Strength of Genetic Associations with Thyrotropin Values Differs Between Populations with Similarity to African and European Reference Populations.

Epidemiological data suggest the population distribution of thyrotropin (TSH) values is shifted toward lower values in self-identified Black non-Hispanic individuals compared with self-identified White non-Hispanic individuals. It is unknown whether genetic differences between individuals with genetic similarities to African reference populations (GSA) and those with similarities to European reference populations (GSE) contribute to these observed differences. We aimed to compare genome-wide associations with TSH and putative causal TSH-associated variants between GSA and GSE groups.

Single-Cell Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals Immune Landscape of Monkeypox Patients with HIV.

The monkeypox (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 is more prevalent among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While it is plausible that HIV-induced immunosuppression could result in a more severe progression, the exact mechanisms remain undetermined. To better understand the immunopathology of MPXV in patients with and without HIV infection, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 6 patients hospitalized for MPXV, 3 of whom had HIV infection (HIV antibody positive & HIV RNA level below the detection limit), and 3 patients only infected with MPXV (HIV-).

Novel Strategy of Antibody Affinity Maturation and Enhancement of Nucleolin-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive subtype of breast cancer that remains an unmet medical need. Because TNBC cells do not express the most common markers of breast cancers, there is an active search for novel molecular targets in triple-negative tumors. Additionally, this subtype of breast cancer presents strong immunogenic characteristics which have been encouraging the development of immunotherapeutic approaches against the disease.

Occurrence and clinical correlates of SARS-CoV-2 viremia in two German patient cohorts.

Viremia defined as detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the blood is a potential marker of disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Here, we determined the frequency of viremia in serum of two independent COVID-19 patient cohorts within the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (German: tionales andemie horten etzwerk, NAPKON) with diagnostic RT-PCR against SARS-CoV-2. A cross-sectional cohort with 1,122 COVID-19 patients (German: , SUEP) and 299 patients recruited in a high-resolution platform with patients at high risk to develop severe courses (German: , HAP) were tested for viremia.

Pharmacological Dissection Identifies Retatrutide Overcomes the Therapeutic Barrier of Obese TNBC Treatments through Suppressing the Interplay between Glycosylation and Ubiquitylation of YAP.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in obese patients remains challenging. Recent studies have linked obesity to an increased risk of TNBC and malignancies. Through multiomic analysis and experimental validation, a dysfunctional Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 Subunit H (EIF3H)/Yes-associated protein (YAP) proteolytic axis is identified as a pivotal junction mediating the interplay between cancer-associated adipocytes and the response to anti-cancer drugs in TNBC.

TBC1D20 coordinates vesicle transport and actin remodeling to regulate ciliogenesis.

TBC1D20 deficiency causes Warburg Micro Syndrome in humans, characterized by multiple eye abnormalities, severe intellectual disability, and abnormal sexual development, but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we identify TBC1D20 as a novel Rab11 GTPase-activating protein that coordinates vesicle transport and actin remodeling to regulate ciliogenesis. Depletion of TBC1D20 promotes Rab11 vesicle accumulation and actin deconstruction around the centrosome, facilitating the initiation of ciliogenesis even in cycling cells.

Continuous Blood Gas Control Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control During Ex Vivo Porcine Liver Perfusion.

Background: Membrane oxygenators facilitate extracorporeal gas exchange, necessitating the monitoring of blood gas. Recent advances in normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) for ex vivo liver offer solutions to the shortage of donor liver. However, maintaining physiological blood gas levels during prolonged NMP is complex and costly.

Extracellular vesicles in malaria: proteomics insights, and studies indicate the need for transitioning to natural human infections.

Globally, an estimated 2.1 billion malaria cases and 11.7 million malaria deaths were averted in the period 2000-2022.

A Clinical Metaproteomics Workflow Implemented within Galaxy Bioinformatics Platform to Analyze Host-Microbiome Interactions Underlying Human Disease.

Clinical metaproteomics reveals host-microbiome interactions underlying diseases. However, challenges to this approach exist. In particular, the characterization of microbial proteins present in low abundance relative to host proteins is difficult.

Breaking down silos and echo chambers: Adolescence through an interdisciplinary lens.

Research on adolescence occurs across a variety of disciplines, including education, psychology, sociology, public health, biology, and medicine, among other fields, each with its own definition of the most pressing problems, levels of analysis, and proposed solutions. There is widespread recognition that human development occurs across levels simultaneously from molecular changes to broader cultural systems. Yet it remains challenging to integrate across levels and scholarly disciplines.

Structure-Guided Optimization and Preclinical Evaluation of 6--Benzylguanine-Based Pin1 Inhibitor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and the need for effective systemic therapies for HCC is urgent. Our previous work reveals that Pin1 is a potential anti-HCC target, which regulates miRNA biogenesis and identifies as a novel Pin1 inhibitor to suppresses HCC. However, a great demand in HCC therapy as well as the limited chemical stability and pharmacokinetic feature of motivated us to find improved Pin1 inhibitors.

DUSP12 promotes cell cycle progression and protects cells from cell death by regulating ZPR9.

Protein phosphatases are critical for regulating cell signaling, cell cycle, and cell fate decisions, and their dysregulation leads to an array of human diseases like cancer. The dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) have emerged as important factors driving tumorigenesis and cancer therapy resistance. DUSP12 is a poorly characterized atypical DUSP widely conserved throughout evolution.

Modification of Non-photochemical Quenching Pathways in the C Model Plant Revealed Shared and Unique Photoprotection Mechanisms as Compared to C Plants.

Light is essential for photosynthesis; however, excess light can increase the accumulation of photoinhibitory reactive oxygen species that reduce photosynthetic efficiency. Plants have evolved photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) pathways to dissipate excess light energy. In tobacco and soybean (C plants), overexpression of three NPQ genes, e (VDE), (PsbS), and (ZEP), hereafter VPZ, resulted in faster NPQ induction and relaxation kinetics, and increased crop yields in field conditions.

Functional characterization of eicosanoid signaling in development.

20-carbon fatty acid-derived eicosanoids are versatile signaling oxylipins in mammals. In particular, a group of eicosanoids termed prostanoids are involved in multiple physiological processes, such as reproduction and immune responses. Although some eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) have been detected in some insect species, molecular mechanisms of eicosanoid synthesis and signal transduction in insects have been poorly investigated.

From macro to micro: De novo genomes of Aedes mosquitoes enable comparative genomics among close and distant relatives.

The yellow fever mosquito () is an organism of high medical importance because it is the primary vector for diseases such as yellow fever, Zika, dengue, and chikungunya. Its medical importance has made it a subject of numerous efforts to understand their biology. One such effort, was the development of a high-quality reference genome (AaegL5).

Combinatorial phenotypic landscape enables bacterial resistance to phage infection.

Success of phage therapies is limited by bacterial defenses against phages. While a large variety of anti-phage defense mechanisms has been characterized, how expression of these systems is distributed across individual cells and how their combined activities translate into protection from phages has not been studied. Using bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing, we profiled the transcriptomes of ~50,000 cells from cultures of a human pathobiont, , infected with a lytic bacteriophage.

Enforced E-selectin ligand installation enhances homing and efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells.

Adoptive T-cell transfer has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, this approach has had very limited success in treating solid tumors, largely due to inadequate infiltration of vascularly administered T cells at tumor sites. The shear-resistant interaction between endothelial E-selectin and its cognate ligand expressed on leukocytes, sialyl Lewis X (sLe), is an essential prerequisite for extravasation of circulating leukocytes.

A molecular module improves rice grain quality and yield at high temperatures.

Excessive temperatures during grain filling can compromise endosperm starch biosynthesis and decrease grain quality and yield in rice. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these remain unclear. Here, we show that heat shock protein OsHsp40-1 interacts with and elevates the ATPase activity of OsHsp70-2 in rice.

FOXP2-immunoreactive corticothalamic neurons in neocortical layers 6a and 6b are tightly regulated by neuromodulatory systems.

The / gene, linked to fine motor control in vertebrates, is a potential candidate gene thought to play a prominent role in human language production. It is expressed specifically in a subset of corticothalamic (CT) pyramidal cells (PCs) in layer 6 (L6) of the neocortex. These L6 FOXP2+ PCs project exclusively to the thalamus, with L6a PCs targeting first-order or both first- and higher-order thalamic nuclei, whereas L6b PCs connect only to higher-order nuclei.

Abundant repressor binding sites in human enhancers are associated with the fine-tuning of gene regulation.

The regulation of gene expression relies on the coordinated action of transcription factors (TFs) at enhancers, including both activator and repressor TFs. We employed deep learning (DL) to dissect HepG2 enhancers into positive (PAR), negative (NAR), and neutral activity regions. Sharpr-MPRA and STARR-seq highlight the dichotomy impact of NARs and PARs on modulating and catalyzing the activity of enhancers, respectively.

Deep learning uncovers histological patterns of YAP1/TEAD activity related to disease aggressiveness in cancer patients.

Over the last decade, Hippo signaling has emerged as a major tumor-suppressing pathway. Its dysregulation is associated with abnormal expression of and -family genes. Recent works have highlighted the role of YAP1/TEAD activity in several cancers and its potential therapeutic implications.

Primitive to visceral endoderm maturation is essential for mouse epiblast survival beyond implantation.

The implantation of the mouse blastocyst initiates a complex sequence of tissue remodeling and cell differentiation events required for morphogenesis, during which the extraembryonic primitive endoderm transitions into the visceral endoderm. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of embryos at embryonic day 5.0, shortly after implantation, we reveal that this transition is driven by dynamic signaling activities, notably the upregulation of BMP signaling and a transient increase in Sox7 expression.

Therapeutic Potential and Mechanistic Insights of a Novel Synthetic α-Lactalbumin-Derived Peptide for the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis.

Background: Liver fibrosis is a serious global health issue, but current treatment options are limited due to a lack of approved therapies capable of preventing or reversing established fibrosis.

Aim: This study investigated the antifibrotic effects of a synthetic peptide derived from α-lactalbumin in a mouse model of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis.

Methods: analyses were conducted to assess the physicochemical properties, pharmacophore features, and docking interactions of the peptide.

Massive endocytosis mechanisms are involved in uptake of HIV-1 particles by monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Introduction: HIV-1 exploits dendritic cells (DCs) to spread throughout the body via specific recognition of gangliosides present on the viral envelope by the CD169/Siglec-1 membrane receptor. This interaction triggers the internalization of HIV-1 within a structure known as the sac-like compartment. While the mechanism underlying sac-like compartment formation remains elusive, prior research indicates that the process is clathrin-independent and cell membrane cholesterol-dependent and involves transient disruption of cortical actin.