Construction of a synthetic metabolic pathway for biosynthesis of threonine from ethylene glycol.

Ethylene glycol is a promising substrate for bioprocesses which can be derived from widely abundant CO or plastic waste. In this work, we describe the construction of an eight-step synthetic metabolic pathway enabling carbon-conserving biosynthesis of threonine from ethylene glycol. This route extends the previously disclosed synthetic threose-dependent glycolaldehyde assimilation (STEGA) pathway for the synthesis of 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate with three additional reaction steps catalyzed by homoserine transaminase, homoserine kinase, and threonine synthase.

In situ Product Recovery of Microbially Synthesized Ethyl Acetate from the Exhaust Gas of a Bioreactor by Membrane Technology.

Ethyl acetate is at present exclusively produced from fossil resources. Microbial synthesis of this ester from sugar-rich waste as an alternative is an aerobic process. Ethyl acetate is highly volatile and therefore stripped with the exhaust gas from the bioreactor which enables in situ product recovery.

Engineering Komagataella phaffii for ethylene glycol production from xylose.

Ethylene glycol (EG) is a versatile molecule produced in the petrochemical industry and is widely used to manufacture plastic polymers, anti-freeze, and automotive fluids. Biotechnological production of EG from xylose, a pentose present in lignocellulose biomass hydrolysates, has been achieved by the engineering of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with synthetic pathways. In the present work, the Dahms pathway was employed to construct Komagataella phaffii strains capable of producing EG from xylose.

A review on machine learning approaches for microalgae cultivation systems.

Microalgae plays a crucial role in biomass production within aquatic environments and are increasingly recognized for their potential in generating biofuels, biomaterials, bioactive compounds, and bio-based chemicals. This growing significance is driven by the need to address imminent global challenges such as food and fuel shortages. Enhancing the value chain of bio-based products necessitates the implementation of an advanced screening and monitoring system.

Next-generation feedstocks methanol and ethylene glycol and their potential in industrial biotechnology.

Microbial fermentation processes are expected to play an important role in reducing dependence on fossil-based raw materials for the production of everyday chemicals. In order to meet the growing demand for biotechnological products in the future, alternative carbon sources that do not compete with human nutrition must be exploited. The chemical conversion of the industrially emitted greenhouse gas CO into microbially utilizable platform chemicals such as methanol represents a sustainable strategy for the utilization of an abundant carbon source and has attracted enormous scientific interest in recent years.

Improving microalgae growth modeling of outdoor cultivation with light history data using machine learning models: A comparative study.

Accurate prediction of microalgae growth is crucial for understanding the impacts of light dynamics and optimizing production. Although various mathematical models have been proposed, only a few of them have been validated in outdoor cultivation. This study aims to investigate the use of machine learning algorithms in microalgae growth modeling.

Investigations into the Influence of Temperature on the Tensile Shear Strength of Various Adhesives.

The temperature resistance of glued timber, which is crucial for glued wood construction, represents a significant assessment criterion. To gain insights into this aspect, this study utilized methods such as a shear strength test in accordance with EN 302-1:2013-06 under thermal loading (from 20 °C to 200 °C), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg). An increase in thermal load resulted in a decrease in shear strength and an increase in wood breakage.

Application of a Tensile Test Method to Identify the Ductile-Brittle Transition of Caramel.

During cutting of foods, tensile stresses in front of the blade are responsible for the separation of the material. Therefore, tensile tests can be helpful to gain knowledge on deformation properties related to pre-fracture cutting behavior as well as on phenomena in the fracture zone, which are velocity-dependent in viscoelastic materials. The aim of this work was to apply a tensile test method for model caramels to investigate their behavior and to identify conditions where the ductile-brittle transition occurs.

Dextrans of Weissella cibaria DSM14295: Microbial production, structure and functionality.

Lactic acid bacteria of the genus Weissella contribute to spontaneous fermentation in, e.g., sourdough or sauerkraut, but are not registered as starter cultures because of their pending safety assessment.

Membrane inlet-ion mobility spectrometry with automatic spectra evaluation as online monitoring tool for the process control of microalgae cultivation.

The cultivation of algae either in open raceway ponds or in closed bioreactors could allow the renewable production of biomass for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or chemical industries. Optimal cultivation conditions are however required to ensure that the production of these compounds is both efficient and economical. Therefore, high-frequency analytical measurements are required to allow timely process control and to detect possible disturbances during algae growth.

Construction of a synthetic metabolic pathway for biosynthesis of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from ethylene glycol.

Ethylene glycol is an attractive two-carbon alcohol substrate for biochemical product synthesis as it can be derived from CO or syngas at no sacrifice to human food stocks. Here, we disclose a five-step synthetic metabolic pathway enabling the carbon-conserving biosynthesis of the versatile platform molecule 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid (DHB) from this compound. The linear pathway chains ethylene glycol dehydrogenase, D-threose aldolase, D-threose dehydrogenase, D-threono-1,4-lactonase, D-threonate dehydratase and 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate reductase enzyme activities in succession.

Sustainability on Bread: How Fiber-Rich Currant Pomace Affects Rheological and Sensory Properties of Sweet Fat-Based Spreads.

Dietary fiber may contribute to increasing the nutritional value of "unhealthy food"-for instance, spreads with high fat and sugar content. The high amount of fiber and the presence of phenolic compounds, organic fruit acids, and aroma compounds make currant pomace a promising ingredient to be used in a wide range of foods. However, the particle size of this by-product is a key factor influencing texture, rheology, physical stability, and sensory properties of the final commodities.

Cell-free synthesis of silver nanoparticles in spent media of different species.

The recovery and valorization of metals and rare earth metals from wastewater are of great importance to prevent environmental pollution and recover valuable resources. Certain bacterial and fungal species are capable of removing metal ions from the environment by facilitating their reduction and precipitation. Even though the phenomenon is well documented, little is known about the mechanism.

implementation of a synthetic metabolic pathway for the carbon-conserving conversion of glycolaldehyde to acetyl-CoA.

Ethylene glycol (EG) derived from plastic waste or CO can serve as a substrate for microbial production of value-added chemicals. Assimilation of EG proceeds though the characteristic intermediate glycolaldehyde (GA). However, natural metabolic pathways for GA assimilation have low carbon efficiency when producing the metabolic precursor acetyl-CoA.

Utilization of delactosed whey permeate for the synthesis of ethyl acetate with Kluyveromyces marxianus.

Ethyl acetate is an important organic solvent and currently produced from fossil carbon resources. Microbial synthesis of this ester from sugar-rich waste could be an interesting alternative. Therefore, synthesis of ethyl acetate by Kluyveromyces marxinanus DSM 5422 from delactosed whey permeate (DWP) was studied in an aerated stirred bioreactor at 40 °C.

Capsular Exopolysaccharides from Two Strains Differ in Their Moisture Sorption Behavior.

is a species frequently used in the manufacture of fermented milk. Apart from acid production, some strains additionally synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS) which contribute to texture improvement and syneresis reduction, both being attributable to the EPS's high water binding capacity. There are two different types of EPS that may be produced, namely free exopolysaccharides (fEPS) which are secreted into the medium, and capsular EPS (cEPS) which remain attached to the bacterial cell wall.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Protein from Pumpkin Seed Press Cake: Impact on Protein Yield and Techno-Functionality.

Conventional solvent-based methods widely used for isolating plant proteins may deliver an unsatisfactory protein yield and/or result in protein degradation. The present study started with the optimization of pumpkin seed protein from press cake by alkaline extraction and subsequent isoelectric precipitation. Subsequently, extraction was supported by ultrasound under three conditions: ultrasonic treatment followed by alkaline extraction (US+AE), concomitant ultrasonic treatment and alkaline extraction (UAE), and alkaline extraction followed by ultrasonic treatment (AE+US).

Upper gut heat shock proteins HSP70 and GRP78 promote insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

A high-fat diet increases the risk of insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis. Here we identified two heat-shock proteins, Heat-Shock-Protein70 and Glucose-Regulated Protein78, which are increased in the jejunum of rats on a high-fat diet. We demonstrated a causal link between these proteins and hepatic and whole-body insulin-resistance, as well as the metabolic response to bariatric/metabolic surgery.

Investigations on the Characterization of Various Adhesive Joints by Means of Nanoindentation and Computer Tomography.

The mechanical properties of cured wood adhesive films were tested in a dry state by means of nanoindentation. These studies have found that the application of adhesives have an effect on the accuracy of the hardness and elastic modulus determination. The highest values of hardness among the tested adhesives at 20 °C have condensation resins: MF (0.

Spectroscopic Investigations for the Dating of Paper from the Nineteenth Century.

The knowledge of the detailed material composition of paper can help art historians, archivist, librarians, paper historians, and conservators to determine the possible age of a document or a work of art. The dating of paper by the identification of specific paper components is especially applicable to paper from the 19th century. In this era, many changes in the paper production technology occurred and new raw materials were introduced in relatively short time intervals.

Optimized Protocol for Microalgae DNA Staining with SYTO9/SYBR Green I, Based on Flow Cytometry and RSM Methodology: Experimental Design, Impacts and Validation.

Multiple fluorochromes are extensively used to investigate different microalgal aspects, such as viability and physiology. Some of them can be used to stain nucleic acids (DNA). Well-known examples are SYBR Green I and SYTO 9, the latter of which offers several advantages, especially when combined with flow cytometry (FCM)—a powerful method for studying microalgal population heterogeneity and analyzing their cell cycles.

Selection of a suitable photosynthetically active microalgae strain for the co-cultivation with mammalian cells.

Preventing hypoxic zones in 3D bioprinted mammalian cell-laden constructs using an internal oxygen supply could enable a more successful cultivation both and . In this study, the suitability of green microalgae as photosynthetic oxygen generators within bioprinted constructs was evaluated by defining and investigating important parameters for a successful co-culture. First, we assessed the impact of light-necessary for photosynthesis-on two non-light adapted mammalian cell types and defined red-light illumination and a temperature of 37°C as essential factors in a co-culture.

The Assessment of the Real-Time Radiative Properties and Productivity of in Tubular Photobioreactors.

The development of tools to predict the photobioreactors' (PBRs) productivity is a significant concern in biotechnology. To this end, it is required to know the light availability inside the cultivation unit and combine this information with a suitable kinetic expression that links the distribution of radiant energy with the cell growth rate. In a previous study, we presented and validated a methodology for assessing the radiative properties necessary to address the light distribution inside a PBR for varying illuminating conditions through the cultivation process of a phototrophic microorganism.

Strain Development in Microalgal Biotechnology-Random Mutagenesis Techniques.

Microalgal biomass and metabolites can be used as a renewable source of nutrition, pharmaceuticals and energy to maintain or improve the quality of human life. Microalgae's high volumetric productivity and low impact on the environment make them a promising raw material in terms of both ecology and economics. To optimize biotechnological processes with microalgae, improving the productivity and robustness of the cell factories is a major step towards economically viable bioprocesses.

Exploring the Binding Capacity of Mycelium and Wood-Based Composites for Use in Construction.

Existing research on mycelium-based materials recognizes the binding capacity of fungal hyphae. Fungal hyphae digest and bond to the surface of the substrate, form entangled networks, and enhance the mechanical strength of mycelium-based composites. This investigation was driven by the results of an ongoing project, where we attempt to provide basic concepts for a broad application of a mycelium and chipped wood composite for building components.