1,706 results match your criteria: "Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics.[Affiliation]"

6-Bromoindirubin (6BrIR), found in Murex sea snails, is a precursor of indirubin-derivatives anticancer drugs. However, its synthesis remains limited due to uncharacterized biosynthetic pathways and difficulties in site-specific bromination and oxidation at the indole ring. Here, we present an efficient 6BrIR production strategy in Escherichia coli by using four enzymes, that is, tryptophan 6-halogenase fused with flavin reductase Fre (Fre-L3-SttH), tryptophanase (TnaA), toluene 4-monooxygenase (PmT4MO), and flavin-containing monooxygenase (MaFMO).

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Implantable acousto-optic window for monitoring ultrasound-mediated neuromodulation .

Neurophotonics

July 2022

Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Suwon, Republic of Korea.

Ultrasound has recently received considerable attention in neuroscience because it provides noninvasive control of deep brain activity. Although the feasibility of ultrasound stimulation has been reported in preclinical and clinical settings, its mechanistic understanding remains limited. While optical microscopy has become the "gold standard" tool for investigating population-level neural functions , its application for ultrasound neuromodulation has been technically challenging, as most conventional ultrasonic transducers are not designed to be compatible with optical microscopy.

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Beyond well-assessed risk factors, cardiovascular events could be also associated with the presence of epigenetic and genetic alterations, such as the methylenetetrahydrofolate-reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism. This gene variant is related to increased circulating levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and cardiovascular risk. However, heterozygous carriers have an augmented risk of cardiovascular accidents independently from normal Hcy levels, suggesting the presence of additional deregulated processes in MTHFR C677T carriers.

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Background: Mutations in , which encodes the intracellular glucose transporter G6PT, cause the rare glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b). A long-term consequence of GSD1b is kidney failure, which requires KRT. The main protein markers of proximal tubule function, including NaPi2A, NHE3, SGLT2, GLUT2, and AQP1, are downregulated as part of the disease phenotype.

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The nervous system and the kidneys are linked under physiological states to maintain normal body homeostasis. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), damaged kidneys can impair the central nervous system, including cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment (CI). Recently, kidney disease has been proposed as a new modifiable risk factor for dementia.

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Targeted erasure of DNA methylation by TET3 drives adipogenic reprogramming and differentiation.

Nat Metab

July 2022

Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.

Article Synopsis
  • DNA methylation plays a vital role in defining cell-type characteristics, but its selective reprogramming during fat cell (adipocyte) development is still not fully understood.
  • The study reveals that the transcription factor C/EBPδ and the DNA methylation eraser TET3 work together to regulate adipocyte differentiation by catalyzing DNA demethylation at specific loci.
  • This targeted reprogramming enhances the activity of genes related to fat cell development, showing potential in recovering adipogenic ability in aging individuals.
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Novel antibiotic combinations may act synergistically to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens but predicting which combination will be successful is difficult, and standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing may not identify important physiological differences between planktonic free-swimming and biofilm-protected surface-attached sessile cells. Using a nominally macrolide-resistant model Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (ATCC 10031) we demonstrate the effectiveness of several macrolides in inhibiting biofilm growth in multi-well plates, and the ability of azithromycin (AZM) to improve the effectiveness of the antibacterial last-agent-of-choice for K. pneumoniae infections, colistin methanesulfonate (CMS), against biofilms.

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Differentiation and homeostasis of effector Treg cells are regulated by inositol polyphosphates modulating Ca influx.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

July 2022

School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Activated Foxp3 regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiate into effector Treg (eTreg) cells to maintain peripheral immune homeostasis and tolerance. T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated induction and regulation of store-operated Ca entry (SOCE) is essential for eTreg cell differentiation and function. However, SOCE regulation in Treg cells remains unclear.

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Melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) used for biomedical applications are often synthesized the chemical auto-oxidation of catecholic monomers such as dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) under alkaline conditions. However, the synthetic method for the chemical synthesis of MNP (cMNP) is relatively straightforward and more robust to control their homogenous particle size and morphology than the corresponding enzymatic synthetic methods. In this study, we demonstrated that the simple enzymatic synthesis of MNPs (eMNPs) with homogenous and soluble (<20 nm diameter) properties is possible using dopamine and tyrosinase (Ty) under acidic conditions (, pH 3.

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Recovery of the contractile function of the heart and the regeneration of the myocardium after ischemic injury are contemporary issues in regenerative medicine and cell biology. This study aimed to analyze early transcriptional events in cardiac tissue after infarction and to explore the cell population that can be isolated from myocardial tissue. We induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery and showed a change in the expression pattern of Notch-associated genes and in post-MI tissues using RNA sequencing and RT-PCR.

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The spread of antibiotic resistance is becoming a serious global health concern. Numerous studies have been done to investigate the dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in both indoor and outdoor environments. Nonetheless, few studies are available about the dynamics of the antibiotic resistome (total content of ARGs in the microbial cultures or communities) under stress in outer space environments.

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The rhizosphere microbiome of the native Antarctic hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica from the central maritime Antarctic was investigated using 16S RNA metagenomics and compared to those of the second native Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis and closely related temperate D. cespitosa. The rhizosphere microbial communities of D.

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Article Synopsis
  • The CBX2 protein, part of the PRC1 complex, is found to be overexpressed in leukemia and may play a significant role in cancer cell survival and leukemic pathogenesis.
  • Researchers used reverse genetic methods and various assays to study the effects of silencing CBX2 in human leukemia cell lines, discovering that reduced levels lead to decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis.
  • The study indicates that targeting CBX2 could alter epigenetic regulation and transcriptional programs in leukemia, suggesting that the CBX2-p38 MAPK pathway may be a promising target for new therapies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
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Shall We Begin the Voyage of Adipose Tissue Exploration? A comprehensive atlas of adipose tissue at the single-cell level.

Mol Cells

June 2022

National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

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Adipocyte HIF2α functions as a thermostat via PKA Cα regulation in beige adipocytes.

Nat Commun

June 2022

Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.

Thermogenic adipocytes generate heat to maintain body temperature against hypothermia in response to cold. Although tight regulation of thermogenesis is required to prevent energy sources depletion, the molecular details that tune thermogenesis are not thoroughly understood. Here, we demonstrate that adipocyte hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) plays a key role in calibrating thermogenic function upon cold and re-warming.

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Background: Conventionally, breast cancer (BC) prognosis and prediction of response to therapy are based on TNM staging, histological and molecular subtype, as well as genetic alterations. The role of various epigenetic factors has been elucidated in carcinogenesis. However, it is still unknown to what extent miRNAs affect the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

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The present research has been undertaken to study the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of neuroinflammation-induced cognitive disorders. Either umbilical cord or adipose MSCs were injected into mice treated with lipopolysaccharide. The mice were studied in behavioral tests, and their brains were examined by means of immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and sandwich ELISA.

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ColabFold offers accelerated prediction of protein structures and complexes by combining the fast homology search of MMseqs2 with AlphaFold2 or RoseTTAFold. ColabFold's 40-60-fold faster search and optimized model utilization enables prediction of close to 1,000 structures per day on a server with one graphics processing unit. Coupled with Google Colaboratory, ColabFold becomes a free and accessible platform for protein folding.

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Partial 18S ribosomal DNA sequences of nematode species collected in South Korea.

MicroPubl Biol

April 2022

IMBG, RIBS, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Free-living nematodes are important model organisms in biology, and they can be collected from various materials including rotten fruit, plant, and soil. In order to explore the diversity of free-living nematodes in South Korea, we collected and isolated nematodes from rotten fruit matter from Seoul and Jeju island. Here, we report partial 18S ribosomal DNA sequences of the nematodes that we collected in South Korea between June and July of 2021.

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Template for alternative lengthening of telomeres 1 (TALT1) is a specific sequence used to protect chromosomal ends from telomere damage first identified in the CB4856 strain of . Here we assembled the genome of DL226, a wild strain with one more copy of TALT1-like sequences in its genome compared to those of CB4856, using long-read DNA sequencing. We found that a five-copy array of short telomeric repeats and TALT1s present in CB4856 were changed to a six-copy array due to the duplication of the third copy; there was an additional damage-repair trace in the new short telomeric repeat near the newly replicated TALT1.

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The survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein is a major component of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery and is required for RNA metabolism. Although SMN has been considered a fundamental gene for the central nervous system, due to its relationship with neuromuscular diseases, such as spinal muscular atrophy, recent studies have also revealed the requirement of SMN in non-neuronal cells in the peripheral regions. Here, we report that the fibro-adipogenic progenitor subpopulation expressing Dpp4 (Dpp4+ FAPs) is required for the neuromuscular system.

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Article Synopsis
  • ClpP is a tetradecameric serine peptidase that functions as an ATP-dependent protease when paired with Clp-ATPases, playing key roles in various physiological processes.
  • Acyldepsipeptides (ADEPs) can activate ClpP independently of ATPases, showing promise as new antibiotics by causing dysregulation of the enzyme.
  • The study details crystal structures of ClpP from Bacillus subtilis, reveals multiple conformational states influenced by pH, and explores the connection between substrate hydrolysis and pH changes related to product release.
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Twist2-driven chromatin remodeling governs the postnatal maturation of dermal fibroblasts.

Cell Rep

May 2022

Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea. Electronic address:

Dermal fibroblasts lose stem cell potency after birth, which prevents regenerative healing. However, the underlying intracellular mechanisms are largely unknown. We uncover the postnatal maturation of papillary fibroblasts (PFs) driven by the extensive Twist2-mediated remodeling of chromatin accessibility.

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Background: Approximately 15% to 24% of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and 25-35% of primary myelofibrosis cases carry a mutation in the calreticulin (CALR) gene. Sanger sequencing, qPCR, high resolution melt or targeted next generation sequencing usually used to detect these mutations are expensive and require costly equipment. Nevertheless, type 1 CALR mutations are detectable by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis.

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Decomposition of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO) by FeO nanoparticle: density functional theory study.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

September 2022

Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, P.O. Box 17910, 1325 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.

To obtain more insight into the mechanisms of the decomposition of energetic compounds, we performed a computational study of the interaction of FeO nanoparticles with two energetic molecules such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO). The density functional theory using M06-2X, B3LYP, and BLYP density functionals was applied. We found that the reactivity of these molecules strongly depends on the place of adsorption (so-called top and bottom planes of FeO).

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