Whole body vibrations and lower back pain: a systematic review of the current literature.

Introduction: Whole body vibration (WBV) is thought to be associated with low back pain (LBP). To mitigate against this the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) have created the ISO 2631 standard, recommending safe dose limits. The aim of this research is to conduct a systematic review of available literature addressing the question, is WBV associated with LBP?

Methods: A literature search was performed from January 1970 until April 2022, including studies focusing on LBP and sciatica in association with WBV, looking specifically for ones reporting on military populations.

Whole System Approach to designing, implementing and measuring health and performance benefits of improving diet behaviour in a military setting.

Many employers-including the military-are experiencing systemic workforce capacity and capability challenges. This coincides with a time of declining workforce health, especially among military service entrants, where many performance-limiting health conditions are preventable if healthier behaviours are practised. Effectively tackling complex, interconnected health problems demands a multilevel, multicomponent Whole System Approach (WSA).

Long-term Follow Up of a Complex Case of Foldable Capsular Vitreous Bag Implantation.

Purpose: The Foldable Capsular Vitreous Bag (FCVB) implant is useful in maintaining ocular structure in cases of chronic hypotony secondary to trauma or repeated surgery. There are few published reports of long-term outcomes and no indication of the chronic cellular changes of the adjacent tissues associated with FCVB implantation. We describe one of few FCVB cases in the UK and present histological findings associated with it following secondary enucleation.

Valuing Health and Performance: A Case for Prioritizing Nutrition.

Introduction: Improving the dietary behaviors of personnel can result in positive impact beyond the individual, creating benefits for their organization and wider society. Military personnel endure extended periods of physical and cognitive activity. Healthful dietary behaviors by military personnel support preparedness; yet poor diet behaviors remain common and persistent, and adversely impact health and physical and cognitive performance.

Methodology used to develop the minimum common data elements for surveillance and Reporting of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL) statement.

Background: The objective was to summarize the methodology used to reach consensus for recommended minimum data elements that should be collected and reported when conducting injury surveillance research in military settings. This paper summarizes the methodology used to develop the international Minimum Data Elements for surveillance and Reporting of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL) statement.

Methods: A Delphi methodology was employed to reach consensus for minimum reporting elements.

Development of a novel 'In-Water Mass Casualty Triage Tool'.

The number of in-water mass casualty incidents has increased in recent years and provides significant challenges to rescuers. Existing triage systems require the rescue of immersed (in water) casualties before triage is undertaken. A tool that enables triage to be undertaken rescue, and therefore the prioritisation of that rescue, should improve the efficiency, efficacy and survival rate associated with the management of such incidents.

Gender challenges within the UK Defence Medical Services: recruiting and retaining a diverse workforce.

While there are women represented in some notable positions within the UK Defence Medical Services (DMS), the challenges and barriers to successful female progression have not disappeared. The DMS needs highly talented, motivated doctors working to support operations, yet we struggle to recruit and retain female personnel. This is in clear contrast to the increased proportion of female personnel working within the civilian medical workforce.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in a case of traumatic chondronecrosis of the cricoid cartilage.

Cricoid chondronecrosis is a rare entity and is scarcely reported in the literature. Its prevalence is increasing in the form of chondroradionecrosis among the survivorship of head and neck carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy. We have reported a case of cricoid chondronecroisis caused by trauma from repeated tracheostomy.

Nutrition as a military capability to deliver human advantage: more people, more ready, more of the time.

Soldiers must achieve high-level mission-preparedness to endure extended periods of physical and cognitive activity, with unpredictable recovery, in all environments. Nutrition provides the foundation for health and performance. Militaries have not maximised the strategic and financial value that considering nutrition as a military capability could deliver.

'Delivering effective Defence Healthcare Engagement during Short-Term Training Team deployments: Guidance from on-the-ground Practitioners'.

Defence Engagement (DE) has grown to become one of the key operational outputs of UK Defence. Defence Engagement (Health) (DE(H)) is a subcategory of DE, in which Defence Medical Services (DMS) personnel and assets are used to achieve influence and promote the UK's national interests. For most DMS personnel, their involvement in DE(H) will be as part of a Short-Term Training Team (STTT).

Study of Association of Erectile Dysfunction in male subjects with the severity of Alcohol Dependence.

Background: Alcohol dependence syndrome is a major public health problem, and it impacts the social, psychological, medical, economic, and religious spheres of our existence. Persistent alcohol abuse impacts sexual functioning negatively and leads to the onset of sexual dysfunction.

Aim: This study was conducted to determine erectile dysfunction in males diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome and its association with the severity of alcohol dependence.

Dietary supplement use among military personnel: international patterns and motivations for use.

Dietary supplements, products that contain one or more dietary ingredients, or their components, typically in a concentrated form, are often consumed for purported health and performance benefits. The frequency, forms and motivations for dietary supplement use may differ between civilian and military populations. The objective of this manuscript is to review patterns and trends in dietary supplement use in military personnel from the USA, France, the UK and Slovenia.

Efficacy of neuromuscular exercises to promote movement quality and reduce musculoskeletal injury during initial military training in Royal Navy recruits.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) are a significant problem in the Royal Navy, contributing to 48% of all medical discharges from service between 2019 and 2020. The objective of the study was to assess efficacy of implementing a neuromuscular training intervention to improve movement quality and reduce MSKIs in Royal Navy recruits undertaking initial military training.

Methods: Neuromuscular training (pre-activation exercises, focusing on hip control) was integrated into the warm-up exercise regimen preceding physical training during the 10-week initial naval training (recruits) programme (January-March 2020) at HMS Raleigh (intervention group; n=162).

The Rapid Emergence of Hypervirulent Species and as Major Health Threats in Southeast Asia: The Urgent Need for Recognition as Neglected Tropical Diseases.

The World Health Organization (WHO)'s list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) highlights conditions that are responsible for devastating health, social and economic consequences, and yet, they are overlooked and poorly resourced. The NTD list does not include conditions caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Infections due to GNB cause significant morbidity and mortality and are prevalent worldwide.

Use of online educational resources before and during the COVID-19 era in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Restrictions to traditional face-to-face meetings were mandated by many government authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting the delivery of educational training sessions for maxillofacial surgery trainees in the traditional group manner. An online survey was designed to review what effect the pandemic had on the use and uptake of online educational sources amongst a representative cohort of maxillofacial surgery trainees in higher specialist training. Their attitudes and satisfaction with online resources were considered.

An observational objective job analysis of role related tasks undertaken by Royal Navy sailors.

Background: The current in-service Royal Naval Fitness Test has two elements to test the aerobic endurance and muscular strength of Service Personnel through generic field-based tests and a short job task simulation. However, in 2017 the Royal Navy (RN) identified a requirement to update their in-service fitness test to align with international best practice.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct an Objective Job Task Analysis on critical, physically demanding tasks that could be undertaken by RN sailors during sea deployments.

Extralymphatic Filariasis.

Filariasis caused by nematodes affects the structure and function of lymphatic vessels. Lymphedema due to lymphatic blockage and lymphadenitis is the usual mode of presentation of filariasis. However, rarely extralymphatic filariasis has been reported in uncommon sites, including skin and soft tissue.

A job task analysis of the authorised firearms officer - counter terrorism (AFO-CT) national role profile.

Background: The Ministry of Defence Police recognised the requirement to develop a Physical Employment Standard (PES) for the Authorised Firearms Officer -Counter Terrorism (AFO-CT) role profile.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a job task analysis to identify the most critical and physically demanding tasks performed by AFO-CT personnel.

Methods: A focus group and online survey were undertaken to identify a list of job tasks.

Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Various Tumor Types Treated by Low, Per-Weight, and Conventional Doses at a Tertiary Care Center in Mumbai.

Purpose: The cost of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) limits their accessibility to a small number of patients with cancer in low- and middle-income countries. Early-phase clinical trials have shown target inhibition and high activity at doses lower than those registered and evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we report everyday experience of using ICIs in 100 Indian patients, many of whom received lower doses of ICIs.