical imaging of tumors meet the demands. For this purpose, a MRI/optical dual-modality probe based on biodegradable magnetic iron oxide nanoworms has been developed.

Cu-PSMA-617 PET/CT Imaging of Prostate Adenocarcinoma: First In-Human Studies.

Aim: The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell surface protein, which is overexpressed in nearly all cases of prostate cancer (PCa). PET imaging with Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC has recently found widespread application in the diagnosis of recurrent PCa. In this study, the diagnostic potential of Cu-labeled PSMA ligand (PSMA-617) PET in patients with PCa has been investigated.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for Biodistribution of Radiolabeled Peptides in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumours.

Objectives: The objectives of this work was to assess the benefits of the application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in patients with different neuroendocrine tumours (NET) who were treated with Lu-177 DOTATATE. The model utilises clinical data on biodistribution of radiolabeled peptides (RLPs) obtained by whole body scintigraphy (WBS) of the patients.

Methods: The blood flow restricted (perfusion rate limited) type of the PBPK model for biodistribution of radiolabeled peptides (RLPs) in individual human organs is based on the multi-compartment approach, which takes into account the main physiological processes in the organism: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME).

Analysis of the Metabolic and Structural Brain Changes in Patients With Torture-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (TR-PTSD) Using ¹⁸F-FDG PET and MRI.

Many people exposed to torture later suffer from torture-related post-traumatic stress disorder (TR-PTSD). The aim of this study was to analyze the morphologic and functional brain changes in patients with TR-PTSD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). This study evaluated 19 subjects.

Acoustic Structure Quantification Analysis of the Thyroid in Patients with Diffuse Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.

The aim of this study was to assess whether acoustic structure quantification (ASQ) can differentiate normal from pathological thyroid parenchyma in patients with diffuse autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). We evaluated 83 subjects (72 [87%] women and 11 [13%] men) aged 19 to 94 years with a mean age of 53 years. We performed a prospective study (from March 2011 to November 2014) that included 43 (52%) patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT), 22 (26%) patients with Graves' disease (GD), and 18 (22%) healthy volunteers.

Oncocytic adenomas of thyroid-mimicking benign or metastatic disease on 18F-FDG-PET scan.

Background: The literature is sparse concerning 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) accumulation in the Hürthle cell neoplasm (HCN) of the thyroid. Given the difficulty of accurately diagnosing HCN, even with ultrasound (US) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), the ability to accurately characterize these lesions by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) would be of value.

Purpose: To describe six cases of oncocytic proliferation in the thyroid gland that mimics the presence of metastatic disease and was detected incidentally by an 18F-FDG PET scan.

Selenium intake and selenium blood levels: a novel food frequency questionnaire.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to estimate the selenium intake of thyroid patients and investigate the possible relation between thyroid abnormalities and the selenium intake.

Methods: The selenium intake through foods and the nutritional habits of thyroid patients in general were analyzed. Total 212 subjects from thyroid outpatient clinic of two state hospitals were interviewed.

Supplementary value of functional imaging in forensic medicine.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of functional imaging for forensic purposes.

Methods: We reviewed a few outpatient cases that were sent to our department for examination after traumatic events and one case with neuropsychic disturbances.

Results: Functional imaging showed signs of traumatic lesions in the skeletal system, of brain metabolism and of renal failure.

How to combat torture if perpetrators are supported by a religious "justification".

While there are some examples of legal cases which have resulted in the prosecution of perpetrators and successful reparation for survivors, in countries such as Iran such due procedure is close to impossible since torture is practiced by state officials mostly based on religious codes, and the legal system is controlled by practices that makes it close to impossible to achieve justice. This article discusses the implications of such a situation that also include health care professionals in third party countries who have an obligation to document evidence using the Istanbul Protocol based on a case example of a survivor exposed to different forms of torture.

Additional lesions detected in therapeutic scans with 177Lu-DOTATATE reflect higher affinity of 177Lu-DOTATATE for somatostatin receptors.

Objective: Peptide receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy (PRRT) of somatostatin receptor (SR)-expressing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has become an established therapeutic option in patients with advanced NETs. The aim of this study was to compare the lesion detection rate of (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC, a newly developed tracer for NET imaging, with (177)Lu-DOTATATE used for PRRT.

Methods: 8 patients (4 women, 4 men, age range 46-76 years) with histologically proven NETs, who showed high SR loads by (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy, were treated with (177)Lu-DOTATATE.