Old age as a risk factor for liver diseases: Modern therapeutic approaches.

Recent scientific interest has been directed towards age-related diseases, driven by the significant increase in global life expectancy and the growing population of individuals aged 65 and above. The ageing process encompasses various biological, physiological, environmental, psychological, behavioural, and social changes, leading to an augmented susceptibility to chronic illnesses. Cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, liver and oncological diseases are prevalent in the elderly.

Antitumor Activity of Bioactive Compounds from against Human Breast Cell Lines.

This study is the first report describing the promising antitumor activity of biologically active compounds isolated from the hemolymph of marine snail -a fraction with Mw between 50 and 100 kDa and two structural subunits (RvH1 and RvH2), tested on a panel of human breast cell lines-six lines of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-474, BT-549, SK-BR-3, and MCF-7 and the non-cancerous MCF-10A. The fraction with Mw 50-100 kDa (HRv 50-100) showed good antitumor activity manifested by a significant decrease in cell viability, altered morphology, autophagy, and p53 activation in treated cancer cells. An apparent synergistic effect was observed for the combination of HRv 50-100 with cis-platin for all tested cell lines.

Identification of Bulgarian Sourdough Microbiota by Metagenomic Approach Using Three Commercially Available DNA Extraction Protocols.

Research Background: Sourdough is a spontaneously formed, complex microbial ecosystem of various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast which, by producing specific metabolites, determines the quality of the baked products. In order to design and control the sourdough with preferred nutritional characteristics, it is crucial that the LAB diversity of the product of interest be elucidated.

Experimental Approach: Using the opportunities of next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the V1-V3 hypervariable gene region of 16S rRNA, we studied the microbial ecosystem of a whole grain sourdough made of , originating from Southwestern Bulgaria.

16S-rRNA-Based Metagenomic Profiling of the Bacterial Communities in Traditional Bulgarian Sourdoughs.

Sourdoughs (SDs) are spontaneously formed microbial ecosystems composed of various species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acid-tolerant yeasts in food matrices of cereal flours mixed with water. To date, more than 90 LAB species have been isolated, significantly impacting the organoleptic characteristics, shelf life, and health properties of bakery products. To learn more about the unique bacterial communities involved in creating regional Bulgarian sourdoughs, we examined the metacommunities of five sourdoughs produced by spontaneous fermentation and maintained by backslopping in bakeries from three geographic locations.

Pruning and thresholding approach for methylation risk scores in multi-ancestry populations.

Recent efforts have focused on developing methylation risk scores (MRS), a weighted sum of the individual's DNA methylation (DNAm) values of pre-selected CpG sites. Most of the current MRS approaches that utilize Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) summary statistics only include genome-wide significant CpG sites and do not consider co-methylation. New methods that relax the p-value threshold to include more CpG sites and account for the inter-correlation of DNAm might improve the predictive performance of MRS.

The Photobiomodulation of MAO-A Affects the Contractile Activity of Smooth Muscle Gastric Tissues.

Nowadays, the utilized electromagnetic radiation (ER) in modalities such as photobiomodulation (PBM) finds broader applications in medical practice due to the promising results suggested by numerous reports. To date, the published data do not allow for the in-depth elucidation of the molecular mechanisms through which ER impacts the human organism. Furthermore, there is a total lack of evidence justifying the relation between the enzymatic activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the spontaneous contractile activity of smooth muscle gastric tissues exposed to various light sources.

In Silico Identification of Multi-Target Ligands as Promising Hit Compounds for Neurodegenerative Diseases Drug Development.

The conventional treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is based on the "one molecule-one target" paradigm. To combat the multifactorial nature of NDDs, the focus is now shifted toward the development of small-molecule-based compounds that can modulate more than one protein target, known as "multi-target-directed ligands" (MTDLs), while having low affinity for proteins that are irrelevant for the therapy. The in silico approaches have demonstrated a potential to be a suitable tool for the identification of MTDLs as promising drug candidates with reduction in cost and time for research and development.

Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, Docking Calculations and Hydrolytic Stability Studies of Bioconjugates of Monofluorenated Analogue of BIM- 23052.

Background: The fight against cancer has started since its discovery and has not subsided to nowadays. Currently, the hybrid molecules have become a promising alternative to the standard chemotherapeutics for the treatment of multi-causal diseases, including cancers.

Objective: Herein, we report the synthesis, biological evaluation, mathematical docking calculations and hydrolytic stability of the new bioconjugates of monofluorinated analogues of BIM-23052, containing second pharmacophore naphthalimide, caffeic acid or the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp.

Effects of increasing concentrations of fungicide Quadris on bacterial functional profiling in loamy sand soil.

A mesocosm experiment was conducted to assess the side effects of the fungicide Quadris on soil bacterial functioning. Quadris was applied to a loamy sand soil at increasing concentrations (0.0-35.

Methods To Improve Molecular Detection of Salmonella in Complex Herbal Matrices Containing Inhibitors.

Abstract: Salmonella is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Molecular tests such as the PCR assay are rapid and sensitive and are increasingly becoming the preferred method for pathogen detection. However, the presence in the analyzed samples of substances that reduce the sensitivity of the assay or totally inhibit PCR amplification might result in failure of pathogen detection.

Photobiomodulation with 590 nm Wavelength Delays the Telomere Shortening and Replicative Senescence of Human Dermal Fibroblasts .

Cellular senescence is one of the major factors contributing to the aging process. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is known to trigger an array of cellular responses, but there are no data on how it affects the process of cellular senescence. In this study, we analyze the effect of PBM on the cellular senescence and telomere dynamics.

Linker histones and chromatin remodelling complexes maintain genome stability and control cellular ageing.

Linker histones are major players in chromatin organization and per se are essential players in genome homeostasis. As the fifth class of histone proteins the linker histones not only interact with DNA and core histones but also with other chromatin proteins. These interactions prove to be essential for the higher levels of chromatin organization like chromatin loops, transcription factories and chromosome territories.

Integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression in HeLa cells expressing low levels of Nucleolin.

Nucleolin is an essential protein that plays important roles in the regulation of cell cycle and cell proliferation. Its expression is up regulated in many cancer cells but its molecular functions are not well characterized. Nucleolin is present in the nucleus where it regulates gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

Protein and mRNA levels of YKL-40 in high-grade glioma.

Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumours, characterized by extreme proliferation and aggressive invasion. There is evidence for over-expression of the YKL40 gene in high-grade gliomas. The high serum levels of the glycoprotein are associated with poor prognosis of various inflammatory and tumour processes.