156 results match your criteria: "Institute of Metals[Affiliation]"

Extracellular nanoparticles (EPs) are a subject of increasing interest for their biological role as mediators in cell-cell communication; however, their harvesting and assessment from bodily fluids are challenging, as processing can significantly affect samples. With the aim of minimizing processing artifacts, we assessed the number density () and hydrodynamic diameter () of EPs directly in diluted plasma and blood using the following recently developed technique: interferometric light microscopy (ILM). We analyzed 613 blood and plasma samples from human patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), collected in trisodium citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulants, and 163 blood and plasma samples from canine patients with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS).

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Coarsening is a very common phenomenon that has a crucial impact on the average grain size and properties of materials. However, our current understanding of coarsening is mainly based on the mean-field theories or ex situ observations, and the influence of transient process-related phenomena, such as grain rotation, inverse growth, etc., on coarsening was not considered.

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Microplastics is recognized as an emerging pollutant and adapting and harmonizing existing test methods is essential to advancing research. The aim of our work was to provide a case study on how to ensure quality and FAIR data in the assessment of microplastic hazards with the unicellular organism Tetrahymena thermophila (Protozoa, Ciliata). We selected high density polyethylene (HDPE) microplastics as a model material.

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This research explores how variations in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters-laser power (), scanning speed (), and base plate preheating temperature ()-affect the mechanical properties of the EOS Co-Cr SP2 dental alloy. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the process parameters. Mechanical testing focused on crucial properties for dental applications, including yield strength (), elongation (), toughness (), and flexural strength ().

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Magnesium and its alloys, valued for their lightweight and durable characteristics, have garnered increasing attention for biomedical applications due to their exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability. This work introduces a comparison of advanced and basic methods-laser texturing and sandblasting-on magnesium surfaces to enhance bioactivity for biomedical applications. Employing a comprehensive analysis spanning surface morphology, hardness, wettability, tribological performance, and corrosion behavior, this study elucidates the intricate relationship between varied surface treatments and magnesium's performance.

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The Effect of Different Surfactants and Polyelectrolytes on Nano-Vesiculation of Artificial and Cellular Membranes.

Molecules

September 2024

University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Chair for Physical Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Nano- and micro-sized vesicular and colloidal structures mediate cell-cell communication. They are important players in the physiology of plants, animals, and humans, and are a subject of increasing interest. We investigated the effect of three surfactants, N-cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Triton X-100 (TX100), and two anionic polyelectrolytes, sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) and sodium polymethacrylate (NaPMA), on nanoliposomes.

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This paper presents the results of an analysis of resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and offers solutions and technologies for manufacturing castings of components for critical applications, such as blades for gas turbine engines (GTEs). The values of the technological parameters for directional crystallization (DC) are determined, allowing the production of castings with a regular dendritic structure of the crystallization front in the range of 10 to 12 mm/min and a temperature gradient at the crystallization front in the range of 165-175 °C/cm. The technological process of making GTE blades has been improved by using a scheme for obtaining disposable models of complex profile castings with the use of 3D printing for the manufacture of ceramic molds.

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Structural and Magnetic Properties of -Site-Ordered CuTiO ( = Dy, Ho, and Er) Double-Perovskite Oxides with Significant Cryogenic Magnetocaloric Performance.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

September 2024

Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province & School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, China.

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is currently intensively investigated in various rare earths ()-containing magnetic solids, not only for developing appropriate magnetocaloric materials (MCMs) for cryogenic magnetic cooling but also for deepening our understanding into the inherent physical properties of these materials. Here, we provide a systematic experimental investigation into a series of new CuTiO ( = Dy, Ho, Er) double-perovskite (DP) oxides regarding the structural and magnetic properties, especially for their cryogenic MCE and magnetic-phase transition (MPT). All of these CuTiO oxides crystallize in a -site-ordered hexagonal DP-type structure with the symmetry of the crystallographic space group 6̅2.

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Electrolyzers operate over a range of temperatures; hence, it is crucial to design electrocatalysts that do not compromise the product distribution unless temperature can promote selectivity. This work reports a synthetic approach based on electrospinning to produce NiO:SnO nanofibers (NFs) for selectively reducing CO to formate above room temperature. The NFs comprise compact but disjoined NiO and SnO nanocrystals identified with STEM.

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Anisotropy of Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials.

Materials (Basel)

July 2024

Institute of Metals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that builds parts layer by layer. Over the past decade, metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology has developed rapidly to form a complete industry chain. AM metal parts are employed in a multitude of industries, including biomedical, aerospace, automotive, marine, and offshore.

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Neurogenesis is the process by which new brain cells are formed. This crucial event emerges during embryonic life and proceeds in adulthood, and it could be influenced by environmental pollution. Non-combustion-derived magnetite represents a portion of the coarse particulate matter (PM) contributing to air and water pollution in urban settings.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study examined the impact of micro-threaded stem taper surfaces on issues like premature failures, aseptic loosening, and infection in cementless hip replacements.
  • Researchers analyzed both new and retrieved stem tapers using advanced techniques like SEM and EDS to understand their surface properties and corrosion behavior.
  • Findings indicated that ceramic heads on hip implants led to lower corrosion rates and fewer premature failures, suggesting they are beneficial for improving the longevity of total hip arthroplasty.
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Adhesive bonding has proven to be a reliable method of joining materials, and the development of new adhesives has made it possible to use bonding in a variety of applications. This article addresses the challenges of bonding metals such as the aluminum alloy EN AW-5754 and the stainless steel X5CrNi18-10. In this study, the effects of laser cleaning and texturing on the surface properties and strength of two bonded joints were investigated and compared with mechanical preparation (hand sanding with Scotch-Brite and P180 sandpaper).

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Corrosion Behavior of Ni-Cr Alloys with Different Cr Contents in NaCl-KCl-MgCl.

Materials (Basel)

May 2024

Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.

This study investigates the corrosion behavior of Ni-Cr binary alloys, including Ni-10Cr, Ni-15Cr, Ni-20Cr, Ni-25Cr, and Ni-30Cr, in a NaCl-KCl-MgCl molten salt mixture through gravimetric analysis. Corrosion tests were conducted at 700 °C, with the maximum immersion time reaching up to 100 h. The corrosion rate was determined by measuring the mass loss of the specimens at various time intervals.

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In this study, a novel fabrication method was used to synthesize phenolic resin/phosphate hybrid coatings using aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (Al(HPO), hereafter denoted as Al), SC101 silica sol (Si) as the primary film-forming agent, and phenolic resin (PF) as the organic matrix. This approach culminated in the formation of Al+Si+PF organo-inorganic hybrid coatings. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the successful integration of hybrid structures within these coatings.

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Overcoming strength-ductility tradeoff with high pressure thermal treatment.

Nat Commun

May 2024

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Conventional material processing approaches often achieve strengthening of materials at the cost of reduced ductility. Here, we show that high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) treatment can help overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in structural materials. We report an initially strong-yet-brittle eutectic high entropy alloy simultaneously doubling its strength to 1150 MPa and its tensile ductility to 36% after the HPHT treatment.

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Nicotine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are overexpressed in numerous cancer types, leading to signaling pathways that increase lung cancer invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, the effects of APS12-2, a synthetic analog of marine sponge toxin that acts as an antagonist of nAChRs, was investigated in vitro on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and non-tumorigenic human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. In addition, gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) loaded with APS12-2 (APS12-2-GNPs) were prepared and their effects were compared with those of free APS12-2.

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Lutetium-Induced Ultrafine PtRu Nanoclusters with a High Electrochemical Surface Area for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells at Alleviated Temperatures.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

April 2024

State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.

PtRu alloys have been recognized as the state-of-the-art catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). However, their applications in DMFCs are still less efficient in terms of both catalytic activity and durability. Rare earth (RE) metals have been recognized as attractive elements to tune the catalytic activity, while it is still a world-class challenge to synthesize well-dispersed Pt-RE alloys.

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Characterization of hFOB 1.19 Cell Line for Studying Zn-Based Degradable Metallic Biomaterials.

Materials (Basel)

February 2024

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

testing is the first important step in the development of new biomaterials. The human fetal osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19 is a very promising cell model; however, there are vast discrepancies in cultivation protocols, especially in the cultivation temperature and the presence of the selection reagent, geneticin (G418).

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The influence of implant design and structural factors on fatigue life under cyclic loading was investigated. The implants were manufactured from 316L steel powder using 3D printing for medical use. A simulation model of implant deformation was built using ANSYS software.

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Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of chemical short-range order via machine learning enhanced atom probe tomography.

Nat Commun

November 2023

Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Chemical short-range order (CSRO) refers to atoms of specific elements self-organising within a disordered crystalline matrix to form particular atomic neighbourhoods. CSRO is typically characterized indirectly, using volume-averaged or through projection microscopy techniques that fail to capture the three-dimensional atomistic architectures. Here, we present a machine-learning enhanced approach to break the inherent resolution limits of atom probe tomography enabling three-dimensional imaging of multiple CSROs.

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For the improvement of surface roughness, titanium joint arthroplasty (TJA) components are grit-blasted with AlO (corundum) particles during manufacturing. There is an acute concern, particularly with uncemented implants, about polymeric, metallic, and corundum debris generation and accumulation in TJA, and its association with osteolysis and implant loosening. The surface morphology, chemistry, phase analysis, and surface chemistry of retrieved and new AlO grit-blasted titanium alloy were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal laser fluorescence microscopy, respectively.

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Laser texturing with a dimple pattern was applied to modify a Ti6Al4V alloy at the micro level, aiming to improve its friction and wear resistance in combination with oil lubrication to optimize the performance in demanding industrial environments. The tribological analysis was performed on four different dimple-textured surfaces with varying dimple size and dimple-to-dimple distance and under lubrication with three different oils, i.e.

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3D-Architected Alkaline-Earth Perovskites.

Adv Mater

March 2024

Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands.

3D ceramic architectures are captivating geometrical features with an immense demand in optics. In this work, an additive manufacturing (AM) approach for printing alkaline-earth perovskite 3D microarchitectures is developed. The approach enables custom-made photoresists suited for two-photon lithography, permitting the production of alkaline-earth perovskite (BaZrO , CaZrO , and SrZrO ) 3D structures shaped in the form of octet-truss lattices, gyroids, or inspired architectures like sodalite zeolite, and C buckyballs with micrometric and nanometric feature sizes.

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In the present work, the functionalisation of austenitic stainless steel, AISI 316L surfaces via nanosecond Nd:YAG laser texturing in order to modify the surface morphology with crosshatch and dimple patterns is presented. A tribological analysis under lubrication with sunflower and jojoba oil with and without the addition of a solid lubricant, MoS nanotubes, was performed. In conjunction with friction/wear response laser-textured surface wettability, oil spreadability and oil retention capacity were also analysed.

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