Impact of climate change on aflatoxin M1 contamination of raw milk with special focus on climate conditions in Serbia.

Background: The impact of climate change has been identified as an emerging issue worldwide owing to potential effects that can provoke changes in the nature and occurrence of food safety hazards. Mycotoxins are a group of naturally occurring toxic substances produced by several genera of filamentous fungi, among which, primarily aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes and zearalenone are of the greatest concern owing to their negative impact on human health, animal productivity and international trade.

Results: Extreme weather conditions such as floods and droughts which have not occurred previously in Serbia may be supporting factors for contamination of crops by various species of toxigenic fungi and their related mycotoxins.

PAHs in different honeys from Serbia.

Maximum limits for PAHs content in honey and bee products are not set. The objective of this study was to conduct a market survey of honey for the presence of PAH16 with the aim of detecting potential contamination and health risks for consumers. A total number of 61 honey samples produced in the territory of Serbia were examined.

Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from a small-scale meat processor in Montenegro, 2011-2014.

The presence of Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated in a small-scale meat processing facility in Montenegro during 2011-2014. L. monocytogenes isolates from traditional meat products and environmental swabs were subjected to a) molecular characterization b) serotyping by both multiplex PCR and next generation sequencing (NGS) c) potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was assessed by extraction of specific genes from NGS data and d) screening for the presence of some disinfectant resistance markers.

Antimicrobial resistance and genotypic profiles of Saintpaul isolated along beef processing and distribution continuum.

Saintpaul (SSa) is increasingly reported from food and foodborne outbreak cases. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is used for screening and tracking of infections. Widespread use of antimicrobial agents in humans and food animals could result in antimicrobial resistant serotypes.

Effects of Temperature Abuse on the Growth and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Gene (sea) Expression of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different temperatures and storage time on Staphylococcus aureus growth, sea gene expression, and synthesis of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in the pasteurized and UHT-pasteurized milk. Pasteurized and UHT-pasteurized milk were inoculated with 3.98 log CFU/mL of S.

Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Selected Parameters of Blood Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Elite Athletes: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted, in order to evaluate if Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti® L10 (Lallemand Health Solutions, Montreal, Canada) supplementation during three months could influence oxidative markers in the population of elite athletes: triathletes, cyclists and endurance athletes. Twenty-two elite athletes were randomized to either placebo (n = 12) or probiotic (n = 10) groups. The probiotic group received 2x1010 colony forming units of Lafti® L10.

Seasonal distributions of heavy metal concentrations in different snail (Helix pomatia) tissues from an urban environment in Serbia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, zinc, iron, and manganese) in terrestrial gastropods, Helix pomatia, collected in four different environment locations in Pančevo city, Serbia. Metal concentrations in the foot and in the digestive gland were measured. Heavy metals cadmium, copper, zinc, iron, and manganese were measured in triplicate by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The influence of ageing on the extrapineal melatonin synthetic pathway.

Ageing affects various physiological and metabolic processes in a body and a progressive accumulation of oxidative damage stands out as often used explanation. One of the most powerful scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all organs is melatonin. A majority of melatonin supplied to the body via blood originates from the pineal gland.

The effects of dietary Selenium-yeast level on glutathione peroxidase activity, tissue Selenium content, growth performance, and carcass and meat quality of broilers.

The present study was conducted to assess effects of selenium (Se)-yeast supplementation on glutathione peroxidase activity, Se levels in tissues, growth performance, carcass, and meat composition in broilers. A total of 275 one-d-old Cobb 500 broilers of both sexes were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments during a 42-d period. The 5 treatments differed only in Se content: group 1 had no additional Se (background only); groups 2, 3, and 4 received 0.

Effects of combined treatment with ochratoxin A and citrinin on oxidative damage in kidneys and liver of rats.

A multimycotoxin analysis approach in grains results in frequent simultaneous findings of nephrotoxic mycotoxins ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN). The mechanism of CTN and OTA toxicities in biological systems is not fully understood but it is known that oxidative stress is involved. In this study, oxidative damage of DNA, lipids, and the concentration of glutathione (GSH), as well as possible antioxidative effects of resveratrol (RSV) were studied in vivo.

Survival of Salmonella spp. in minced meat packaged under vacuum and modified atmosphere.

The effect of different modified atmosphere packaging regimes on the behavior of Salmonella spp. on minced meat was studied. Minced meat was experimentally contaminated with a Salmonella spp.

Presence of the esp gene in Enterococcus faecium derived from oropharyngeal microbiota of haematology patients.

Objectives: Antibiotic use and immunocompromised status in haematology patients have been shown to determine the constituents of commensal microbiota with highly increased resistance, including vancomycin resistant enterococci. We compared the carriage of virulence factor genes and the capacity for biofilm formation in vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) originating from the oropharyngeal and stool cultures of haematology patients.

Design: PCR tests were used to investigate the presence of genes encoding pathogenicity factors (esp and hyl) in VRE isolates.

Nutrient Composition of Three Mangulica Pork Cuts from Serbia.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the levels of essential elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se) and proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) of three pork cuts (loin, hind leg, and shoulder) from free-range Mangulica pigs from Serbia. Essential elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Shoulder contained the highest levels of essential elements (Mn, 0.

Effects of different carrier materials on physicochemical properties of microencapsulated grape skin extract.

The goal of this study was to investigate the characteristics of grape skin extract (GSE) spray dried with different carriers: maltodextrin (MD), gum Arabic (GA) and skim milk powder (SMP). The grape skin extract was obtained from winery by-product of red grape variety ( L.).

A review of the current situation of aflatoxin M in cow's milk in Serbia: risk assessment and regulatory aspects.

The aim of this systematic review is to provide information regarding the incidence and levels of aflatoxin M (AFM) in raw and heat processed cow's milk in Serbia during 2015-16 and to compare these with collected data on the occurrence of AFM in raw milk and dairy products during the last decade in our region. Estimation of dietary exposure (EDI) and hazard index (HI) calculations for different age groups of the population were also carried out, based on the AFM content of milk samples and on available food consumption data in Serbia. AFM was detected in 69.

Microencapsulation of anthocyanin-rich black soybean coat extract by spray drying using maltodextrin, gum Arabic and skimmed milk powder.

Black soybean coat is insufficiently valorised food production waste rich in anthocyanins. The goal of the study was to examine physicochemical properties of spray dried extract of black soybean coat in regard to carrier materials: maltodextrin, gum Arabic, and skimmed milk powder. Maltodextrin and gum Arabic-based microparticles were spherical and non-porous while skimmed milk powder-based were irregularly shaped.

Tracking of Listeria monocytogenes in meat establishment using Whole Genome Sequencing as a food safety management tool: A proof of concept.

Repeated Listeria outbreaks particularly associated with Ready-To-Eat (RTE) delicatessen meat products have been reported annually at global level. The most frequent scenario that led to foodborne outbreaks was the post-thermal treatment cross-contamination of deli meat products during slicing and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The precondition for such cross contamination is the previous introduction of Listeria into meat processing facilities and subsequent colonization of the production environment, associated with formation of biofilms resilient to common sanitation procedures regularly applied in meat establishments.

Influence of Environmental Conditions on Norovirus Presence in Mussels Harvested in Montenegro.

This study comprises the first systematic survey of the occurrence of Norovirus in Mediterranean mussels from harvesting areas in Montenegro coast of Adriatic Sea. Mussels may accumulate contaminants of public health concern, including pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Microbiological monitoring of harvesting areas is based on count of Escherichia coli in bivalve molluscs in the European Union.

Mineral composition and toxic element levels of muscle, liver and kidney of intensive (Swedish Landrace) and extensive (Mangulica) pigs from Serbia.

Mineral composition (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Cr, Co, Ni, Na, K, Mg, Ca) and toxic element levels (Cd, Pb, Hg, As) of soil, feed and tissue (muscle, liver and kidney) from intensive (Swedish Landrace, housed indoors, fed a known diet, 4 years) and extensive (Mangulica, free-roaming, non-specified diet, 7-8 months) pigs were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Controlled nutrition produced pigs with higher concentrations of most minerals (muscle: Mn, Se, K, Mg; liver: Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Cr, Ca; kidney: Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, K, Mg), but for Fe the opposite trend was found. Long-term free-ranging pigs have a higher risk of contamination by toxic elements (Cd exceeded the maximum residue level in kidney).

A Blueprint to Evaluate One Health.

One Health (OH) positions health professionals as agents for change and provides a platform to manage determinants of health that are often not comprehensively captured in medicine or public health alone. However, due to the organization of societies and disciplines, and the sectoral allocation of resources, the development of transdisciplinary approaches requires effort and perseverance. Therefore, there is a need to provide evidence on the added value of OH for governments, researchers, funding bodies, and stakeholders.

Food Safety Perceptions and Practices among Smallholder Pork Value Chain Actors in Hung Yen Province, Vietnam.

Pork safety is an important public health concern in Vietnam and is a shared responsibility among many actors along the pork value chain. We examined the knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding food safety, disease, and health risk among selected pork value chain actors (slaughterhouse owners and workers, people living around slaughterhouses, pork sellers, consumers, and veterinary and public health staff) in three districts in Hung Yen Province, Vietnam. We randomly selected 52 pork value chain actors to be surveyed through questionnaires, observation checklists, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions.

Effects of IL-33/ST2 pathway in acute inflammation on tissue damage, antioxidative parameters, magnesium concentration and cytokines profile.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the role of IL-33/ST2 pathway in a pathogenesis of acute inflammation and its effects on tissue damage, antioxidative capacity, magnesium concentration and cytokine profile in acutely inflamed tissue.

Material And Methods: Male mice were randomly divided in four groups: wild-type control group (WT-C), ST2 knockout control group (KO-C), wild-type inflammatory group (WT-I), and ST2 knockout inflammatory group (KO-I). Acute inflammation was induced in WT-I and KO-I by intramuscular injection of turpentine oil, while mice in WT-C and KO-C were treated with saline.

Agmatine protection against chlorpromazine-induced forebrain cortex injury in rats.

This study was conducted to investigate whether agmatine (AGM) provides protection against oxidative stress induced by treatment with chlorpromazine (CPZ) in Wistar rats. In addition, the role of reactive oxygen species and efficiency of antioxidant protection in the brain homogenates of forebrain cortexes prepared 48 h after treatment were investigated. Chlorpromazine was applied intraperitoneally (i.

Subchronic exposure to static magnetic field differently affects zinc and copper content in murine organs.

Purpose: Static magnetic fields (SMF) have been widely used in research, medicine and industry. Since zinc and copper play an important role in biological systems, we studied the effects of the subchronic continuous SMF exposure on their distribution in murine tissues.

Materials And Methods: For 30 days, mice were exposed to inhomogeneous, vertical, downward or upward oriented SMF of 1 mT averaged intensity with spatial gradient in vertical direction.