, , and : An Emerging Triad of Vector-Borne Co-Infections?

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by the protozoan and transmitted primarily by phlebotomine sand flies, poses significant challenges for zoonotic disease management [...

Response of Soil Bacteria to Short-Term Nitrogen Addition in Nutrient-Poor Areas.

Increasing nitrogen (N) addition induces soil nutrient imbalances and is recognized as a major regulator of soil microbial communities. However, how soil bacterial abundance, diversity, and community composition respond to exogenous N addition in nutrient-poor and generally N-limited regions remains understudied. In this study, we investigated the effects of short-term exogenous N additions on soil bacterial communities using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Illumina Miseq sequencing in an in situ N addition field experiment.

Binding and cleavage of pro-urokinase by a tegument extract of Fasciola hepatica newly excysted juveniles activate the host fibrinolytic system.

Plasmin, the final product of fibrinolysis, is a broad-spectrum serine protease that degrades extracellular matrix (ECM) components, a function exploited by multiple pathogens for dissemination purposes. The trematode Fasciola hepatica is the leading cause of fasciolosis, a major disease of livestock and an emerging zoonosis in humans. Infection success depends on the ability of F.

Removal of Ibuprofen in Water by Bioaugmentation with CSW11 Isolated from Sewage Sludge-Assessment of Biodegradation Pathway Based on Metabolite Formation and Genomic Analysis.

Ibuprofen (IBP) is one of the most consumed drugs in the world. It is only partially removed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), being present in effluent wastewater and sewage sludge, causing the widespread introduction of IBP as an emergent xenobiotic in different environmental compartments. This study describes the use of CSW11, recently described as an IBP degrader, through bioaugmentation processes for the removal of IBP from water under different conditions (additional carbon sources, various concentrations of glucose and IBP).

Kinship clustering within an ecologically diverse killer whale metapopulation.

Metapopulation dynamics can be shaped by foraging ecology, and thus be sensitive to shifts in prey availability. Genotyping 204 North Atlantic killer whales at 1346 loci, we investigated whether spatio-temporal population structuring is linked to prey type and distribution. Using population-based methods (reflecting evolutionary means), we report a widespread metapopulation connected across ecological groups based upon nuclear genome SNPs, yet spatial structuring based upon mitogenome haplotypes.

Fatty acid carbon isotopes as tracers of trophic structure and contaminant biomagnification in Arctic marine food webs.

Mercury (Hg) and persistent organic pollutant (POP) accumulation among species and biomagnification through food webs is typically assessed using stable isotopes of nitrogen (δN) and carbon (δC) in bulk (whole) tissues. Yet, bulk isotopic approaches have limitations, notably from the potential overlap of isotope values from different dietary sources and from spatial variation in source (baseline) signals. Here, we explore the potential of fatty acid carbon isotopes (FA δC) to (1) evaluate the trophic structure of a marine food web, (2) distinguish feeding patterns among four marine mammal consumers, (3) trace contaminant biomagnification through a food web, and (4) explain interspecific variation in contaminants among high-trophic position predators.

Livestock shifts lepidopteran herbivore community due to intraguild elimination in Mediterranean agroforestry systems.

Livestock grazing and trampling have been shown to reduce arthropod populations. Among arthropods, defoliating lepidopterans are particularly important for their impact on trees, the keystone structures of agroforestry systems. This study investigates the impact of livestock on the community of defoliating lepidopterans in agroforestry systems.

Development of SNP for Species Identification With Special Focus on the Cryptic Species Complex of .

The genus in the North Atlantic comprises of long lived deep-waters species that have been extensively fished upon, and many stocks are severely depleted across the Atlantic. This is particularly evident for the species . In recent papers, cryptic species have been indicated within this genus and molecular markers are therefore needed to provide identification for the species, including the cryptic species as a basis for advice regarding management and rebuilding of the stocks.

Lonicera caerulea genome reveals molecular mechanisms of freezing tolerance and anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Introduction: Lonicera caerulea L. (blue honeysuckle) is a noteworthy fleshy-fruited tree and a prominent medicinal plant, which possesses notable characteristics such as exceptional resilience to winter conditions and early maturation, and the richest source of functional anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin-3-glucoside. The molecular mechanisms responsible for its freezing tolerance and anthocyanin biosynthesis remain largely unknown.

The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 5.0.

Knowledge about seafloor depth, or bathymetry, is crucial for various marine activities, including scientific research, offshore industry, safety of navigation, and ocean exploration. Mapping the central Arctic Ocean is challenging due to the presence of perennial sea ice, which limits data collection to icebreakers, submarines, and drifting ice stations. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) was initiated in 1997 with the goal of updating the Arctic Ocean bathymetric portrayal.

Individual identity of alarm calls in wild-living Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii).

We investigated acoustic variation responsible for the individuality of alarm calls produced by 50 Brandt's voles Lasiopodomys brandtii derived from 50 different wild-living colonies. For the first time, we described the calling pattern of Brandt's voles, producing a long series of short alarm calls with short inter-call intervals. The alarm calls displayed four different contours of fundamental frequency but were nevertheless strongly individually distinct within a series of 50 successive alarm calls per caller (2500 analyzed alarm calls).

Influence of agarose in semi-IPN hydrogels for sustained Polymyxin B release.

Hydrogels (HGs) are 3-D polymeric networks with high water content, making them appropriate for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems. This study examines the impact of agarose in semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (Semi-IPNs) based on poly(acrylic acid) (p(AA)), N, N' Methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) and agarose (AGA) on the sustained release of Polymyxin B (PolB). Agarose incorporation improved the mechanical strength, swelling behavior and drug retention capacity of the HG.

Reproductive performance of Channa striata in wetland ecosystems: a fuzzy logic approach to water quality and eco-climatic factors for long-term sustainable management and aquaculture advancement.

The striped snakehead, Channa striata, is commercially and nutritionally important due to its medicinal properties, such as wound healing and antimicrobial abilities. This study investigated the reproductive biology of C. striata in relation to hydro-climatic changes using a fuzzy logic approach for long-term management in the wetland ecosystem (Gajner beel), Bangladesh.

Phyllospheric fungal diversity in decomposing larch leaf litter: a comparative study of epiphytic and endophytic fungi.

Introduction: Epiphytic and endophytic fungi are primary decomposers of forest litter due to their complex species composition and metabolic functions. To clarify the community diversity of phyllospheric fungi and to explore nutrient loss and the role of fungal decomposition, we conducted a study on the decomposition of leaf litter during the 1-year decomposition of in the cold temperate zone.

Methods: Fungal diversity data were characterized via Single Molecule Sequencing (based on the Sequel II Sequencing System) and statistical analyses in R.

The ghost of selective inference in spatiotemporal trend analysis.

In spatiotemporal trend analysis, selective inference occurs when researchers are only interested in significant trends based on a fixed threshold (α, often 0.05), without considering the total number of statistical tests performed. Using simultaneous inference in gridded data involves thousands of trend tests, one for each pixel, leading to multiple testing or multiplicity problems.

Resolving Heterogeneity in CO Uptake Potential in the Greenland Coastal Ocean.

The oceans play a pivotal role in mitigating climate change by sequestering approximately 25% of annually emitted carbon dioxide (CO). High-latitude oceans, especially the Arctic continental shelves, emerge as crucial CO sinks due to their cold, low saline, and highly productive ecosystems. However, these heterogeneous regions remain inadequately understood, hindering accurate assessments of their carbon dynamics.

A radiocarbon bomb pulse model for estimating the age of North Atlantic cetaceans.

The tusk of the male narwhal is a prolonged canine tooth, reaching a size of up to 3 m in length. The tusk erupts through the young narwhal's upper left lip and, over time, develops into an elongated structure composed of dentine growth layers with an outer coating of cementum. In this study, we utilized bomb radiocarbon (C) to estimate the ages of three narwhal tusks, which allowed us to validate the assumption that one growth layer is deposited annually in narwhal tusks.

Using positionality and reflexivity to support equity in partnership-driven research.

Social and economic position and power shape everyone, including scientists and researchers. The way researchers do conservation science and the voices centered in the process are a result of researcher upbringing, experiences, access to resources, and values and are a manifestation of positionality. Positionality is a concept that can help one think about one's position and power in one's work.

Measurement and modelling of water flows and pesticide leaching under low input cropping systems.

One current challenge in sustainable agriculture is to redesign cropping systems to reduce the use and impacts of pesticides, and by doing so protect the environment, in particular groundwater, and human health. As a large range of systems could be explored and a wide number of pesticides used, field experiments cannot be carried out to study the sustainability of each of them. Thus, the objectives of this work were (1) to measure water flows and pesticide leaching in six contrasted low input cropping systems based on sunflower-wheat rotation, oilseed rape-wheat-barley rotation, and maize monoculture, experimented for three years in three different soil and climatic conditions, and (2) to assess and to compare the ability of three pesticide fate models (MACRO, PEARL, PRZM) to simulate the observed water flows and pesticide concentrations.

Atlantic mackerel population structure does not support genetically distinct spawning components.

Background: The Atlantic mackerel, (Linnaeus, 1758) is a commercially valuable migratory pelagic fish inhabiting the northern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Given its highly migratory behaviour for feeding and spawning, several studies have been conducted to assess differentiation among spawning components to better define management units, as well as to investigate possible adaptations to comprehend and predict recent range expansion northwards.

Methods: Here, the genome of was sequenced and annotated, as an increasing number of population genetic studies have proven the relevance of reference genomes to investigate genomic markers/regions potentially linked to differences at finer scale.

Long-distance migrations, population mixing, and growth rate of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) revealed from tag-recaptures.

We reveal that lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) frequently migrate over long distances between their summer feeding area in the open ocean and their spring spawning sites in coastal areas, through applying tag-recapture methodology. A total of 2750 C. lumpus were tagged in the Irminger Sea around Iceland and in the Norwegian Sea over 6 years, of which 17 C.

Rosmarinic acid promotes cartilage regeneration through Sox9 induction via NF-κB pathway inhibition in mouse osteoarthritis progression.

Background: The natural polyphenolic compound known as Rosmarinic acid (RosA) can be found in various plants. Although its potential health benefits have been extensively studied, its effect on osteoarthritis (OA) progression and cartilage regeneration function still needs to be fully elucidated in OA animal models. This study elucidated the effect of RosA on OA progression and cartilage regeneration.