Nuclear integration of MYB36 and APX-1 genes impart heat tolerance in wheat.

Elevated temperatures during grain filling stage, exceeding the optimal range by 3-4 °C, not only results in a substantial yield reduction in wheat by 10-50% but activates disease and insect infestation. In this research, we introduced heat-tolerant MYB36 and APX-1 gene cassettes into wheat, employing an efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation protocol, demonstrating higher transformation efficiency. The study encompassed the assembly of MYB36 and APX-1 gene cassettes, and confirmation of gene products in Agrobacterium, followed by the transformation of the MYB36 and APX-1 genes into wheat explants.

Chitosan-mediated copper nanohybrid attenuates the virulence of a necrotrophic fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina.

This study reported the synthesis and characterization of chitosan-copper nanoparticles (Ch-CuNPs) using a 1% copper sulfate solution in 0.2% w/v chitosan. The Ch-CuNPs, displaying a stable brick-red hue, showed an absorption peak at 572 nm, indicative of monodisperse nanoparticle formation and surface plasmon resonance.

Relevance of charged and polar amino acids for functionality of membrane toxin TisB.

Bacterial dormancy is marked by reduced cellular activity and the suspension of growth. It represents a valuable strategy to survive stressful conditions, as exemplified by the long-term tolerance towards antibiotics that is attributable to a fraction of dormant cells, so-called persisters. Here, we investigate the membrane toxin TisB (29 amino acids) from the chromosomal toxin-antitoxin system tisB/istR-1 in Escherichia coli.

Damping excessive viral-induced IFN-γ rescues the impaired anti-Aspergillus host immune response in influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) is a severe fungal superinfection in critically ill influenza patients that is of incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite the use of contemporary therapies with antifungal and antivirals, mortality rates remain unacceptably high. We aimed to unravel the IAPA immunopathogenesis as a means to develop adjunctive immunomodulatory therapies.

Characterizing the impact of CPSF30 gene disruption on TuMV infection in .

CPSF30, a key polyadenylation factor, also serves as an mA reader, playing a crucial role in determining RNA fate post-transcription. While its homologs mammals are known to be vital for viral replication and immune evasion, the full scope of CPSF30 in plant, particular in viral regulation, remains less explored. Our study demonstrates that CPSF30 significantly facilitates the infection of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in , as evidenced by infection experiments on the engineered mutant.

Production, Characterization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Analysis of Amyloglucosidase from Fungal Consortium.

The current study aimed to produce an amyloglucosidase enzyme from the fungal consortium. The best amylolytic fungal consortia were identified as Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus niger through the 18S rDNA technique. Fermentation kinetics and various nutritional and cultural parameters were analyzed.

Oncogenic microRNA-1290 and Gene as Potential Biomarker for Colorectal Carcinoma.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the world's third most frequent cancer, with a significant mortality rate due to late detection. There is a need to search for biomarkers that can detect colorectal cancer at an early stage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate several targets that function as oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes, so any change in microRNA expression level can predict abnormality.

Molecular genotyping reveals multiple carbapenemase genes and unique bla (oxaAb) alleles among clinically isolated Acinetobacter baumannii from a Philippine tertiary hospital.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii continued to be an important Gram-negative pathogen of concern in the clinical context. The resistance of this pathogen to carbapenems due to the production of carbapenemases is considered a global threat. Despite the efforts to track carbapenemase synthesis among A.

Dendrites endow artificial neural networks with accurate, robust and parameter-efficient learning.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are at the core of most Deep learning (DL) algorithms that successfully tackle complex problems like image recognition, autonomous driving, and natural language processing. However, unlike biological brains who tackle similar problems in a very efficient manner, DL algorithms require a large number of trainable parameters, making them energy-intensive and prone to overfitting. Here, we show that a new ANN architecture that incorporates the structured connectivity and restricted sampling properties of biological dendrites counteracts these limitations.

: An interactive approach for unraveling dendritic dynamics.

Neurons rely on the interplay between dendritic morphology and ion channels to transform synaptic inputs into a sequence of somatic spikes. Detailed biophysical models with active dendrites have been instrumental in exploring this interaction. However, such models can be challenging to understand and validate due to the large number of parameters involved.

The role of mitochondria in cytokine and chemokine signalling during ageing.

Ageing is accompanied by a persistent, low-level inflammation, termed "inflammageing", which contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Mitochondria fulfil multiple roles in host immune responses, while mitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark of ageing, has been shown to promote chronic inflammatory states by regulating the production of cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we aim to disentangle the molecular mechanisms underlying this process.

Cytotoxicity and mechanisms of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) in umbilical cord fibroblast cells of Yangtze finless porpoise.

Yangtze finless porpoises (YFP) accumulate high levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). However, the health impacts of PFASs to YFP are still unknown because it is technically and ethically unfeasible to use the critically endangered YFP in toxicological exposures. To uncover the potential toxicities of PFASs to YFP, this study exposed a YFP umbilical cord fibroblast cell line to perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an emerging PFASs pollutant in the aquatic environments.

Downstream Processing of Crude Ultrasound-Extracted Pectin From Saba Banana ( x (BBB Group) "Saba") Peel.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pectin from Saba banana ( x (BBB Group) "Saba") peels produced crude pectin that requires further purification. Two downstream processes (alcohol washing (AW) and acid demethylation (AD)) were compared. AW involved gelatinous precipitate washing with 85% alcohol and pressing to squeeze out liquids, while AD involved a sequential AW of the dried pectin with 60% acidified alcohol, and 60% and 95% alcohol solutions.