Genotype-driven sensitivity of mice to tick-borne encephalitis virus correlates with differential host responses in peripheral macrophages and brain.

Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most common tick-borne viral infection in Eurasia. Outcomes range from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis, with host genetics likely playing a role. BALB/c mice have intermediate susceptibility to TBE virus (TBEV) and STS mice are highly resistant, whereas the recombinant congenic strain CcS-11, which carries 12.

Mechanics of cell sheets: plectin as an integrator of cytoskeletal networks.

Epithelia are multicellular sheets that form barriers defining the internal and external environments. The constant stresses acting at this interface require that epithelial sheets are mechanically robust and provide a selective barrier to the hostile exterior. These properties are mediated by cellular junctions which are physically linked with heavily crosslinked cytoskeletal networks.

Piezoelectric biosensor with dissipation monitoring enables the analysis of bacterial lytic agent activity.

Antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus pose a significant threat in healthcare, demanding urgent therapeutic solutions. Combining bacteriophages with conventional antibiotics, an innovative approach termed phage-antibiotic synergy, presents a promising treatment avenue. However, to enable new treatment strategies, there is a pressing need for methods to assess their efficacy reliably and rapidly.

Anti-inflammatory effects of palm11-PrRP31 in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS not only induce endotoxemia and inflammation, but also contribute to various diseases. In experimental settings, LPS administration serves as a model for acute inflammatory responses.

Tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination regulate the affinity and sorting of intraflagellar transport trains on axonemal microtubule doublets.

Cilia assembly and function rely on the bidirectional transport of components between the cell body and ciliary tip via Intraflagellar Transport (IFT) trains. Anterograde and retrograde IFT trains travel along the B- and A-tubules of microtubule doublets, respectively, ensuring smooth traffic flow. However, the mechanism underlying this segregation remains unclear.

Intraspecific Morphometric Variation in a New Species of Thélohan 1892 (Cnidaria) from the South Atlantic Ocean: An Ecomorphological Study Using Geometric Morphometrics.

A new species of (Ceratomyxidae, Myxosporea) was found infecting the gall bladder of the Argentine croaker Berg 1895 (Sciaenidae, Perciformes) from the Argentine sea. Using an integrative taxonomic approach that combines morphological, bioecological, and molecular analyses, we provide evidence that clearly differentiates this species from known taxa and formally describe as a new species. This study is the first to apply landmark-based geometric morphometrics (GM) in myxozoan research, providing a detailed analysis of conspecific morphometric variation of ceratomyxid myxospores, examining their natural variation within and among different ceratomyxids infecting the gall bladder of .

Perspectives and Limitations of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Corneal Injuries and Retinal Diseases.

The eye represents a highly specialized organ, with its main function being to convert light signals into electrical impulses. Any damage or disease of the eye induces a local inflammatory reaction that could be harmful for the specialized ocular cells. Therefore, the eye developed several immunoregulatory mechanisms which protect the ocular structures against deleterious immune reactions.

Comparative analysis of pediatric SHH medulloblastoma DAOY spheres and adherent monolayers: implications for medulloblastoma research.

Medulloblastoma, the most prevalent brain tumor among children, requires a comprehensive understanding of its cellular characteristics for effective research and treatment. In this study, we focused on DAOY, a permanent cell line of medulloblastoma, and investigated the unique properties of DAOY cells when cultured as floating multicellular aggregates called spheres, as opposed to adherent monolayers. Through our comprehensive analysis, we identified distinct characteristics associated with DAOY spheres.

Cerebral Microbleeds and Amyloid Pathology Estimates From the Amyloid Biomarker Study.

Importance: Baseline cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and APOE ε4 allele copy number are important risk factors for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) receiving therapies to lower amyloid-β plaque levels.

Objective: To provide prevalence estimates of any, no more than 4, or fewer than 2 CMBs in association with amyloid status, APOE ε4 copy number, and age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data included in the Amyloid Biomarker Study data pooling initiative (January 1, 2012, to the present [data collection is ongoing]).

Depressive Symptoms and Amyloid Pathology.

Importance: Depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in older individuals. Uncertainty about underlying mechanisms hampers diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. This large-scale study aimed to elucidate the association between depressive symptoms and amyloid pathology.

Detection of clinically relevant variants in the gene below 10% allelic frequency: A multicenter study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL.

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the reliability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect variants ≤10% allelic frequency (low-VAF) is debated. We tested the ability to detect 23 such variants in 41 different laboratories using their NGS method of choice. The sensitivity was 85.

Investigating resistance to 5-Azacytidine and Venetoclax in PDX models of MDS/AML.

Introduction: Progressing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an indication for hypomethylating therapy (HMA, 5-Azacytidine (AZA)) and a BCL2 inhibitor (Venetoclax, VEN) for intensive chemotherapy ineligible patients. Mouse models that engraft primary AML samples may further advance VEN + AZA resistance research.

Methods: We generated a set of transplantable murine PDX models from MDS/AML patients who developed resistance to VEN + AZA and compared the differences in hematopoiesis of the PDX models with primary bone marrow samples at the genetic level.

Genome sequences of four Ixodes species expands understanding of tick evolution.

Background: Ticks, hematophagous Acari, pose a significant threat by transmitting various pathogens to their vertebrate hosts during feeding. Despite advances in tick genomics, high-quality genomes were lacking until recently, particularly in the genus Ixodes, which includes the main vectors of Lyme disease.

Results: Here, we present the genome sequences of four tick species, derived from a single female individual, with a particular focus on the European species Ixodes ricinus, achieving a chromosome-level assembly.

Cophylogeny, narrow host breadth and local conditions drive highly specialized bird-haemosporidian associations in West-Central African sky islands.

The parasite island syndrome denotes shifts in parasite life histories on islands, which affect parasite diversity, prevalence and specificity. However, current evidence of parasite island syndromes mainly stems from oceanic islands, while sky islands (i.e.

CryoEM structure and small-angle X-ray scattering analyses of porcine retinol-binding protein 3.

The vertebrate visual cycle hinges on enzymatically converting all--retinol (at-ROL) into 11--retinal (11c-RAL), the chromophore that binds to opsins in photoreceptors, forming light-responsive pigments. When struck by a photon, these pigments activate the phototransduction pathway and initiate the process of vision. The enzymatic isomerization of at-ROL, crucial for restoring the visual pigments and preparing them to receive new light stimuli, relies on various enzymes found in both the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells.

WBP1L, a transmembrane adaptor protein involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis, is controlled by CRL1 ubiquitin ligases.

WBP1L is a broadly expressed transmembrane adaptor protein involved in regulating hematopoietic stem cell function and T cell development. It interacts with NEDD4-family E3 ubiquitin ligases and regulates important chemokine receptor CXCR4. Using tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified novel WBP1L interactions with the IFNγ receptor and the Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases CRL1.

Safety of Human USH1C Transgene Expression Following Subretinal Injection in Wild-Type Pigs.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate early-phase safety of subretinal application of AAVanc80.CAG.USH1Ca1 (OT_USH_101) in wild-type (WT) pigs, examining the effects of a vehicle control, low dose, and high dose.

The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier as a Potential Entry Site for the SARS-CoV-2 Virus.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an RNA virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the lungs and airways, it can also infect other organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the choroid plexus could serve as a potential entry site for SARS-CoV-2 into the brain.

Systematic ocular phenotyping of 8,707 knockout mouse lines identifies genes associated with abnormal corneal phenotypes.

Purpose: Corneal dysmorphologies (CDs) are typically classified as either regressive degenerative corneal dystrophies (CDtrs) or defective growth and differentiation-driven corneal dysplasias (CDyps). Both eye disorders have multifactorial etiologies. While previous work has elucidated many aspects of CDs, such as presenting symptoms, epidemiology, and pathophysiology, the genetic mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from accumulated snow sediment sample. , on leaf spots of . , on submerged decaying wood in sea water, on , as endophyte from healthy leaves of .

De novo and inherited dominant variants in U4 and U6 snRNAs cause retinitis pigmentosa.

The U4 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) forms a duplex with the U6 snRNA and, together with U5 and ~30 proteins, is part of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex, located at the core of the major spliceosome. Recently, recurrent variants in the U4 RNA, transcribed from the gene, and in at least two other genes were discovered to cause neurodevelopmental disorder.

An expanded phylogenomic analysis of Heterolobosea reveals the deep relationships, non-canonical genetic codes, and cryptic flagellate stages in the group.

The phylum Heterolobosea Page and Blanton, 1985 is a group of eukaryotes that contains heterotrophic flagellates, amoebae, and amoeboflagellates, including the infamous brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri. In this study, we investigate the deep evolutionary history of Heterolobosea by generating and analyzing transcriptome data from 16 diverse isolates and combine this with previously published data in a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis. This dataset has representation of all but one of the major lineages classified here as orders.

Defective Mammary Epithelial Outgrowth in Transgenic EKAREV-NLS Mice: Correction via Estrogen Supplementation and Genetic Background Modification.

Fluorescent biosensors offer a powerful tool for tracking and quantifying protein activity in living systems with high temporospatial resolution. However, the expression of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins can interfere with endogenous signaling pathways, potentially leading to developmental and physiological abnormalities. The EKAREV-NLS mouse model, which carries a FRET-based biosensor for monitoring extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, has been widely utilized both in vivo and in vitro across various cell types and organs.