The Presence of Two Distinct Lineages of the Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Type A in Russia in 2013-2014 Has Significant Implications for the Epidemiology of the Virus in the Region.

Molecular surveillance of FMD epidemiology is a fundamental tool for advancing our understanding of virus biology, monitoring virus evolution, and guiding vaccine design. The accessibility of genetic data will facilitate a more comprehensive delineation of FMDV phylogeny on a global scale. In this study, we investigated the FMDV strains circulating in Russia during the 2013-2014 period in geographically distant regions utilizing whole genome sequencing followed by maximum-likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction of whole genome and VP1 gene sequences.

From Molecules to Amoeboid Movement: A New Way for Understanding the Morphology Through Actin-Binding Proteins.

Amoebozoa is a group of single-celled organisms that change their shape during locomotion. However, there is a taxon-specific complex of morphological characters inherent in the moving amoebae, known as locomotive forms. Actin is one of the proteins most important for amoeboid movement that, together with actin-binding proteins, construct the architecture of the cytoskeleton in the amoeboid cells.

Enhancing glioma treatment with 3D scaffolds laden with upconversion nanoparticles and temozolomide in orthotopic mouse model.

Targeted drug delivery for primary brain tumors, particularly gliomas, is currently a promising approach to reduce patient relapse rates. The use of substitutable scaffolds, which enable the sustained release of clinically relevant doses of anticancer medications, offers the potential to decrease the toxic burden on the patient's organism while also enhancing their quality of life and overall survival. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are being actively explored as promising agents for detection and monitoring of tumor growth, and as therapeutic agents that can provide isolated therapeutic effects and enhance standard chemotherapy.

Rumicidins are a family of mammalian host-defense peptides plugging the 70S ribosome exit tunnel.

The antimicrobial resistance crisis along with challenges of antimicrobial discovery revealed the vital necessity to develop new antibiotics. Many of the animal proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) inhibit the process of bacterial translation. Genome projects allowed to identify immune-related genes encoding animal host defense peptides.

The archaeal highly thermostable GH35 family β-galactosidase DaβGal has a unique seven domain protein fold.

The most extensively studied β-d-galactosidases (EC3.2.1.

Hybrid Molecules of Azithromycin with Chloramphenicol and Metronidazole: Synthesis and Study of Antibacterial Properties.

The sustained rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes a strong need to develop new antibacterial agents. One of the methods for addressing the problem of antibiotic resistance is through the design of hybrid antibiotics. In this work, we proposed a synthetic route for the conjugation of an azithromycin derivative with chloramphenicol and metronidazole hemisuccinates and synthesized two series of new hybrid molecules - and -.

Triphenylphosphonium Analogs of Short Peptide Related to Bactenecin 7 and Oncocin 112 as Antimicrobial Agents.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently attracted attention as promising antibacterial agents capable of acting against resistant bacterial strains. In this work, an approach was applied, consisting of the conjugation of a peptide related to the sequences of bactenecin 7 (Bac7) and oncocin (Onc112) with the alkyl(triphenyl)phosphonium (alkyl-TPP) fragment in order to improve the properties of the AMP and introduce new ones, expand the spectrum of antimicrobial activity, and reduce the inhibitory effect on the eukaryotic translation process. Triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivatives of a decapeptide RRIRPRPPYL were synthesized.

The chromosome-scale genome assembly for the West Nile vector Culex quinquefasciatus uncovers patterns of genome evolution in mosquitoes.

Background: Understanding genome organization and evolution is important for species involved in transmission of human diseases, such as mosquitoes. Anophelinae and Culicinae subfamilies of mosquitoes show striking differences in genome sizes, sex chromosome arrangements, behavior, and ability to transmit pathogens. However, the genomic basis of these differences is not fully understood.

The Influence of KE and EW Dipeptides in the Composition of the Thymalin Drug on Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Involved in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Thymalin is an immunomodulatory drug containing a polypeptide extract of thymus that has demonstrated efficacy in the therapy of acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as in complex therapy related to severe COVID-19 in middle-aged and elderly patients.. KE and EW dipeptides are active substances of Thymalin.

Radiation-induced neuroinflammation monitoring by the level of peripheral blood monocytes with high expression of translocator protein.

Purpose: Currently there are no effective diagnostic methods for the control of neuroinflammation before manifestation of cognitive impairment after head irradiation. The translocator protein (TSPO) is highly expressed in glial cells upon brain damage, therefore we compared the changes in the number of cells with high TSPO expression in the brain and peripheral blood during radiation-induced neuroinflammation.

Materials And Methods: Hippocampal cytokines mRNA expression and the content of cells with high TSPO expression in the brain and peripheral blood monocytes were analyzed up to eight months after mice head γ-irradiation at a dose of 2 Gy or 8Gy.

Synthesis of Deuterium-Labeled Pyrrolylcarnosine.

The effect of temperature on the effectiveness of the incorporation of deuterium into pyrrolylcarnosine (PC) was studied. Deuterium gas and heavy water were used as a source of deuterium. Isotope exchange was carried out using solid-phase and liquid-phase methods.

Modulation of Membrane Microviscosity by Protein-Mediated Carotenoid Delivery as Revealed by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy.

Carotenoids are potent antioxidants with a wide range of biomedical applications. However, their delivery into human cells is challenging and relatively inefficient. While the use of natural water-soluble carotenoproteins capable to reversibly bind carotenoids and transfer them into membranes is promising, the quantitative estimation of the delivery remains unclear.

Biochemical characterisation of glycosylated and deglycosylated forms of phytase from Cronobacter turicensis expressed in Pichia pastoris.

Phytases are valuable industrial enzymes widely used in animal feed production, and when expressed in yeast, they undergo glycosylation. Herein, heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and biochemical characterisation of glycosylated and deglycosylated forms of a novel phytase from Cronobacter turicensis belonging to the histidine acid phosphatase family were successfully carried out. Mutants with deleted N-glycosylation sites (N136, N171, and N202) were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and characterised.

Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds on Biofilms and Swimming Motility of .

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by bacteria play an important role in the interaction between microorganisms and other organisms. They can inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic microorganisms, modulate plant growth, and serve as infochemicals. Here, we investigated the effects of ketones, alcohols, and terpenes on the colony biofilms of plant pathogenic strains and swimming motility, which can play an important role in the formation of biofilms.

: sequences of genetic parts, analysis of their functionality, and development prospects as a molecular biology platform.

bacteria are a fast-growing platform for biocatalysis, biodegradation, and biosynthesis, but not a platform for molecular biology. That is, are not convenient for genetic engineering. One major issue for the engineering of is the absence of a publicly available, curated, and commented collection of sequences of genetic parts that are functional in biotechnologically relevant species of (, , , and ).

Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms of Action of Ultrashort Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease.

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is necessary for maintaining higher-order cognitive functions (learning and memory). The current understanding of the role of epigenetics in the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is focused on DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and regulation of non-coding RNAs. The pathogenetic links of this disease are the misfolding and aggregation of tau protein and amyloid peptides, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and neuroinflammation, all of which lead to impaired synaptic plasticity and memory loss.

Variability in the Spatial Structure of the Central Loop in Cobra Cytotoxins Revealed by X-ray Analysis and Molecular Modeling.

Cobra cytotoxins (CTs) belong to the three-fingered protein family and possess membrane activity. Here, we studied cytotoxin 13 from cobra venom (CT13Nn). For the first time, a spatial model of CT13Nn with both "water" and "membrane" conformations of the central loop (loop-2) were determined by X-ray crystallography.

Gene Editing in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins.

With the establishment of the CRISPR-Cas9 molecular tool as a DNA editing system in 2012, the handling of gene editing experiments was strongly facilitated pushing reverse genetics approaches forward in many organisms. These new gene editing technologies also drastically increased the possibilities for design-driven synthetic biology. Here, we describe a protocol for gene editing in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using preassembled CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins.

The Effect of Volatile Organic Compounds on Different Organisms: Agrobacteria, Plants and Insects.

Bacteria and fungi emit a huge variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can provide a valuable arsenal for practical use. However, the biological activities and functions of the VOCs are poorly understood. This work aimed to study the action of individual VOCs on the bacteria , plants, and fruit flies .

Structure- and Interaction-Based Design of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Aptamers.

Aptamer selection against novel infections is a complicated and time-consuming approach. Synergy can be achieved by using computational methods together with experimental procedures. This study aims to develop a reliable methodology for a rational aptamer in silico et vitro design.

Structural and Computational Study of the GroEL-Prion Protein Complex.

The molecular chaperone GroEL is designed to promote protein folding and prevent aggregation. However, the interaction between GroEL and the prion protein, PrP, could lead to pathogenic transformation of the latter to the aggregation-prone PrP form. Here, the molecular basis of the interactions in the GroEL-PrP complex is studied with cryo-EM and molecular dynamics approaches.