Understanding Actin Remodeling in Neuronal Cells Through Podosomes.

Cytoskeletal dysregulation forms an important aspect of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Cytoskeletal functions require the dynamic activity of the cytoskeletal proteins-actin, tubulin, and the associated proteins. One of such important phenomena is that of actin remodeling, which helps the cell to migrate, navigate, and interact with extracellular materials.

Internalization and Endosomal Trafficking of Extracellular Tau in Microglia Improved by α-Linolenic Acid.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is distinguished by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of Tau. Pathogenic Tau species are also known to display "prion-like propagation," which explains their presence in extracellular spaces as well. Glial population, especially microglia, tend to proclaim neuroinflammatory condition, disrupted signaling mechanisms, and cytoskeleton deregulation in AD.

Microglial Uptake of Extracellular Tau by Actin-Mediated Phagocytosis.

Microglia are scavengers of the brain environment that clear dead cells, debris, and microbes. In Alzheimer's disease, microglia get activated to phagocytose damaged neurons, extracellular Amyoid-β, and Tau deposits. Several Tau internalization mechanisms of microglia have been studied which include phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Development of an effective cleaning technique and ancillary analytical method for estimation of residues of selected kinase inhibitors from stainless steel and glass surfaces by swab sampling.

Importance of cleaning validation in the pharmaceutical industry cannot be overstated. It is essential for preventing cross-contamination, ensuring product quality & safety, and upholding regulatory standards. The present study involved development of an effective cleaning method for five selected kinase inhibitors binimetinib (BMT), selumetinib (SMT), brigatinib (BGT), capmatinib (CPT), and baricitinib (BRT).

Technological Advancement and Trend in Selective Bioanalytical Sample Extraction through State of the Art 3-D Printing Techniques Aiming 'Sorbent Customization as per need'.

The inherent complexity of biological matrices and presence of several interfering substances in biological samples make them unsuitable for direct analysis. An effective sample preparation technique assists in analyte enrichment, improving selectivity and sensitivity of bioanalytical method. Because of several key benefits of employing 3D printed sorbent in sample extraction, it has recently gained popularity across a variety of industries.

Optimization of foaming process for development of modified aloe polysaccharide (MAP) juice and powder using foam-mat drying.

Unlabelled: The present study was performed to optimize the modified aloe polysaccharide (MAP) foaming process and to determine the effect of drying process parameters on the quality of obtained MAP powder. The studied process parameters were glycerol monostearate (GMS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and whipping time (WT) which was varied between 1 and 4% w/v, 0.1-0.

Content analysis of cyberbullying coverage in Newspapers- A study from Bengaluru, India.

Cyberbullying affects the mental health of victims. Media especially print media plays a significant role in reporting of cyber-related crimes to the general public. A total of 549 leading English daily newspapers for a period of 6-months were reviewed.

Development and biological evaluation of smart powder bandage for wound healing and dressing applications.

Cutaneous wounds are one of the pressing concerns for healthcare systems globally. With large amounts of water, conventional hydrogels encounter obstacles in effectively delivering small molecules and peptides for wound healing. The surplus water content challenges the stability and sustained release of small molecules and peptides, diminishing their therapeutic efficacy.

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry based in vitro metabolite profiling of DK-GV-04P, a novel anticancer molecule under drug discovery.

DK-GV-04P, chemically identified as 3-cinnamyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one, is an investigational molecule synthesized at the Chemical Biology Laboratory of the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad. The compound has shown potential anticancer activity against squamous CAL27 cell lines. Metabolite identification and characterization are critical in drug discovery, providing key insights into a compound's pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics safety, and metabolic fate.

Comprehensive characterization and preclinical assessment of an imidazopyridine-based anticancer lead molecule.

Imidazopyridine scaffold holds significant pharmacological importance in the treatment of cancer. An in-house synthesized imidazopyridine-based molecule was found to have promising anticancer activity against breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer. The molecule is an inhibitor of pyruvate kinase M2, the enzyme that elevates tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance by directly controlling tumor cell metabolism.

The rationale and guiding principles to design a psychiatric curriculum for primary care nurses of India.

Background: The National Mental Health Survey reports a huge treatment gap for all mental disorders. There is an acute shortage of mental health professionals in India. Hence, there is a dire need to support task-shift interventions by nurses in providing non-pharmacological interventions for persons suffering from mental health issues.

Sex and blood group determination from hair using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics.

Examination of hair with its intact root is commonly used for DNA profiling of the donor. However, its use for gathering other types of information is less explored. Using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the present study aims to explore other relevant aspects in a non-destructive manner for forensics.

Brief interventions for alcohol misuse among people living with HIV: a meta-analysis.

One-third of people living with HIV (PLHIV) have alcohol misuse or alcohol use disorders which negatively affect course and outcome of HIV. The meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effectiveness of brief interventions (BI) on alcohol and HIV outcomes in PLHIV with alcohol misuse. We included clinical trials published between 1990 and September 2022 on adults with harmful/hazardous alcohol use; only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis.

Delineation of prototypical degradation mechanism, characterization of unknown degradation impurities by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry and stability-indicating analytical method of selumetinib.

Selumetinib (SELU) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 2020. However, the degradation impurities of SELU have not been characterized or identified to date. The mechanism for impurity formation and the degradation behavior have not been previously studied.

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in the analysis of biological evidence.

During the past few decades, Raman spectroscopy has progressed and captivated added attention in the field of science. However, the application of Raman spectroscopy is not limited to the field of forensic science and analytical chemistry; it is one of the emerging spectroscopic techniques, utilized in the field of forensic science which in turn could be a supporting tool in the law and justice system. The advantage of Raman spectroscopy over the other conventional techniques is that it is rapid, reliable, and non-destructive in nature with minimal or no sample preparation.

Differential role of potential stressors, underlying degradation mechanism, characterization of degradants using LC-MS/MS, and establishment of a stability-indicating analytical method for duvelisib.

Duvelisib (DUV) was first approved globally in 2018. An extensive literature search revealed that the differential role of a potential degradation medium in altering the shelf-life of DUV due to its exposure during storage has not been identified till date. Moreover, its degradation impurities and degradation mechanism are not known.

Potential degradation products of abemaciclib: Identification and structural characterization employing LC-Q/TOF-MS and NMR including mechanistic explanation.

Degradation products are the potential drug impurities that can be generated during transport and storage of pharmaceuticals. Before this study, degradation chemistry and potential degradation products of abemaciclib (ABM) were unknown. Moreover, no stability-indicating analytical method was available that can be used to analyse ABM in presence of its degradation products.

Surface-Tailored Nanoplatform for the Diagnosis and Management of Stroke: Current Strategies and Future Outlook.

Stroke accounts for one of the top leading reasons for neurological mortality and morbidity around the globe. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes lead to local hypoxia and are brought about by the occlusion or rupturing of the blood vessels. The events taking place after the onset of a stroke include membrane ion pump failure, calcium and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, increased ROS production causing DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, development of brain edema, and microvascular dysfunction.

Predictors, prevalence, and patterns of cyberbullying among school-going children and adolescents.

Background: Cyberbullying is a major health issue across the globe as it affects the mental health and well-being of the victims, especially children and adolescents, since there is a dearth of studies in the Indian setting. This study aimed to understand the predictors, patterns, prevalence, mental health problems, and coping of cyberbullying among adolescents.

Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional explorative design with 484 adolescents studying in 8 to 12 standards recruited through convenient sampling.

Review of grey literature on Ayurveda wound healing formulations and procedures - A systematic review.

In the era of globalization and evidence-based medicines, a systematic documentation of information by compiling the studies carried out in different parts of India could be useful for the clinicians of Ayurveda and to the ailing community. In this review, an attempt has been made to compile all such clinical research works carried out on Vrana Ropana (wound healing). A grey literature of post graduate (PG) and Doctorate (PhD) researches on Vrana Ropana from various Ayurvedic institutes were collected in the form of soft or/and hard copy as per the availability.

Progressive tools and critical strategies for development of best fit PBPK model aiming better in vitro-in vivo correlation.

Nowadays, conducting discriminative dissolution experiments employing physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) or physiologically based biopharmaceutical modeling (PBBM) is gaining significant importance in quantitatively predicting oral absorption of drugs. Mechanistic understanding of each process involved in drug absorption and its impact on the performance greatly facilitates designing a formulation with high confidence. Unfortunately, the biggest challenge scientists are facing in current days is the lack of standardized protocol for integrating dissolution experiment data during PBPK modeling.

Evaluation of a manual-based training program in changing auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to maternal mental health.

Background: Globally, maternal mental health has been recognized as a priority public health issue. While it is crucial to integrate maternal mental health into mother and child health services, research on strengthening the knowledge and skills of primary healthcare providers on maternal mental health is limited in India.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a manual-based training program in improving auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to maternal mental health.

Carbonaceous Nanomaterials for Phototherapy of Cancer.

Carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) have drawn tremendous biomedical research interest because of their unique structural features. Recently, CNMs, namely carbon dots, fullerenes, graphene, etc, have been successful in establishing them as considerable nanotherapeutics for phototherapy applications due to their electrical, thermal, and surface properties. This review aims to crosstalk the current understanding of CNMs as multimodal compounds in photothermal and photodynamic therapies as an integrated approach to treating cancer.

Astrocytes Differentiated from LRRK2-I1371V Parkinson's-Disease-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Exhibit Similar Yield but Cell-Intrinsic Dysfunction in Glutamate Uptake and Metabolism, ATP Generation, and Nrf2-Mediated Glutathione Machinery.

Owing to the presence of multiple enzymatic domains, LRRK2 has been associated with a diverse set of cellular functions and signaling pathways. It also has several pathological mutant-variants, and their incidences show ethnicity biases and drug-response differences with expression in dopaminergic-neurons and astrocytes. Here, we aimed to assess the cell-intrinsic effect of the LRRK2-I1371V mutant variant, prevalent in East Asian populations, on astrocyte yield and biology, involving Nrf2-mediated glutathione machinery, glutamate uptake and metabolism, and ATP generation in astrocytes derived from LRRK2-I1371V PD patient iPSCs and independently confirmed in LRRK2-I1371V-overexpressed U87 cells.