Evolution of Dislocation Loops Induced by Different Hydrogen Irradiation Conditions in Reduced-Activation Martensitic Steel.

Hydrogen can be induced in various ways into reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels when they are used as structural materials for advanced nuclear systems. However, because of the fast diffusion of hydrogen in metals, the effect of hydrogen on the evolution of irradiation-induced defects was almost neglected. In the present work, the effect of hydrogen on the evolution of dislocation loops was investigated using a transmission electron microscope.

Reversible Tuning of the Ferromagnetic Behavior in Mn-Doped MoS Nanosheets via Interface Charge Transfer.

Reversible manipulation of the magnetic behavior of two-dimensional van der Waals crystals is crucial for expanding their applications in spin-based information-processing technologies. However, to date, most experimental approaches to tune the magnetic properties are single way and have very limited practical applications. Here, we report an interface charge-transfer method for obtaining a reversible and air-stable magnetic response at room temperature in Mn-doped MoS nanosheets.

Conformational sensitivity of surface selection rules for quantitative Raman identification of small molecules in biofluids.

Biofluid analysis by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is usually hindered by nonspecific interferences. It is challenging to drive targeted molecules towards sensitive areas with specific capture and quantitative recognition in complex biofluids. Herein, a highly specific and quantitative SERS analyzer for small molecule dopamine (DA) in serum is demonstrated on a portable Raman device by virtue of a transducer of mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) and a site-directed decoration of plasmonic Ag dendrites on a superhydrophobic surface.

[Development and Validation of Dynamic Intensity Modulated Accurate Radiotherapy System KylinRay-IMRT].

KylinRay-IMRT is the advanced radiotherapy treatment planning module of accurate radiotherapy system (KylinRay) aiming to provide accurate and efficient plan design platform. In this paper the system design, main functions and key technologies of KylinRay-IMRT were introduced. KylinRay-IMRT supports three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and many other types of treatment plan design with function modules including patient data management, image registration and fusion, image contouring, image three dimensional reconstruction and visualization, three dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning, intensity modulated radiotherapy planning, plan evaluation and comparison, and report print.

Recovering Intrinsic Fragmental Vibrations Using the Generalized Subsystem Vibrational Analysis.

Normal vibrational modes are generally delocalized over the molecular system, which makes it difficult to assign certain vibrations to specific fragments or functional groups. We introduce a new approach, the Generalized Subsystem Vibrational Analysis (GSVA), to extract the intrinsic fragmental vibrations of any fragment/subsystem from the whole system via the evaluation of the corresponding effective Hessian matrix. The retention of the curvature information with regard to the potential energy surface for the effective Hessian matrix endows our approach with a concrete physical basis and enables the normal vibrational modes of different molecular systems to be legitimately comparable.

Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Mn-Substituted MoS Nanosheets Achieved by Supercritical Hydrothermal Reaction.

Doping atomically thick nanosheets is a great challenge due to the self-purification effect that drives the precipitation of dopants. Here, a breakthrough is made to dope Mn atoms substitutionally into MoS nanosheets in a sulfur-rich supercritical hydrothermal reaction environment, where the formation energy of Mn substituting for Mo sites in MoS is significantly reduced to overcome the self-purification effect. The substitutional Mn doping is convincingly evidenced by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy characterizations.

Impacts of lung and tumor volumes on lung dosimetry for nonsmall cell lung cancer.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of lung and tumor volumes on normal lung dosimetry in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy (ssIMRT), and single full-arc volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLC). All plans were designed to deliver a total dose of 66 Gy in 33 fractions to PTV for the 32 NSCLC patients with various total (bilateral) lung volumes, planning target volumes (PTVs), and PTV locations. The ratio of the lung volume (total lung volume excluding the PTV volume) to the PTV volume (LTR) was evaluated to represent the impacts in three steps.

Individual dose due to radioactivity accidental release from fusion reactor.

As an important index shaping the design of fusion safety system, evaluation of public radiation consequences have risen as a hot topic on the way to develop fusion energy. In this work, the comprehensive public early dose was evaluated due to unit gram tritium (HT/HTO), activated dust, activated corrosion products (ACPs) and activated gases accidental release from ITER like fusion reactor. Meanwhile, considering that we cannot completely eliminate the occurrence likelihood of multi-failure of vacuum vessel and tokamak building, we conservatively evaluated the public radiation consequences and environment restoration after the worst hypothetical accident preliminarily.

Design of an Extended Range Long Counter Using Super Monte Carlo Simulation.

We have designed an extended range neutron long counter on the basis of work optimized using SuperMC code. The problem of the existing traditional long counters is that their response function falls rapidly above 5 MeV. We proposed a new designed by adding two layers of converter material inside the polyethylene moderator.

π-Hydrogen Bonding of Aromatics on the Surface of Aerosols: Insights from Ab Initio and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Molecular level insight into the interaction between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aerosols is crucial for improvement of atmospheric chemistry models. In this paper, the interaction between adsorbed toluene, one of the most significant VOCs in the urban atmosphere, and the aqueous surface of aerosols was studied by means of combined molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio quantum chemistry calculations. It is revealed that toluene can be stably adsorbed on the surface of aqueous droplets via hydroxyl-π hydrogen bonding between the H atoms of the water molecules and the C atoms in the aromatic ring.

Deformable image registration of CT images for automatic contour propagation in radiation therapy.

Radiotherapy treatment plan may be replanned due the changes of tumors and organs at risk (OARs) during the treatment. Deformable image registration (DIR) based Computed Tomography (CT) contour propagation in the routine clinical setting is expected to reduce time needed for necessary manual tumors and OARs delineations and increase the efficiency of replanning. In this study, a DIR method was developed for CT contour propagation.

Dynamic evaluation of environmental impact due to tritium accidental release from the fusion reactor.

As one of the key safety issues of fusion reactors, tritium environmental impact of fusion accidents has attracted great attention. In this work, the dynamic tritium concentrations in the air and human body were evaluated on the time scale based on accidental release scenarios under the extreme environmental conditions. The radiation dose through various exposure pathways was assessed to find out the potential relationships among them.

Response improved for neutron long counter.

A low-sensitivity neutron long counter was designed as a standard directional flow detector to monitor neutron fluence reference values of an accelerator-based 14-MeV D-T neutron source with yield of 10(13) n s(-1). The energy response over 6 MeV was improved using a tungsten radiator, which acts as an energy converter via the (n, xn) reaction. Different parameters were optimised to flatten the neutron energy response over a wide energy range.

Construction of hybrid Chinese reference adult phantoms and estimation of dose conversion coefficients for muons.

A set of fluence-to-effective dose conversion coefficients of external exposure to muons were investigated for Chinese hybrid phantom references, which include both male and female. Both polygon meshes and Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surfaces were used to descried the boundary of the organs and tissues in these phantoms. The 3D-DOCTOR and Rhinoceros software were used to polygonise the colour slice images and generate the NURBS surfaces, respectively.

Effect of vascular network and nanoparticles on heat transfer and intracellular ice formation in tumor tissues during cryosurgery.

Background: Cryosurgery is a physical therapy of tumor treatment which is welcome in clinics for its minimally invasive advantage. However, the high recurrence rate makes the conventional cryosurgery unsatisfactory, which needs adjuvant treatment such as introduction of nanoparticles.

Objective: This study is to examine the effects of vascular network and MgO nanoparticles on heat transfer and intracellular ice formation in tumor tissues during cryosurgery.

High-spin states and level structure in stable nucleus strontium-84.

High-spin states of (84)Sr are populated through the reaction (70)Zn ((18)O, 4n) (84)Sr at the beam energy of 75 MeV. The measurements of excitation functions, γ-γ coincidences, directional correlations of oriented states (DCO) ratios and γ-transition intensities are performed using eight anticompton HPGe detectors and one planar HPGe detector. Based on the experimental results, we establish a new level scheme of (84)Sr, in which 12 new states and nearly 30 new γ-transitions are identified in the present work.

Palmprint Recognition Across Different Devices.

In this paper, the problem of Palmprint Recognition Across Different Devices (PRADD) is investigated, which has not been well studied so far. Since there is no publicly available PRADD image database, we created a non-contact PRADD image database containing 12,000 grayscale captured from 100 subjects using three devices, i.e.

SU-E-T-504: Incident Fluence Reconstruction Based on Monte Carlo Finite-Size Pencil Beam Model for Dose Guided Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: In dose guided radiation therapy, incident fluence is one of the important parameters for both influence verification and dose reconstruction. The objective of this investigation was to develop a method to obtain the incident fluence for dose reconstruction in dose guided radiation therapy (DGRT).

Methods: An incident fluence reconstruction model based on Monte Carlo Finite-size pencil beam (MCFSPB) model and "Matthew Effect" Conjugate-gradient (CG) algorithm was developed, where the MCFSPB model was developed by FDS Team (www.

SU-E-T-204: A Prototype of Dose-Guided Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: With the advancement in dosimetric devices and the development of dose reconstruction algorithm, the implementation of dose-guided radiation therapy (DGRT) is feasible. In order for DGRT to be performed clinically, a prototype of DGRT was developed in this study.

Methods: The prototype adopted a strategy for DGRT that adjusted the treatment plan for future fractions to compensate for dosimetric errors from past fractions, which included four main functional modules: management of patient plan information, dose reconstruction, dose evaluation, plan adjustment.

SU-E-J-36: A Flexible Integration of Key Technologies in Image-Guided Radiotherapy for Accurate Radiotherapy System (ARTS-IGRT).

Purpose: Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is becoming increasingly important in the planning and delivery of radiotherapy. With the aim of implementing the key technologies in a flexible and integrated way in IGRT for accurate radiotherapy system (ARTS), a prototype system named as ARTS-IGRT was designed and completed to apply main principles in image-guided radiotherapy.

Methods: The basic workflow of the ARTS-IGRT software was completed with five functional modules including management of patient information, X-ray image acquisition, 2D/2D anatomy match, 2D/3D match as well as marker-based match.

SU-E-T-209: Four-Dimensional Gamma Method for Dose-Guided Radiotherapy.

Purpose: The technique known as 'Gamma Evaluation Method' was an effective measure for dose distribution comparison; however, it could not be used for accurate real-time verification because of the unstable systematic factors. To reduce the errors induced by systematic factors and there was a requirement for real-time dose verification in Dose-guided Radiotherapy (DGRT), the formula of Gamma Method was improved, and four-dimensional(4D) Gamma Method was proposed.

Methods: The gamma index, showing the deviation of two sets of dose distributions, should remove the error caused by different treatment delivery time to realize accurate real-time verification in Dose-guided Radiotherapy.