Mechanochemical synthesis and transformation of the polymorphic double carbonates fairchildite and buetschliite, (KCa(CO)): an X-ray powder diffraction study.

This study presents the mechanochemical synthesis of the two KCa(CO) polymorphs, fairchildite and buetschliite, from CaCO and KCO using a shaker mill. Unlike previous methods requiring high temperatures and prolonged heating, fairchildite, a high-temperature polymorph, is formed initially in all experiments, adhering to Ostwald's rule of stages. Notably, the transformation to the stable buetschliite phase can be achieved by varying milling parameters, particularly frequency and moisture content.

KNaCaSiO - the first oligosilicate based on [SiO]-hexamers and its stability compared to cyclosilicates.

Synthesis experiments were conducted in the quaternary system KO-NaO-CaO-SiO, resulting in the formation of a previously unknown compound with the composition KNaCaSiO. Single crystals of sufficient size and quality were recovered from a starting mixture with a KO:NaO:CaO:SiO molar ratio of 1.5:0.

Transfer of sulfur and chalcophile metals via sulfide-volatile compound drops in the Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field.

Efficient transfer of S and chalcophile metals through the Earth's crust in arc systems is paramount for the formation of large magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits. The formation of sulfide-volatile compound drops has been recognized as a potential key mechanism for such transfer but their fate during dynamic arc magmatism remains cryptic. Combining elemental mapping and in-situ mineral analyzes we reconstruct the evolution of compound drops in the active Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field.

Synthesis and Characterization of Single Crystal Zircon-Hafnon ZrHfSiO Solid Solutions and the Comparison with the Reaction Products of a TEOS-Based Hydrothermal Route.

Two synthesis routes of the zircon-hafnon solid solution series were carried out. The high-temperature route uses the growth of single crystals via a flux mixture that has been cooled down slowly from 1400 °C over 4 weeks. The reaction products were colorless and idiomorphic without byproducts.

Intravenous iron-induced hypophosphatemia and kidney stone disease.

Patients with Crohn's disease are at increased risk for symptomatic nephrolithiasis. Stones in these patients are most commonly composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate or mixed calcium-oxalate and calcium-phosphate. Precipitation of both minerals depends on urinary pH, calcium, phosphate and oxalate excretion.

Suitability of Fourier transform infrared microscopy for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in human tissue sections.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a global health concern caused by cestodes, posing diagnostic challenges due to nonspecific symptoms and inconclusive radiographic results. Diagnosis relies on histopathological evaluation of affected tissue, demanding comprehensive tools. In this retrospective case study, Fourier transform infrared microscopy was explored for detecting and identifying CE through biochemical changes in human tissue sections.

Investigations on the polymorphism of KCaSiO at elevated temperatures.

In the present study, single crystals and polycrystalline material of KCaSiO were prepared from solid-state reactions between stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding oxides/carbonates. Heat capacity ( ) measurements above room temperature using a differential scanning calorimeter indicated that two thermal effects occurred at approximately  = 462 K and  = 667 K, indicating the presence of structural phase transitions. The standard third-law entropy of KCaSiO was determined from low-temperature 's measured by relaxation calorimetry using a Physical Properties Measurement System and amounts to °(298K) = 524.

Vibrational entropy of disordering in omphacite.

Unlabelled: The cations of an ordered omphacite from the Tauern window were gradually disordered in piston cylinder experiments at temperatures between 850 and 1150 °C. The samples were examined by X-ray powder diffraction and then investigated using low-temperature calorimetry and IR spectroscopy. The low-temperature heat capacity data were used to obtain the vibrational entropies, and the line broadening of the IR spectra served as a tool to investigate the disordering enthalpy.

Deep learning analysis of mid-infrared microscopic imaging data for the diagnosis and classification of human lymphomas.

The present study presents an alternative analytical workflow that combines mid-infrared (MIR) microscopic imaging and deep learning to diagnose human lymphoma and differentiate between small and large cell lymphoma. We could show that using a deep learning approach to analyze MIR hyperspectral data obtained from benign and malignant lymph node pathology results in high accuracy for correct classification, learning the distinct region of 3900 to 850 cm . The accuracy is above 95% for every pair of malignant lymphoid tissue and still above 90% for the distinction between benign and malignant lymphoid tissue for binary classification.

High-Pressure and High-Temperature Dion-Jacobson Layered Perovskite Polymorphs of KWO F.

Two new Dion-Jacobson layered perovskite polymorphs of the known oxyfluoride compound KWO F are reported. A high-pressure modification was synthesized using a multianvil setup and subsequently transformed into a high-temperature phase at ∼311 °C. The crystal structures of both polymorphs were determined by use of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and are described in detail herein.

Nanoarchitectonics of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) coated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for Enzyme-Triggered charge reversal.

Hypothesis: Combined usage of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) coating and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - responsive charge reversal strategies can improve the cellular internalisation of the colloidal drug delivery systems by also decreasing their cytotoxic effects.

Experiments: Anionic core NLCs were formed by combining the melt emulsification method and ultrasonication. The resulting core NLCs were coated sequentially first with protamine (Prot NLCs) and then with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) or sodium polyphosphate (Graham's salt, PP) generating TPP or PP NLCs, respectively.

Dynamically disordered hydrogen bonds in the hureaulite-type phosphatic oxyhydroxide Mn[(PO)(PO(OH))](HOH).

We report the temperature evolution of hydrogen bond (HB) chains and rings in Mn[(PO)(PO(OH))](HOH) to reveal conduction pathways based on difference Fourier maps with neutron- and synchrotron x-ray diffraction data. Localized proton dynamics for the five distinct hydrogen sites were observed and identified in this study. Their temperature evaluation over ten orders of magnitude in time was followed by means of quasielastic neutron scattering, dielectric spectroscopy, and ab initio molecular dynamics.

Application of mid-infrared microscopic imaging for the diagnosis and classification of human lymphomas.

Mid-infrared (MIR) microscopic imaging of indolent and aggressive lymphomas was performed including formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of six follicular lymphomas and 12 diffuse large B-cell-lymphomas as well as reactive lymph nodes to investigate benefits and challenges for lymphoma diagnosis. MIR images were compared to defined pathological characteristics such as indolent versus aggressive versus reactive, germinal centre versus activated cell-of-origin (COO) subtypes, or a low versus a high proliferative index and level of PD-L1 expression. We demonstrated that MIR microscopic imaging can differentiate between reactive lymph nodes, indolent and aggressive lymphoma samples.

Solidification of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): Impact on storage stability of a therapeutic protein.

Four solidification methods for self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) were compared to evaluate the impact of solidification on storage stability of an incorporated protein. Papain was loaded in SEDDS via hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP). Liquid SEDDS (l-SEDDS) were either solidified by adsorption to solid excipients such as magnesium-aluminometasilicate via wet granulation (s-SEDDS) and carbohydrates via lyophilisation (s-SEDDS) or by incorporation of high-melting PEG-surfactants (s-SEDDS) and triglycerides (s-SEDDS) in SEDDS preconcentrates.

The Eight Hydrates of Strychnine Sulfate.

Commercial samples of strychnine sulfate were used as the starting material in crystallization experiments accompanied by stability studies. Eight hydrate forms (-), including five novel hydrates, were verified. The crystal structures of ("pentahydrate") and ("hexahydrate") were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.

Structural elucidation of triclinic and monoclinic SFCA-III - killing two birds with one stone.

A part of the system CaO-SiO-AlO-FeO-MgO which is of relevance to iron-ore sintering has been studied in detail. For a bulk composition corresponding to 10.45 wt% CaO, 5.

Multivariate Statistical and Multiproxy Constraints on Earthquake-Triggered Sediment Remobilization Processes in the Central Japan Trench.

Understanding the impact of earthquakes on subaqueous environments is key for submarine paleoseismological investigations seeking to provide long-term records of past earthquakes. For this purpose, event deposits (e.g.

Febuxostat ethanol monosolvate.

The title compound, 2-(3-cyano-4-iso-but-oxyphen-yl)-4-methyl-1,3-thia-zole-5-car-b-oxy-lic acid ethanol monosolvate, CHNOS·CHO, (I), displays inter-molecular O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N bonds in which the carboxyl group of the febuxostat mol-ecule and the hydroxyl group of the ethanol mol-ecule serve as hydrogen-bond donor sites. These inter-actions result in a helical hydrogen-bonded chain structure. The title structure is isostructural with a previously reported methanol analogue.

Synthesis and crystal structures of two 1,3-di(alk-yloxy)-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)imidazolium tetra-fluorido-borates.

Two salts were prepared by methyl-ation of the respective imidazoline-2-thione at the sulfur atom, using Meerwein's salt (tri-methyl-oxonium tetra-fluorido-borate) in CHCl. 1,3-Dimeth-oxy-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)imidazolium tetra-fluorido-borate (), CHNOS·BF , displays a conformation of its two meth-oxy groups relative to each other whereas the two benz-yloxy groups present in 1,3-dibenz-yloxy-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)imidazolium tetra-fluorido-borate (), CHNOS·BF , adopt an conformation. In the mol-ecules of and , the methyl-sulfanyl group is rotated out of the plane of the respective heterocyclic ring.

Spectroscopic and structural investigations of blue afwillite from Ma'ale Adummim locality, Palestinian Autonomy.

Until now, only the colourless crystals of mineral afwillite, Ca(HSiO)·2HO, were known from several localities around the world. Present work focuses on blue afwillite counterparts from the Ma'ale Adummim locality in Palestine. Using the wide spectrum of analytical methods we attempted to identify the causes of this unusual colour.

Zeta Potential Changing Polyphosphate Nanoparticles: A Promising Approach To Overcome the Mucus and Epithelial Barrier.

The aim of the present study was to develop zeta potential-changing polyphosphate nanoparticles (pp-NPs) in order to overcome the diffusion barrier of the mucus gel layer and to provide an enhanced cellular uptake. pp-NPs were obtained by in situ gelation between cationic polyethylene imine and anionic polyphosphate. The resulting pp-NPs were characterized with regard to size and zeta potential.

Crystal structure of idelalisib -butanol monosolvate dihydrate.

In the title structure, 5-fluoro-3-phenyl-2-[(1)-1-(9-purin-6-yl-amino)-prop-yl]quinazolin-4(3)-one (= idelalisib) -butanol monosolvate dihydrate, CHFNO·CHO·2HO, the idelalisib mol-ecule displays planar quinazoline and purine systems which are nearly perpendicular to one another. Seven distinct hydrogen-bonding inter-actions link the idelalisib, -BuOH and water mol-ecules into a complex chain structure with the topology of a 2,3,4,5-connected 4-nodal net having the point symbol (3.4.

S-protected gellan gum: Decisive approach towards mucoadhesive antimicrobial vaginal films.

The aim of this study was to synthesize novel polymeric excipients forming mucoadhesive films for treatment of vaginal microbial infections. 2-(2-Amino ethyldisulfanyl) nicotinic acid was conjugated with gellan gum via amide bond formation. The structure of the resulting S-protected gellan gum was confirmed by H NMR.

Molecular Level Understanding of the Reversible Phase Transformation between Forms III and II of Dapsone.

The reversible solid-state phase transformation between the neat forms and of dapsone (DDS) was studied using thermal analytical methods, variable temperature X-ray diffraction and solid-state modeling at the electronic level. The first order ↔ phase transformation occurs at 78 ± 4 °C with a heat of transition of 2 kJ mol and a small hysteresis. The two isosymmetric polymorphs (both 222) differ only in movement of layers of molecules and show a small variation in conformation.