Metabolic and ionic control of T cells in asthma endotypes.

CD4T cells play a central role in orchestrating the immune response in asthma, with dysregulated ion channel profiles and altered metabolic signatures contributing to disease progression and severity. An important classification of asthma is based on the presence of T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) inflammation, dividing patients into Th2-high and Th2-low endotypes. These distinct endotypes have implications for disease severity, treatment response, and prognosis.

Influenza in travelers from Germany returning from abroad: a retrospective case-control study.

Background: Influenza is the most common vaccine-preventable infection among travelers, affecting approximately one percent of those travelling to subtropical and tropical destinations.

Methods: We analysed demographic, travel-related and clinical information from travelers diagnosed with influenza at our travel clinic between January 2015 and March 2020 and influenza-negative controls.

Results: We included 68 travelers diagnosed with influenza and 207 controls.

High frequency of acquired virulence factors in carbapenemase-producing isolates from a large German university hospital, 2013-2021.

Carbapenemase-producing (CP-Kp) isolates are a public health concern as they can cause severe hospital-acquired infections that are difficult to treat. It has recently been shown that CP-Kp can take up virulence factors from hypervirulent lineages. In this study, 109 clinical CP-Kp isolates from the University Hospital Cologne were examined for the presence of acquired virulence factors using whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic tests, and results were linked to clinical data.

Deubiquitination of RIPK2 by OTUB2 augments NOD2 signalling and protective effects in intestinal inflammation.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, but the molecular mechanisms underlying IBD are incompletely understood. In this study, we explored the role and regulating mechanism of otubain 2 (OTUB2), a deubiquitinating enzyme, in IBD.

Methods: To study the function of OTUB2 in IBD, we generated Otub2 mice and treated them with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce experimental colitis.

Aetiologies of bacterial tick-borne febrile illnesses in humans in Africa: diagnostic limitations and the need for improvement.

Tick-borne febrile illnesses caused by pathogens like spp., spp., spp.

Microbial acidification by N, S, Fe and Mn oxidation as a key mechanism for deterioration of subsea tunnel sprayed concrete.

The deterioration of fibre-reinforced sprayed concrete was studied in the Oslofjord subsea tunnel (Norway). At sites with intrusion of saline groundwater resulting in biofilm growth, the concrete exhibited significant concrete deterioration and steel fibre corrosion. Using amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics, the microbial taxa and surveyed potential microbial mechanisms of concrete degradation at two sites over five years were identified.

Antibiotic Resistance Hotspot: Comparative Genomics Reveals Multiple Strains of Multidrug-Resistant in Edible Snails.

The demand for terrestrial snails as a food source is still on the increase globally, yet this has been overlooked in disease epidemiology and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This study conducted genomic analyses of twenty strains isolated from live edible snails traded in two hubs. The isolates were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS, antimicrobial resistance testing, whole genome sequencing, and analyses for in-depth characterization.

Complex Infection-Control Measures with Disinfectant Switch Help the Successful Early Control of Carbapenem-Resistant Outbreak in Intensive Care Unit.

A carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) outbreak in an intensive care unit (ICU) was contained by an improved infection-control measure that included a disinfectant policy. In our retrospective cohort study, we describe the epidemiological investigations and infection-control measures during this outbreak. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize patient demographics, neurological diseases, surgical treatment, underlying diseases, infection, and outcomes.

DiscovEpi: automated whole proteome MHC-I-epitope prediction and visualization.

Background: Antigen presentation is a central step in initiating and shaping the adaptive immune response. To activate CD8 T cells, pathogen-derived peptides are presented on the cell surface of antigen-presenting cells bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. CD8 T cells that recognize these complexes with their T cell receptor are activated and ideally eliminate infected cells.

Molecular characterization, virulence and antimicrobial and biocidal susceptibility of selected bacteria isolated from the cloaca of nestling ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) from Mono Lake, California, USA.

In the present study, the presence of the Enterobacterales, Staphylococcus spp., Mammaliicoccus spp., and Enterococcus spp.

Enhancing Dental Alginate with , and Green Silver Nanoparticles: A Nature-Enhanced Approach for Superior Infection Control.

Objectives: The study addresses the challenge of cross-infection in dentistry, focusing on improving disinfection protocols for dental hydrocolloid gel materials. This research aimed to incorporate chlorhexidine, natural plant extracts, and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into dental alginate to enhance safety and hygiene standards in dental practices.

Methods: Conventional dental alginate served as the control, with experimental groups including alginate modified with 0.

Decoding the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microbiota using pan-body pan-disease microbiomics.

The human microbiome emerges as a promising reservoir for diagnostic markers and therapeutics. Since host-associated microbiomes at various body sites differ and diseases do not occur in isolation, a comprehensive analysis strategy highlighting the full potential of microbiomes should include diverse specimen types and various diseases. To ensure robust data quality and comparability across specimen types and diseases, we employ standardized protocols to generate sequencing data from 1931 prospectively collected specimens, including from saliva, plaque, skin, throat, eye, and stool, with an average sequencing depth of 5.

Exploring microbial diversity and biosynthetic potential in zoo and wildlife animal microbiomes.

Understanding human, animal, and environmental microbiota is essential for advancing global health and combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We investigate the oral and gut microbiota of 48 animal species in captivity, comparing them to those of wildlife animals. Specifically, we characterize the microbiota composition, metabolic pathways, AMR genes, and biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding the production of specialized metabolites.

Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of clinical Bacteroides and related genera from a tertiary care center in Türkiye (Turkey).

Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, and corresponding resistance genes among Bacteroides and related genera in a tertiary hospital.

Methods: We examined 138 clinical strains of Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Parabacteroides species isolated between July 2018 and June 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted using agar dilution.

A host-adapted auxotrophic gut symbiont induces mucosal immunodeficiency.

Harnessing the microbiome to benefit human health requires an initial step in determining the identity and function of causative microorganisms that affect specific host physiological functions. We show a functional screen of the bacterial microbiota from mice with low intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels; we identified a Gram-negative bacterium, proposed as , that induces and degrades IgA in the mouse intestine. Mice harboring are susceptible to infections and show poor mucosal repair.