Camptothecin activates SIRT1 to promote lipid catabolism through AMPK/FoxO1/ATGL pathway in CC myogenic cells.

Caloric restriction activates sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and induces a variety of metabolic effects that are beneficial for preventing age-related disease. The present study screened a commercially available used drug library to develop small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for treatment of metabolic disorders. Using an in vitro fluorescence assay, the cancer therapeutic camptothecin increased SIRT1 enzymatic activity by 5.

Label-Free Multiphoton Endomicroscopy for Minimally Invasive In Vivo Imaging.

Multiphoton microscopy of cellular autofluorescence and second harmonic generation from collagen facilitates imaging of living cells and tissues without the need for additional fluorescent labels. Here, a compact multiphoton endomicroscope for label-free in vivo imaging in small animals via side-viewing needle objectives is presented. Minimal invasive imaging at cellular resolution is performed in colonoscopy of mice without surgical measures and without fluorescent dyes as a contrast agent.

Investigating the diagnostic performance of HOTTIP, PVT1, and UCA1 long noncoding RNAs as a predictive panel for the screening of colorectal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis.

Like other noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), dysregulation of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) has been associated with various clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients such as lymph node metastasis (LNM). Recently, three aberrant expressed oncogenic lncRNA (onco-lncRNAs), including HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP), plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), and urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) have been reported in LNM. Herein, we compared the diagnostic performance of these lncRNAs as individual biomarkers and as a discriminating panel between LNM CRC patients, nonmetastatic lymph nodes (NLN) and normal healthy subjects.

: 2D Inplane Cell Stretch Systems for Studies of Cardiac Mechano-Signaling.

Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary research field, involving biophysics, molecular and cell biology, biomedical engineering, and medicine. Rapid progress has been possible due to emerging devices and tools engineered for studies of the effect of mechanical forces, such as stretch or shear force, impacting on biological cells and tissues. In response to such mechanical stimuli, cells possess various mechanosensors among which mechanosensitive ion channels are molecular transducers designed to convert mechanical stimuli into electrical and/or biochemical intracellular signals on millisecond time scales.

Skin tissue engineering: wound healing based on stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies.

Normal wound healing is a dynamic and complex multiple phase process involving coordinated interactions between growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and various cells. Any failure in these phases may lead wounds to become chronic and have abnormal scar formation. Chronic wounds affect patients' quality of life, since they require repetitive treatments and incur considerable medical costs.

Serum Exosomal miRNAs Are Associated with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat to human health. Due to the limited accuracy of the current TB diagnostic tests, it is critical to determine novel biomarkers for this disease. Circulating exosomes have been used as diagnostic biomarkers in various diseases.

Photopolymerizable gelatin and hyaluronic acid for stereolithographic 3D bioprinting of tissue-engineered cartilage.

To create artificial cartilage in vitro, mimicking the function of native extracellular matrix (ECM) and morphological cartilage-like shape is essential. The interplay of cell patterning and matrix concentration has high impact on the phenotype and viability of the printed cells. To advance the capabilities of cartilage bioprinting, we investigated different ECMs to create an in vitro chondrocyte niche.

: A High-Pressure Chamber Incorporating GRIN Lenses for High-Resolution 3D-Microscopy of living Cells and Tissues.

A high-pressure optical chamber, , that facilitates label-free 3D high-resolution live-cell multiphoton microscopy in thick tissue samples is presented. A set of two Gradient Index (GRIN) rod lenses is integrated into the chamber as an optical guide and allows for the adjustment of the focal plane through the sample providing a field of view volume of 450 × 450 × 500 µm (, , ). An optical lateral resolution of 0.

Portoporator: A portable low-cost electroporation device for gene transfer to cultured cells in biotechnology, biomedical research and education.

Electroporation has been a widely established method for delivering DNA and other material into cells in vitro. Conventional electroporation infrastructure is typically immobile, non-customizable, non-transparent regarding the characteristics of output pulses, and expensive. Here, we describe a portable electroporator for DNA delivery into bacterial cells that can quickly be reconstructed using 3D desktop printing and off-the-shelf components.

Functions of the Heterologous Intron-Derived Fragments Intra and Extra Factor IX-cDNA Coding Region on the Human Factor IX Expression in HepG2 and Hek-293T Cells.

Background: Human FIX (hFIX) gene transfer into hepatocytes has provided a novel approach for treatment of hemophilia B. To obtain an improved expression of hFIX, the functional -expressing plasmids with appropriate intron-derived fragments which facilitate transcription and promote an efficient 3'-end formation of mRNAs are required.

Objectives: We aim to evaluate the functions of the heterologous intron-derived fragments intra and extra hFIX-cDNA coding region with respect to the hFIX expression in the hepatocytes and kidney cells.

A Novel Bone Substitute with High Bioactivity, Strength, and Porosity for Repairing Large and Load-Bearing Bone Defects.

Achieving adequate healing in large or load-bearing bone defects is highly challenging even with surgical intervention. The clinical standard of repairing bone defects using autografts or allografts has many drawbacks. A bioactive ceramic scaffold, strontium-hardystonite-gahnite or "Sr-HT-Gahnite" (a multi-component, calcium silicate-based ceramic) is developed, which when 3D-printed combines high strength with outstanding bone regeneration ability.

Magnetic Tissue Engineering of the Vocal Fold Using Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

Losing one's ability to speak, because of tissue deficiency at the vocal fold (VF), leads to serious impairment in the quality of life. Until now, there is no successful approach for regenerating the VF. The aim of this study was to show the advantage of magnetic nanoparticles in the generation of scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) VF cell constructs by magnetic tissue engineering (MTE).

A detailed image of rutin underlying intracellular signaling pathways in human SW480 colorectal cancer cells based on miRNAs-lncRNAs-mRNAs-TFs interactions.

Natural dietary ingredients like flavonoids are important for body improvement against diseases. The flavonol rutin is widely found in fruits and vegetables and shows significant anticancer properties. However, the underlined signaling pathways have not been elucidated yet.

Production of recombinant human factor IX by propeptide modification in Drosophila S2 cell line.

Objective: To compare the effect of pre-propeptide (pre-pro) of the human prothrombin (hPT), with both the native and an R-9N mutant forms of the human factor IX (hFIX) pre-pro on the hFIX carboxylation, in Drosophila cell.

Results: The three different pre-pro sequences, equipped with Drosophila Kozak, were joined to the mature hFIX cDNA and were subjected to transient expression analysis of hFIX in the S2 Drosophila cells, compared to that of a native hFIX cDNA, with its native Kozak. Replacement of the hFIX pre-pro sequence with that of hPT increased the biological activity of hFIX, significantly.

Zerumbone Suppresses Human Colorectal Cancer Invasion and Metastasis via Modulation of FAk/PI3k/NFκB-uPA Pathway.

The current study explored the basic molecular mechanisms of zerumbone (ZER), an herbal compound, in inhibiting the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro. Two types of CRC cells, namely HCT-116 and SW48, were treated with various concentrations of ZER (8, 16, and 24 µM) for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. In vitro assays were performed to determine alterations in proliferation ability, mRNA expression and protein levels, and migration and invasion potential of CRC cells.

Efficient osteogenic differentiation of the dental pulp stem cells on β-glycerophosphate loaded polycaprolactone/polyethylene oxide blend nanofibers.

Hard tissue lesion treatment in oral and maxillofacial has been challenging because of tissue complexities. This study aimed to investigate novel biopolymeric construct effects on the osteogenic differentiation potential of the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for introducing a cell copolymer bioimplant. A blended polycaprolactone (PCL)-polyethylene oxide (PEO) was fabricated using electrospinning, simultaneously filled by β-glycerophosphate (β-GP).

A new triple chimeric protein as a high immunogenic antigen against anthrax toxins: theoretical and experimental analyses.

: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by and it can be deadly in 6 days. Considerable efforts have been conducted toward developing more effective veterinary and human anthrax vaccines because these common vaccines have several limitations. secretes a tripartite toxin, comprising protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF).

CYTOKINES PROFILE AND ITS CONNECTION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PEDIATRIC PNEUMONIA.

Community-acquired pneumonia is (CAP) associated with serious complications and is the leading cause of death in children. Severity of CAP is depend on an impairment of host defenses. Persistent and toxic inflammation directs to an excessively pro-inflammatory cytokine production, neutrophil hyper-responsiveness, and dysregulation of lung neutrophil apoptosis, which results in lung injury and poor patient outcomes.

HIPEC IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERITONEAL CARCINOMATOSIS AND POTENTIAL MARKERS OF TREATMENT EFFICIENCY.

Gastric cancer is a major health burden worldwide and is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. The average 5-year survival rate is less than 20% and prognosis is very dramatic. It remains difficult to cure, primarily because most patients present with advanced.

Development of Drugs Based on High-Polymeric Double-Stranded RNA for Antiviral and Antitumor Therapy.

-The review summarizes literature data on the development of drugs based on natural and synthetic high-polymeric double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), their antiviral, immunoadjuvant, and antitumor properties. Special attention is paid to cell receptors responding to exogenous dsRNA, pathways of dsRNA-dependent antiviral reaction, ability of dsRNA to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of malignant cells. It has been shown that enhancing the innate immune response with dsRNA can be an effective component in improving methods for treating and preventing infectious and cancer diseases.

Label-Free High-Throughput Leukemia Detection by Holographic Microscopy.

Complete blood count and differentiation of leukocytes (DIFF) belong to the most frequently performed laboratory diagnostic tests. Here, a flow cytometry-based method for label-free DIFF of untouched leukocytes by digital holographic microscopy on the rich phase contrast of peripheral leukocyte images, using highly controlled 2D hydrodynamic focusing conditions is reported. Principal component analysis of morphological characteristics of the reconstructed images allows classification of nine leukocyte types, in addition to different types of leukemia and demonstrates disappearance of acute myeloid leukemia cells in remission.

In Vivo Evaluation of PAX6 Overexpression and NMDA Cytotoxicity to Stimulate Proliferation in the Mouse Retina.

Retinal degenerative diseases, due to the lack of regeneration systems and self-renewable cells, often lead to visual impairment. Pax6 is a pleiotropic transcription factor and its expression level determines self-renewal status or differentiation of retinal cells. Here, we investigated the fate of simultaneous induction of retinal ganglion cell death and Pax6 overexpression in retro-differentiation of retinal cells and their commitment to re-enter into the cell cycle.

Synthesis of new betulinic acid/betulin-derived dimers and hybrids with potent antimalarial and antiviral activities.

Severe malaria and viral infections cause life-threatening diseases in millions of people worldwide every year. In search for effective bioactive hybrid molecules, which may possess improved properties compared to their parent compounds, a series of betulinic acid/betulin based dimer and hybrid compounds carrying ferrocene and/or artesunic acid moieties, was designed and, synthesized de novo. Furthermore, they were analyzed in vitro against malaria parasites (growth inhibition of 3D7-strain P.

Proliferation characteristics of cells cultured under periodic versus static conditions.

In vitro culture models have become an indispensable tool for assessing a vast variety of biological questions in many scientific fields. However, common in vitro cultures are maintained under static conditions, which do not reflect the in vivo situation and create a non-physiological environment. To assess whether the growth characteristics of cells cultured at pulsed-perfused versus static conditions differ, we observed the growth of differentially cultured cells in vitro by life-cell time-lapse imaging of recombinant HEK293 cells, stably expressing yellow fluorescent protein.