Deciphering the Electronic Coupling Dynamics of Laser-induced Ru/Cu Electrocatalyst for Dual-Side Hydrogen Production and Formic Acid Co-synthesis via DFT Analysis.

Herein, a straightforward approach using pulsed laser technology to synthesize selective hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) Ru nanoparticles attached to Cu nanospheres (Ru/Cu) as bifunctional electrocatalyst for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR) are reported. Initially, Ru-doped CuO flakes are synthesized using a coprecipitation method followed by transformation into Ru/Cu composites through a strategy involving pulsed laser irradiation in liquid. Specifically, the optimized Ru/Cu-4 composite not only demonstrates a low overpotential of 182 mV at 10 mA·cm for the HER but also an ultralow working potential of 0.

Proton ARC based LATTICE radiation therapy: feasibility study, energy layer optimization and LET optimization.

LATTICE, a spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) modality, is a 3D generalization of GRID and delivers highly modulated peak-valley spatial dose distribution to tumor targets, characterized by peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR). Proton LATTICE is highly desirable, because of the potential synergy of the benefit from protons compared to photons, and the benefit from LATTICE compared to GRID. Proton LATTICE using standard proton RT via intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) (with a few beam angles) can be problematic with poor target dose coverage and high dose spill to organs-at-risk (OAR).

Thyroid and growth hormone endocrine disruption and mechanisms of homosalate and octisalate using wild-type, thrαa, and dre-miR-499 zebrafish embryo/larvae.

Homosalate (HS) and octisalate (OS), which are used in sunscreen for the purpose of blocking ultraviolet rays, are frequently detected in water environment. Although effects on estrogens and androgens have been reported, studies on thyroid and growth hormone endocrine disruption are limited. In the present study, larval mortality was compared in wild-type and two knockout fish (thyroid hormone receptor alpha a knockout (thrαa) and dre-miR-499 knockout (dre-miR-499)) after 96 h of exposure to HS and OS (0, 0.

Effects of acid, alkaline and enzymatic extraction methods on functional, structural and antioxidant properties of dietary fiber fractions from quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller).

In this study, quince soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) were obtained by acid extraction, enzyme extraction and alkaline extraction methods. The acid extracted DF displayed higher results compared to enzyme and alkaline extraction methods in terms of water holding capacity (15.97 g/g SDF), oil holding capacity (1.

Nondirect-Product Local Diabatic Representation with Smolyak Sparse Grids.

Modeling nonadiabatic conical intersection dynamics is critical for understanding a wide range of photophysical, photochemical, and biological phenomena. Here we develop a nonadiabatic conical intersection wave packet dynamic method in the local diabatic representation using Smolyak sparse grids. Employing sparse grids avoids the direct-product grids in configuration space and alleviates the exponential scaling of computation costs with the molecular size.

Effects of Magnetostatic Interactions in FeNi-Based Multilayered Magnetoimpedance Elements.

Multilayered [Cu(3 nm)/FeNi(100 nm)]/Cu(150 nm)/FeNi(10 nm)/Cu(150 nm)/FeNi(10 nm)/Cu(150 nm)/[Cu(3 nm)/FeNi(100 nm)] structures were obtained by using the magnetron sputtering technique in the external in-plane magnetic field. From these, multilayer magnetoimpedance elements were fabricated in the shape of elongated stripes using the lift-off lithographic process. In order to obtain maximum magnetoimpedance (MI) sensitivity with respect to the external magnetic field, the short side of the rectangular element was oriented along the direction of the technological magnetic field applied during the multilayered structure deposition.

Screening and quantification of pesticides in wetland water, ice, sediment and soil: Occurrence, transport and risk assessment.

Current researches on pesticides in wetlands are limited in terms of screening and quantification of many types of pesticides. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics, distribution patterns, and environmental risks of pesticides in multiple media is important for wetland ecological conservation. In this study, 222 pesticides were determined in multimedia samples collected simultaneously from the Songhua Wetland during four seasons.

A tiered toxicity testing strategy for assessing early life stage toxicity in estuarine fish (Mugilogobius chulae): A case study on tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate ester.

The estuarine ecological environment faces significant threats from contaminants of emerging concern (CECs); yet, the risk posed by CECs to resident organisms remains poorly understood. Here, we employed tiered toxicity testing to investigate the adverse effects and potential mechanisms of tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) on the early life stages of an estuarine fish, Mugilogobius chulae. TCPP affected the development of M.

The arylbipyridine platinum (II) complex increases the level of ROS and induces lipid peroxidation in glioblastoma cells.

Here we present the biological properties of the arylbipyridine platinum (II) complex (arylbipy-Pt) and describe the potential mechanism of its antitumor action which differs from that of the well-known cisplatin. Leading to the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, the arylbipyridine platinum (II) complex showcases the significant cytotoxicity against the glioblastoma cells as shown by the MTT test. Using the 5-ethyl-2-deoxyuridine we study the proliferative activity of glioblastoma cells to affirm that arylbipyridine platinum (II) complex does not impede cell division or DNA replication.

Calcium oxide nanoparticles ameliorate cadmium toxicity in alfalfa seedlings by depriving its bioaccumulation, enhancing photosystem II functionality and antioxidant gene expression.

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic pollutant that poses significant risks to living organisms and the environment, as it is absorbed by the plant roots and accumulates in different parts of crop during its production. A promising sustainable strategy to counteract these threats to use calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO-NPs) as soil supplements in fodder crops. This approach has shown notable morpho-physiological and biochemical improvements under metal toxicity conditions.

Suppressive Effects of Arriheuk Wheat Sprout Extract on Muscle Atrophy in Dexamethasone-Induced C2C12 Myotubes and a Mouse Model.

Skeletal muscle atrophy refers to the loss of muscle strength and mass due to decreased protein synthesis or increased protein degradation. Various conditions can cause muscle atrophy, including aging, heart disease, chronic illness, obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney failure, diabetes, AIDS, cancer, sepsis, and steroid use. Various natural materials have been studied for the prevention of muscle atrophy.

Entanglement witness and nonlocality in confidence of measurement from multipartite quantum state discrimination.

We consider multipartite quantum state discrimination and provide a specific relation between the properties of entanglement witness and quantum nonlocality inherent in the confidence of measurement. We first provide the definition of the confidence of measurement as well as its useful properties for various types of multipartite measurement. We show that globally-maximum confidence that cannot be achieved by local operations and classical communication strongly depends on the existence of a certain type of entanglement witness.

Benign Saturation of Ideal Ballooning Instability in a High-Performance Stellarator.

To examine the robustness of the designed 5% β limit for high-performance operation in the W7-X stellarator, we undertake nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of pressure-driven instabilities using the m3d-c1 code. Consistent with linear analyses, ideal ballooning instabilities occur as β exceeds 5% in the standard configuration. Nonetheless, the modes saturate nonlinearly at relatively low levels without triggering large-scale crashes, even though confinement degradation worsens as β increases.

Stochastic Resolution of Identity to CC2 for Large Systems: Ground State and Triplet Excitation Energy Calculations.

An implementation of stochastic resolution of identity to the CC2 (sRI-CC2) ground state energy followed by triplet excitation energy calculations is presented. A set of stochastic orbitals is introduced to further decouple the expensive 4-index electron repulsion integrals on the basis of RI approximation. A Laplace transformation of the orbital energy difference denominators into numerical summations is adopted to obtain a third-order overall scaling.

Picometer-Level In Situ Manipulation of Ferroelectric Polarization in Van der Waals layered InSe.

Ferroelectric 2D van der Waals (vdW) layered materials are attracting increasing attention due to their potential applications in next-generation nanoelectronics and in-memory computing with polarization-dependent functionalities. Despite the critical role of polarization in governing ferroelectricity behaviors, its origin and relation with local structures in 2D vdW layered materials have not been fully elucidated so far. Here, intralayer sliding of approximately six degrees within each quadruple-layer of the prototype 2D vdW ferroelectrics InSe is directly observed and manipulated using sub-angstrom resolution imaging and in situ biasing in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope.

Airborne antibiotic resistome from sludge dewatering systems: Mobility, pathogen accessibility, cross-media migration propensity, impacting factors, and risks.

Bioaerosol contamination was considered as a potential health threat in sludge dewatering systems (SDSs), while emission and risk of airborne antibiotic resistome remain largely unclear. Herein, seasonal investigations of fine particulate matter (PM) were conducted using metagenomics-based methods within and around different SDSs, together with an analysis of sewage sludge. Featured with evident seasonality, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in SDS-PM also possessed greater accumulation, transfer, and pathogen accessibility than those in ambient air PM.

Vertebral morphology and intracolumnar variation of the iconic African viperid snake Atheris (Serpentes, Viperidae).

We here provide a detailed description of the vertebral morphology of the African arboreal viperid snakes of the genus Atheris. Vertebrae of three different species of the genus, i.e.

Synergistic effects of thermally reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide composite material on microbial infection for wound healing applications.

Infections originating from pathogenic microorganisms can significantly impede the natural wound-healing process. To address this obstacle, innovative bio-active nanomaterials have been developed to enhance antibacterial capabilities. This study focuses on the preparation of nanocomposites from thermally reduced graphene oxide and zinc oxide (TRGO/ZnO).