TNF-α/TNFR1 activated astrocytes exacerbate depression-like behavior in CUMS mice.

Neuroinflammation is considered to be a significant mechanism contributing to depression. Several studies have reported that A1 astrocytes were highly prevalent in human neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanism by which A1 astrocytes contribute to depression remains unclear.

Preoperative Angiographic Protocol for the Surgical Management of Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Technical Nuance for Safe Minimally Invasive Surgery.

Background: Interruption of the fistulous point is the goal of treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). Microsurgery remains a highly efficient treatment in terms of complete occlusion with the lowest risk of recurrence rate. It is reported that the hardest step involves finding the fistulous site itself, potentially extending surgical access and time and increasing potential postoperative surgical-related complications.

Combination of Tractography, Intraoperative Computed Tomography and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Fluorescence in Stereotactic Brain Biopsies: A Case Series.

Stereotactic needle biopsy (SNB) may be performed to collect tissue samples from lesions not amenable to open surgery. Integration of tractography, intraoperative imaging and fluorescence has been applied to reduce risk of complications and confirm the adequacy of bioptic specimens. Clinical and radiological data from patients who underwent stereotactic needle biopsy with the use of intraoperative CT, tractography and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence in a single Hospital were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of the procedure.

Mas receptor activation facilitates innate hematoma resolution and neurological recovery after hemorrhagic stroke in mice.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating neurological disease causing severe sensorimotor dysfunction and cognitive decline, yet there is no effective treatment strategy to alleviate outcomes of these patients. The Mas axis-mediated neuroprotection is involved in the pathology of various neurological diseases, however, the role of the Mas receptor in the setting of ICH remains to be elucidated.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the ICH model by injection of collagenase into mice striatum.

Exploring the neural correlates of fat taste perception and discrimination: Insights from electroencephalogram analysis.

Understanding neural pathways and cognitive processes involved in the transformation of dietary fats into sensory experiences has profound implications for nutritional well-being. This study presents an efficient approach to comprehending the neural perception of fat taste using electroencephalogram (EEG). Through the examination of neural responses to different types of fatty acids (FAs) in 45 participants, we discerned distinct neural activation patterns associated with saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids.

Enhancing metformin-induced tumor metabolism destruction by glucose oxidase for triple-combination therapy.

Despite decades of laboratory and clinical trials, breast cancer remains the main cause of cancer-related disease burden in women. Considering the metabolism destruction effect of metformin (Met) and cancer cell starvation induced by glucose oxidase (GOx), after their efficient delivery to tumor sites, GOx and Met may consume a large amount of glucose and produce sufficient hydrogen peroxide . Herein, a pH-responsive epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-conjugated low-molecular-weight chitosan (LC-EGCG, LE) nanoparticle (Met-GOx/Fe@LE NPs) was constructed.

The Impact of Treadmill Training on Tissue Integrity, Axon Growth, and Astrocyte Modulation.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a complex challenge in neurorehabilitation, demanding innovative therapeutic strategies to facilitate functional recovery. This study investigates the effects of treadmill training on SCI recovery, emphasizing motor function enhancement, neural tissue preservation, and axonal growth. Our research, conducted on a rat model, demonstrates that controlled treadmill exercises significantly improve motor functions post-SCI, as evidenced by improved scores on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and enhanced electromyography readings.

Changes Induced by P2X7 Receptor Stimulation of Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells in the Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Their Secretome.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from many tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults, which shows high resistance to current therapies and poor patient prognosis. Given the high relevance of the information provided by cancer cell secretome, we performed a proteomic analysis of microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXOs) released from GBM-derived stem cells (GSCs). The latter, obtained from the brain of GBM patients, expressed P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs), which positively correlate with GBM growth and invasiveness.

Craniovertebral Junction Surgical Approaches: State of Art.

Surgical approaches directed toward craniovertebral junction (CVJ) can be addressed to the ventral, dorsal, and lateral aspects through a variety of 360° surgical corridors Herein, we report features, advantages, and limits of the updated technical support in CVJ surgery in clinical setting and dissection laboratories enriched by our preliminary surgical results of the simultaneous application of O-arm intraoperative neuronavigation and imaging system along with the 3D-4K EX in TOA for the treatment of CVJ pathologies.In the past 4 years, eight patients harboring CVJ compressive pathologies underwent one-step combined anterior neurosurgical decompression and posterior instrumentation and fusion technique with the aid of exoscope and O-arm. In our equipped Cranio-Vertebral Junction Laboratory, we use fresh cadavers (and injected "head and neck" specimens) whose policy, protocols, and logistics have already been elucidated in previous works.

Microsurgical removal of supratentorial and cerebellar cavernous malformations: what has changed? A single institution experience.

Background: Features associated with a safe surgical resection of cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs) are still not clear and what is needed to achieve this target has not been defined yet.

Methods: Clinical presentation, radiological features and anatomical locations were assessed for patients operated on from January 2008 to January 2018 for supratentorial and cerebellar cavernomas. Supratentorial CMs were divided into 3 subgroups (non-critical vs.

Intranasal Delivery of Curcumin Nanoparticles Improves Neuroinflammation and Neurological Deficits in Mice with Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents one of the most severe subtypes of stroke. Due to the complexity of the brain injury mechanisms following ICH, there are currently no effective treatments to significantly improve patient functional outcomes. Curcumin, as a potential therapeutic agent for ICH, is limited by its poor water solubility and oral bioavailability.

MicroRNAs in meningiomas: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Meningiomas, characterized primarily as benign intracranial or spinal tumors, present distinctive challenges due to their variable clinical behavior, with certain cases exhibiting aggressive features linked to elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite their prevalence, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing the initiation and progression of meningiomas remain insufficiently understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small endogenous non-coding RNAs orchestrating post-transcriptional gene expression, have garnered substantial attention in this context.

MiRNAs as new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in brain metastasis.

Brain metastases represent a formidable challenge in cancer management, impacting a significant number of patients and contributing significantly to cancer-related mortality. Conventional diagnostic methods frequently fall short, underscoring the imperative for non-invasive alternatives. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), present promising avenues for exploration.

Hemorrhage Volume Drives Early Brain Injury and Outcome in Poor-Grade Aneurysmal SAH.

Background And Purpose: Early brain injury is a major determinant of clinical outcome in poor-grade (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies [WFNS] IV-V) aneurysmal SAH and is radiologically defined by global cerebral edema. Little is known, though, about the effect of global intracranial hemorrhage volume on early brain injury development and clinical outcome.

Materials And Methods: Data from the multicentric prospective Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (POGASH) Registry of consecutive patients with poor-grade aneurysmal SAH admitted from January 1, 2015, to August 31, 2022, was retrospectively evaluated.

Multi-angle laser device improves novice learning of C-arm fluoroscopy for lumbar spine surgery.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and satisfaction of using a multi-angle laser device (MLD) for C-arm fluoroscopy to assist novice learners during lumbar spine surgery.

Methods: Forty novice learners were randomly assigned to Group A using an MLD-equipped C-arm or Group B using a traditional C-arm. Both groups performed X-ray fluoroscopy on a lumbar spine model in supine and rotated positions.

Combination of Contrast-enhanced FlAIR and Contrast-enhanced T1WI: A Quick and Efficient Method in Detecting Brain Metastases of Lung Cancers.

Background: Some patients with suspected brain metastases (BM) could not tolerate longer scanning examinations according to the standardized MRI protocol.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE FLAIR) imaging in combination with contrast-enhanced T1 weighted imaging (CE T1WI) in detecting BM of lung cancer and explore a quick and effective MRI protocol.

Material And Methods: In 201 patients with lung cancers and suspected BM, T1WI and FLAIR were performed before and after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine.

A Targeted and Responsive Nanoprodrug Delivery System for Synergistic Glioma Chemotherapy.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for both hematologic and solid tumors and is a reasonable candidate for glioma treatment. However, its effectiveness is hindered by significant toxicity and drug resistance. Moreover, the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) brings a crucial challenge to glioma therapy.

Decoding the puzzle: A multidisciplinary systematic review of adult brainstem glioma.

Adult brainstem gliomas (BSGs) are a group of rare central nervous system tumors with varying prognoses and controversial standard treatment strategies. To provide an overview of current trends, a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines, Class of evidence (CE) and strength of recommendation (SR), was conducted. The review identified 27 studies.

Motor Pathways Reorganization following Surgical Decompression for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Combined Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Clinical Outcome Study.

(1) Background: Degenerative cervical myelopathy is one of the main causes of disability in the elderly. The treatment of choice in patients with clear symptomatology and radiological correlation is surgical decompression. The application of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) techniques has the potential to provide additional insights into the cortical and corticospinal behavior of the myelopathic cord and to better characterize the possible extent of clinical recovery.

Machine Learning-Based Clinical Prediction Models for Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Serum Xanthine Oxidase Levels.

Objective: Early prediction of the onset, progression and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is helpful for treatment decision-making and proactive management. Although several biomarkers have been found to predict the progression and prognosis of AIS, these biomarkers have not been widely used in routine clinical practice. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is widespread in various organs of the human body and plays an important role in redox reactions and ischemia‒reperfusion injury.