A novel replicative enzyme encoded by the linear Arthrobacter plasmid pAL1.

The soil bacterium Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus Rü61a contains the linear plasmid pAL1, which codes for the degradation of 2-methylquinoline. Like other linear replicons of actinomycetes, pAL1 is characterized by short terminal inverted-repeat sequences and terminal proteins (TPpAL1) covalently attached to its 5' ends. TPpAL1, encoded by the pAL1.

Cg2091 encodes a polyphosphate/ATP-dependent glucokinase of Corynebacterium glutamicum.

The Corynebacterium glutamicum gene cg2091 is encoding a polyphosphate (PolyP)/ATP-dependent glucokinase (PPGK). Previous work demonstrated the association of PPGK to PolyP granules. The deduced amino acid sequence of PPGK shows 45% sequence identity to PolyP/ATP glucomannokinase of Arthrobacter sp.

Polyphosphate/ATP-dependent NAD kinase of Corynebacterium glutamicum: biochemical properties and impact of ppnK overexpression on lysine production.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is synthesized by phosphorylation of either oxidized or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD/NADH). Here, the cg1601/ppnK gene product from Corynebacterium glutamicum genome was purified from recombinant Escherichia coli and enzymatic characterization revealed its activity as a polyphosphate (PolyP)/ATP-dependent NAD kinase (PPNK). PPNK from C.

Identification and in vitro deoxynucleotidylation of the terminal protein of the linear plasmid pAL1 of Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus Rü61a.

The plasmid pAL1 of Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus Rü61a is a linear replicon, characterized by inverted terminal repeats and terminal proteins (TPs) covalently bound to its 5'-ends. Previous sequence analysis and predictions of possible secondary structures formed by telomeric 3'-overhangs indicated significant differences of the 'left' and 'right' telomere of pAL1, raising the question of whether each terminus is recognized by a specific protein. The genes pAL1.

Characterization of the dicarboxylate transporter DctA in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Transporters of the dicarboxylate amino acid-cation symporter family often mediate uptake of C(4)-dicarboxylates, such as succinate or l-malate, in bacteria. A member of this family, dicarboxylate transporter A (DctA) from Corynebacterium glutamicum, was characterized to catalyze uptake of the C(4)-dicarboxylates succinate, fumarate, and l-malate, which was inhibited by oxaloacetate, 2-oxoglutarate, and glyoxylate. DctA activity was not affected by sodium availability but was dependent on the electrochemical proton potential.

Three trehalose synthetic pathways in the acarbose-producing Actinoplanes sp. SN223/29 and evidence for the TreY role in biosynthesis of component C.

In this study, three trehalose gene clusters, treX-Y-Z, tpS1, and treS, of the acarbose-producing strain, Actinoplanes sp. SN223/29, have been identified. In particular, five trehalose synthetic genes were sequenced and characterized in detail.

Identification and characterization of the dicarboxylate uptake system DccT in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Many bacteria can utilize C(4)-carboxylates as carbon and energy sources. However, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is not able to use tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates such as succinate, fumarate, and l-malate as sole carbon sources. Upon prolonged incubation, spontaneous mutants which had gained the ability to grow on succinate, fumarate, and l-malate could be isolated.

NCgl2620 encodes a class II polyphosphate kinase in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Corynebacterium glutamicum is able to accumulate up to 600 mM cytosolic phosphorus in the form of polyphosphate (poly P). Granular poly P (volutin) can make up to 37% of the internal cell volume. This bacterium lacks the classic enzyme of poly P synthesis, class I polyphosphate kinase (PPK1), but it possesses two genes, ppk2A (corresponds to NCgl0880) and ppk2B (corresponds to NCgl2620), for putative class II (PPK2) PPKs.

The DeoR-type regulator SugR represses expression of ptsG in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Corynebacterium glutamicum grows on a variety of carbohydrates and organic acids. Uptake of the preferred carbon source glucose via the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) is reduced during coutilization of glucose with acetate, sucrose, or fructose compared to growth on glucose as the sole carbon source. Here we show that the DeoR-type regulator SugR (NCgl1856) represses expression of ptsG, which encodes the glucose-specific PTS enzyme II.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum for biotechnological production of organic acids and amino acids.

Industrial microorganisms have been developed as biocatalysts to provide new or to optimize existing processes for the biotechnological production of chemicals from renewable plant biomass. Rational strain development by metabolic engineering is crucial to successful processes, and is based on efficient genetic tools and detailed knowledge of metabolic pathways and their regulation. This review summarizes recent advances in metabolic engineering of the industrial model bacteria Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum that led to efficient recombinant biocatalysts for the production of acetate, pyruvate, ethanol, d- and l-lactate, succinate, l-lysine and l-serine.