29 results match your criteria: "Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA[Affiliation]"

The spread of the African swine fever virus (ASF virus) genotype ii in the Eurasian region has been very successful and often inexplicable. The virus spreads rapidly and persists in areas with wild boar populations, but areas without feral pig populations are also affected. The virus has shown the ability to survive for a long time in the environment without a population of susceptible hosts, both pigs and Ornithodoros soft ticks.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The African swine fever (ASF) virus (ASFV) and ASF-like viral sequences were identified in human samples and sewage as well as in different water environments. Pigs regularly experience infections by the ASFV. The considerable stability of the virus in the environment suggests that there is ongoing and long-term contact between humans and the ASFV.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Shortly after the establishment of African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II in 2007, cases of acute fatal infection were observed. However, after several years of circulation in the Eurasian region, the clinical signs of the disease changed. Currently, this disease can occur acutely, subclinically, chronically, or asymptomatically.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study investigated viral diseases affecting honey bees in Armenia, focusing on the presence of these viruses in bees, non-bee species, mites, and pollinated plants.
  • A total of 200 bees, 50 mites, and 20 wasps were sampled, revealing the presence of six honey bee viruses, with the most common being deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), and acute bee norovirus (ANV).
  • Findings suggest that while honey bees carry these viruses, they were also found in wasps and that plants may serve as reservoirs, contributing to the seasonal spread of these viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, China, after which the virus spread around the world. Here, we have described the adaptive capacity and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, which is widespread in Armenia, in vitro and vivo on Syrian hamsters. We have studied the changes in the SARS-CoV-2genome using viral RNA sequencing during virus adaptation in vitro and in vivo.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) has high therapeutic value as biomolecular target for research and development of small molecules with antineoplastic activity, since it is upregulated in many cancers, especially in ovarian and BRCA 1/2 mutated breast cancers. Decades of investigation of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have led to the approval of several drug compounds, however clinical application of PARPi in cancer therapy is limited due to a number of factors, including low selectivity, weak affinity and undesired side effects. Thus, identification of novel drug-like chemical compounds with alternatives to the known PARPi chemical scaffolds, binding modes and interaction patterns with amino acid residues in the active site is of high therapeutic importance.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

African swine fever virus manipulates the cell cycle of infected G0 cells by inducing its progression via unblocking cells from the G0 to S phase and then arresting them in the G2 phase. DNA synthesis in infected alveolar macrophages starts at 10-12 h post infection. DNA synthesis in the nuclei of G0 cells is preceded by the activation of the viral genes K196R, A240L, E165R, F334L, F778R, and R298L involved in the synthesis of nucleotides and the regulation of the cell cycle.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The water-based combination of two inorganic chemical compounds such as sodium tungstate dihydrate-NaWO × 2HO and Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate-Al (SO) 3 × 18HO that we have conditionally named 'Vomifal' has a broad antiviral activity in various DNA and RNA viruses, including Human Herpes Virus (HHV), African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Vaccinia Virus (VV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), Influenza A virus (A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)). In vitro and In vivo assays in several tissue cultures as well as in laboratory animals, conformed 'Vomifal' has a very low toxicity and the antiviral properties partially are due to its ability to induce gamma-IFN. Based on the results obtained, we can assume the presence of at least two mechanisms of the antiviral action of the studied drug.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Experimental models of ecological niches for African swine fever virus.

Vet Microbiol

March 2022

Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia. Electronic address:

In this study, we investigated the possible biological factors affecting the survival of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in the environment and their potential to influence the ecology of the ASFV. Specifically, we tested the survival and replication of ASFV in four phylogenetically distinct organisms: Paramecium caudatum, Dendrobaena alpine, Aedes aegypti andXeropicta derbentina using qReal-Time PCR and hemadsorbtion analysis. Levels of ASFV in earthworms (Dendrobaena alpina) and soil declined at similar rates, suggesting that earthworms likely have no influence on the ecology of the ASFV.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is largely recognized as a potent therapeutic molecular target for the development of angiogenesis-related tumor treatment. Tumor growth, metastasis and multidrug resistance highly depends on the angiogenesis and drug discovery of the potential small molecules targeting VEGFR-2, with the potential anti-angiogenic activity being of high interest to anti-cancer research. Multiple small molecule inhibitors of the VEGFR-2 are approved for the treatment of different type of cancers, with one of the most recent, tivozanib, being approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsed or refractory advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Human carbonic anhydrase XII (hCA XII) isozyme is of high therapeutic value as a pharmacological target and biomarker for different types of cancer. The hCA XII is one of the crucial effectors that regulates extracellular and intracellular pH and affects cancer cell proliferation, invasion, growth and metastasis. Despite the fact that interaction features of hCAs inhibitors with the catalytic site of the enzyme are well described, lack in the selectivity of the traditional hCA inhibitors based on the sulfonamide group or related motifs is an urgent issue.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Targeting 3CLpro and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp by sp. Metabolites: A Computational Study.

Molecules

June 2021

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt.

Since December 2019, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous economic loss and serious health problems worldwide. In this study, we investigated 14 natural compounds isolated from sp. via a molecular docking study, to examine their ability to act as anti-COVID-19 agents.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background And Aim: In modern scientific literature presents an understanding that African swine fever (ASF) ASF virus (ASFV) is remarkably stable in the environment, and carcasses of the pigs which were died after ASF, play a key role as ASFV reservoir. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the ASFV (different isolates) survival in bodies of dead animals, bones, remnants of bone marrow, residual organ matrix in natural conditions.

Materials And Methods: Skeletons of ASFV infected pigs which were died and left/abandoned in forests or buried in Armenia at diverse time points and locations had been excavated and examined for the presence of ASFV genome by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and for infection abilities through (hemadsorption test and infection in porcine lung macrophages) as well as by intramuscular infection in healthy pigs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The inconsistencies in the performance of the virtual screening (VS) process, depending on the used software and structural conformation of the protein, is a challenging issue in the drug design and discovery field. Varying performance, especially in terms of early recognition of the potential hit compounds, negatively affects the whole process and leads to unnecessary waste of the time and resources. Appropriate application of the ensemble docking and consensus-scoring approaches can significantly increase reliability of the VS results.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Aim: A genome-scale phylogenetic analysis was used to infer the evolutionary dynamics of - African swine fever virus (ASFV) - and better define its genetic diversity.

Materials And Methods: All complete ASFV genomes from NCBI's resource as of March 2020 were used. The phylogenetic analysis used maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Patterns of alveolar macrophage activation upon attenuated and virulent African swine fever viruses in vitro.

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis

October 2020

Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia; Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The study examined how two strains of African swine fever (ASF) viruses affect the activation of porcine alveolar macrophages (AM), noting differences in immune response.
  • Cells infected with the virulent ASFV-Georgia2007 showed unique M1 polarization and changes in morphology, resulting in lower synthesis of certain interferons compared to those infected with the attenuated strain ASFV-BA71V.
  • The findings suggest that the more virulent ASFV-Georgia2007 reduces the antiviral response of AM, indicating that the evolutionary decrease of ASFV virulence is linked to changes in host immune system regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Aim: The aim of this research was to study the effect of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) on the host immune response by examining the cellular composition/pathology of lymphoid organs and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).

Materials And Methods: Nine adult rabbits were inoculated with 1 ml of 10% infected liver homogenate, and three rabbits served as controls. The rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD)-induced animals were studied on 3 consecutive days post-infection.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This research is focused on the study of African swine fever virus (ASFV) survival in the leech Hirudo medicinalis. To detect the infection route of the virus in leeches, two introduction methods were used: blood-feeding from infected swine hosts and exposure to ASFV-contaminated water (leeches cultivated with ASFV). This study found that the survival of ASFV in leeches was much longer than that in leech-free medium.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Glomerulonephritis due to African swine fever (ASF) is well documented. However, there is absence of good understanding of mechanisms involved in the development of pathology development. This study examines glomerulonephritis in association with acute infection induced by II genotype (Georgia 2007) of ASF virus.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The brains of 10 infected pigs were examined for histopathology and presence of African swine fever virus (ASFV) DNA ASFV infection induces inflamed meninges, cerebral edema and vascular thrombosis, as well as subdural hematomas. Slight tension in the dura mater, flattening of the gyri and narrowing of the sulci were also observed at four days post infection (dpi). Enlarged perivascular spaces were detected for most vessels of the brain after three to four dpi.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rigid amphipathic fusion inhibitors (RAFIs) are a family of nucleoside derivatives that inhibit the infectivity of several enveloped viruses by interacting with virion envelope lipids and inhibiting fusion between viral and cellular membranes. Here we tested the antiviral activity of two RAFIs, 5-(Perylen-3-ylethynyl)-arabino-uridine (aUY11) and 5-(Perylen-3-ylethynyl)uracil-1-acetic acid (cm1UY11) against African swine fever virus (ASFV), for which no effective vaccine is available. Both compounds displayed a potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ASFV infection in Vero cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Flavonoids: promising natural compounds against viral infections.

Arch Virol

September 2017

Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Flavonoids are widely distributed as secondary metabolites produced by plants and play important roles in plant physiology, having a variety of potential biological benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. Different flavonoids have been investigated for their potential antiviral activities and several of them exhibited significant antiviral properties in in vitro and even in vivo studies. This review summarizes the evidence for antiviral activity of different flavonoids, highlighting, where investigated, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action on viruses.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) usually has been defined as the combination of a proliferation of cytologically benign, actively phagocytic macrophages in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, etc. in association with fever, cytopenia, splenomegaly, and hypertriglyceridemia. HLH is often triggered by viral infection.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Aim: The research was conducted to understand more profoundly the pathogenetic aspects of the acute form of the African swine fever (ASF).

Materials And Methods: A total of 10 pigs were inoculated with ASF virus (ASFV) (genotype II) in the study of the red blood cells (RBCs), blood and urine biochemistry in the dynamics of disease.

Results: The major hematological differences observed in ASFV infected pigs were that the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and hematocrits were significantly decreased compared to controls, and the levels of erythropoietin were significantly increased.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most devastating diseases of domestic pigs for which no effective vaccines are available. Flavonoids, natural products isolated from plants, have been reported to have significant in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against different viruses. Here, we tested the antiviral effect of five flavonoids on the replication of ASFV in Vero cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF