The Role of Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids in the Regulation of Inflammation in Bronchial Asthma.

Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid that are oxidized by a family of enzymes including cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. These enzymes are widely present in various organs and tissues, and the HETEs they synthesize perform an important function in the regulation of immune reactions and haemostasis processes under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. More researchers confirm the role of these oxidized metabolites in modulating inflammation in asthma.

1--alkyl-glycerols from Squid Reduce Inflammation and Modify Fatty Acid and Plasmalogen Metabolism in Asthma Associated with Obesity.

Asthma associated with obesity is considered the most severe phenotype and can be challenging to manage with standard medications. Marine-derived 1--alkyl-glycerols (AGs), as precursors for plasmalogen synthesis, have high biological activity, making them a promising substance for pharmacology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AGs from squid on lung function, fatty acid and plasmalogen levels, and cytokine and adipokine production in obese patients with asthma.

[Fatty acid epoxides in the regulation of the inflammation].

Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase derived lipid metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as their role in the inflammation, have been studied quite thoroughly. However, cytochrome P450 derived lipid mediators, as well as their participation in the regulation of the inflammation, need deeper understanding. In recent years, it has become known that PUFAs are oxidized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases to epoxy fatty acids, which act as the extremely powerful lipid mediators involved in resolving inflammation.

Role of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Regulation of T-Helper Immune Response in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Objective: According to modern views, the differences in the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with certain types of T-helper (Th) immune response. Recent data have shown that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is involved in the development of Th immune response. However, TLR2-mediated regulation of Th subpopulation balance in COPD needs to be elucidated.

Thermosensory Transient Receptor Potential Ion Channels and Asthma.

Asthma is a widespread chronic disease of the bronchopulmonary system with a heterogeneous course due to the complex etiopathogenesis. Natural-climatic and anthropogenic factors play an important role in the development and progression of this pathology. The reception of physical and chemical environmental stimuli and the regulation of body temperature are mediated by thermosensory channels, members of a subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels.

Action of alkyl glycerol ethers and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids diet on hematological parameters of blood and liver plasmalogen level in aged rats.

One of the ways to reduce age-related changes can be a diet correction by adding biologically active substances. We studied the effect of a diet including alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrate isolated from the hepatopancreas of Berrytheuthis magister squid on hematological parameters and plasmalogens level in the liver of elderly rats. The senile animals showed decrease in hemoglobin, a three-fold decrease in leukocytes, a three-fold increase in platelet count, and a double decrease of blood coagulation time in the peripheral blood.

[The pathophysiological role of adipokines in the development of bronchial asthma combined with obesity].

The combined course of bronchial asthma (BA) and obesity is one of the urgent medical and social problems that requires a comprehensive and careful study in connection with a decrease in the quality of life of such patients, an increase in the frequency, duration of hospitalization and a high economic burden for the state as a whole. The relationship between BA and obesity is now confirmed by numerous studies, at the same time, despite the variability of the proposed mechanisms of pathogenetic effects of obesity on asthma, metabolic aspects of the relationship of these diseases need further study. Adipose tissue hormones are responsible for the energy homeostasis of the body therefore, excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is accompanied by the development of an imbalance in metabolic processes in various organs and tissues.

The Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The determination of immune mechanisms of inflammation in the disease presents an important challenge for fundamental medical research. According to modern views, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), among which TLR2 and TLR4 play a key role, are one of the essential components of inflammatory process in COPD.

The response ranges of pulmonary function and the impact criteria of weather and industrial influence on patients with asthma living in Vladivostok.

Purpose: To determine the response of pulmonary function (PF) to the influence of environmental factors in patients with different levels of asthma control.

Materials And Methods: Patients with controlled (136 people) and uncontrolled (96 people) asthma living in the conditions of monsoon climate and technogenic pollution in Vladivostok were examined. Discriminant analysis that provides the basis for dividing initial data into classes, as according to standards and expert estimates, was used to calculate ranges of PF response in asthma patients.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in Asthma.

The complexity of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of chronic inflammation in asthma determines its heterogeneity and insufficient treatment effectiveness. Nuclear transcription factors, which include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, that is, PPARs, play an important role in the regulation of initiation and resolution of the inflammatory process. The ability of PPARs to modulate not only lipid homeostasis but also the activity of the inflammatory response makes them an important pathogenetic target in asthma therapy.

The influence of weather and climate on patients with respiratory diseases in Vladivostok as a global health implication.

Purpose: To identify the formation of meteopathic reactions in patients with respiratory diseases under the influence of extreme weather changes in Vladivostok.

Methods: The short-term meteopathic reaction in patients with respiratory diseases to the impact of "Weather Complex", consisting of nine weather parameters, on the day of patient's examination and on 1 and 2 days before the examination, was assessed. 146 acclimatized residents of Vladivostok (29 patients with chronic bronchitis, 51 patients with controlled asthma, 39 patients with uncontrolled asthma and 27 healthy volunteers) were examined.

Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in the Pathophysiology of Asthma.

Asthma is one of the most important medical and social problems of our time due to the prevalence and the complexity of its treatment. Chronic inflammation that is characteristic of asthma is accompanied by bronchial obstruction, which involves various lipid mediators produced from n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The review is devoted to modern ideas about the PUFA metabolites-eicosanoids (leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes) and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) maresins, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins.

Molecular Targets of Fatty Acid Ethanolamides in Asthma.

Asthma is a common allergic pathology of the respiratory tract that requires the study of mechanisms underlying it, due to severe forms of the disease, which are refractory to therapy. The review is devoted to the search for molecular targets of fatty acid ethanolamides in asthma, in particular palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which has been successfully used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, in the pathogenesis of which the nervous and immune systems are involved. Recently, the potentially important role of neuro-immune interactions in the development of allergic reactions has been established.

[The influence of sinusoidal modulated currents on the fatty acid composition of plasma and blood erythrocytes in the patients presenting with chronic cholecystitis].

Unlabelled: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment with sinusoidal modulated currents on lipid metabolism in the patients presenting with chronic cholecystitis in the state of remission.

Patients And Methods: The study included 25 patients with chronic non-calculosis cholecystitis in phase of remission and 20 healthy subjects (controls). We studied the serum lipid spectrum as well as the fatty acid composition of plasma and blood erythrocytes before and after therapy with sinusoidal modulated currents applied to the right-sided hypochondrium region.

[Blood fatty acids in the development and correction of metabolic syndrome].

Aim: to investigate the composition of plasma fatty acids (FA) and red blood cells and the level of eicosanoids in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to assess whether metabolic disturbances may be corrected during a cycle use of an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).

Subjects And Methods: Examinations were made in 46 patients, including Group 1 (a control group) of 15 persons without MS components; Group 2 of 31 patients with MS, Group 3 of 16 MS patients who had taken an ω-3 PUFA for 6 months, and Group 4 of 15 MS patients who had received the drug for 12 months. The composition of plasma FA and red blood cells was analyzed on a gas-liquid chromatograph.

Impact of Atmospheric Microparticles on the Development of Oxidative Stress in Healthy City/Industrial Seaport Residents.

Atmospheric microsized particles producing reactive oxygen species can pose a serious health risk for city residents. We studied the responses of organisms to microparticles in 255 healthy volunteers living in areas with different levels of microparticle air pollution. We analyzed the distribution of microparticles in snow samples by size and content.

Measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential in leukocyte suspension by fluorescent spectroscopy.

A method for evaluating mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated leukocyte suspension with the use of sensitive fl uorescent cation-active dye 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine (JC-1) and spectrophotometry is described. JC-1 monomer rapidly penetrates through mitochondrial membrane of living cell and form aggregations characterized by red fl uorescence (λ = 585 nm). In case of mitochondrial membrane depolarization (early sign of apoptosis), JC-1 is not accumulated in the mitochondria and is present in the cytoplasm as a monomer characterized by green spectral fl uorescence (λ = 510 nm).

Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes received orally during 6 days on the gastrointestinal tract.

The effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on epitheliocytes of different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract and urothelium of different compartments of the renal nephron were studied in CBA mice. The nanotubes affected mouse gastrointestinal mucosa and renal urothelium. The cell reaction in the macula densa of the renal distal tubules and the immune system reaction to oral nanotubes were detected.

Effects on alimentary high-fat diet on thiol disulfide homeostasis in rats.

The effects of high-fat diet on the thiol disulfide homeostasis of rats were evaluated by activities of glutathione redox system functioning in the blood and liver. A short-term (30 days) high-fat diet inhibited activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes. High-fat loading for 90 days promoted the development of a compensatory response of the glutathione redox system and restoration of the thiol disulfide homeostasis.

Modification of the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Background: Early preclinical diagnosis of COPD is urgent. We proposed that fatty acid composition of red blood cells may serve as a prognostic test for the complications in the chronic respiratory diseases. Fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membranes in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis, CB, and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) was studied.

Simulation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats.

The new model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats is based on alimentary effects of hypercaloric diet including much cholesterol and beef fat. This model reproduces structural and functional disorders in the liver, including hepatocyte fatty degeneration, parenchymatous necrosis and fibrosis paralleled by dyslipidemia and is intended for studies of the mechanisms of formation, progress, and therapy of liver diseases of noninfectious origin.

Composition of fatty acids in plasma and erythrocytes and eicosanoids level in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Disturbances of the fatty acids composition in plasma and red blood cells and eicosanoid synthesis play an important role in the metabolic syndrome (MS) formation.

Methods: The observation group included 61 people with metabolic syndrome (30 patients with MS and normal levels of insulin, 31 people with MS and insulin resistance--IR). The parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in blood serum were examined.

Modification of fatty acids composition in erythrocytes lipids in arterial hypertension associated with dyslipidemia.

Background: Modification of fatty acids (FA) composition in erythrocytes lipids as an early indicator of the development of arterial hypertension (AH) and lipid disorders.

Methods: We included 34 patients with arterial hypertension and 11 healthy individuals. Each patient was examined the lipid composition of serum.

Simulation of electrolyte nephropathy in rats.

Stages of modeling of polyetiological electrolyte nephropathy in rats are described. Morphological study confirmed the presence of interstitial and tubular disorders in rat kidneys. The model is intended for studies of the mechanisms underlying the formation, development, and correction of nephrological diseases.