Water quality assessment of deep learning-improved comprehensive pollution index: a case study of Dagu River, Jiaozhou Bay, China.

In the past few decades, with the country's rapid development, water pollution has become a significant problem many countries face. Most of the existing water quality evaluation uses a single time-invariant model to simulate the evolution process, which cannot directly describe the complex behavior of long-term water quality evolution. In addition, the traditional comprehensive index method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and gray pattern recognition have more subjective factors.

Genomic insight of sulfate reducing bacterial genus Desulfofaba reveals their metabolic versatility in biogeochemical cycling.

Background: Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) drive the ocean sulfur and carbon cycling. They constitute a diverse phylogenetic and physiological group and are widely distributed in anoxic marine environments. From a physiological viewpoint, SRB's can be categorized as complete or incomplete oxidizers, meaning that they either oxidize their carbon substrate completely to CO or to a stoichiometric mix of CO and acetate.

A sensitive fluorescence assay based on aggregation-induced emission by copper-free click reaction for rapid ctDNA detection.

A fluorescence assay was developed based on aggregation-induced emission for circulating tumor (ctDNA) rapid detection. AIE-based probe (TPE-DNA) was constructed via strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction between the azide-functionalized TPE-N and the dibenzocyclooctyne functionalized DNA. AIE-based assay displayed significant fluorescence signal enhancement for the ctDNA targets.

A dataset of global ocean alkaline phosphatase activity.

Utilisation of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by marine microbes as an alternative phosphorus (P) source when phosphate is scarce can help sustain non-Redfieldian carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus ratios and efficient ocean carbon export. However, global spatial patterns and rates of microbial DOP utilisation are poorly investigated. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is an important enzyme group that facilitates the remineralisation of DOP to phosphate and thus its activity is a good proxy for DOP-utilisation, particularly in P-stressed regions.

Vertically stratified methane, nitrogen and sulphur cycling and coupling mechanisms in mangrove sediment microbiomes.

Background: Mangrove ecosystems are considered as hot spots of biogeochemical cycling, yet the diversity, function and coupling mechanism of microbially driven biogeochemical cycling along the sediment depth of mangrove wetlands remain elusive. Here we investigated the vertical profile of methane (CH), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) cycling genes/pathways and their potential coupling mechanisms using metagenome sequencing approaches.

Results: Our results showed that the metabolic pathways involved in CH, N and S cycling were mainly shaped by pH and acid volatile sulphide (AVS) along a sediment depth, and AVS was a critical electron donor impacting mangrove sediment S oxidation and denitrification.

Assessment on seasonal acidification and its controls in the Muping Marine Ranch, Yantai, China.

Ocean acidification has emerged as a major challenge affecting the development of the marine aquaculture. Seasonal variations of seawater pH and aragonite saturation (Ω) were investigated in the Muping Marine Ranch, Yantai. The results showed that the seasonal variations of pH and Ω were distinct.

Algal cell viability assessment: The role of environmental factors in phytoplankton population dynamics.

The viability of algal cells is one of the most fundamental issues in marine ecological research. In this work, a method was designed to identify algal cell viability based on digital holography and deep learning, which divided algal cells into three categories: active, weak, and dead cells. This method was applied to measure algal cells in surface waters of the East China Sea in spring, revealing about 4.

Spatiotemporal Shift of T4-Like Phage Community Structure in the Three Largest Estuaries of China.

Estuaries are one of the most highly productive and economically important ecosystems at the continent-ocean interface. Estuary productivity is largely determined by the microbial community structure and activity. Viruses are major agents of microbial mortality and are key drivers of global geochemical cycles.

An Estuarine Cyanophage S-CREM1 Encodes Three Distinct Antitoxin Genes and a Large Number of Non-Coding RNA Genes.

Cyanophages play important roles in regulating the population dynamics, community structure, metabolism, and evolution of cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we report the genomic analysis of an estuarine cyanophage, S-CREM1, which represents a new genus of T4-like cyanomyovirus and exhibits new genetic characteristics. S-CREM1 is a lytic phage which infects estuarine sp.

An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity Measurements.

An integrated interferometric fiber optic velocimetry sensor has been proposed and demonstrated at the central wavelength of 638 nm. The sensor is based on the principle of two laser-beams' interference. The light signal scattered from the particles or vapor is demodulated to measure the water surface velocity and water vapor velocity.

Highly Stable InSe-FET Biosensor for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarker CA125.

Two-dimensional materials-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are promising biosensors because of their outstanding electrical properties, tunable band gap, high specific surface area, label-free detection, and potential miniaturization for portable diagnostic products. However, it is crucial for FET biosensors to have a high electrical performance and stability degradation in liquid environments for their practical application. Here, a high-performance InSe-FET biosensor is developed and demonstrated for the detection of the CA125 biomarker in clinical samples.

The Transcriptional Repressor PerR Senses Sulfane Sulfur by Cysteine Persulfidation at the Structural Zn Site in sp. PCC7002.

Cyanobacteria can perform both anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis, a characteristic which ensured that these organisms were crucial in the evolution of the early Earth and the biosphere. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in oxygenic photosynthesis and reactive sulfur species (RSS) produced in anoxygenic photosynthesis are closely related to intracellular redox equilibrium. ROS comprise superoxide anion (O), hydrogen peroxide (HO), and hydroxyl radicals (OH).

Distinct Ecological Processes Mediate Domain-Level Differentiation in Microbial Spatial Scaling.

The spatial scaling of biodiversity, such as the taxa-area relationship (TAR) and distance-decay relationship (DDR), is a typical ecological pattern that is followed by both microbes and macrobes in natural ecosystems. Previous studies focusing on microbes mainly aimed to address whether and how different types of microbial taxa differ in spatial scaling patterns, leaving the underlying mechanisms largely untouched. In this study, the spatial scaling of different microbial domains and their associated ecological processes in an intertidal zone were comparatively investigated.

Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals the influence of human activities on microeukaryotic plankton along the Chinese coastline.

Microeukaryotic plankton, with its extremely diverse taxa, is a key component in both the marine food web and biogeochemical cycling. Coastal seas, which are home to the numerous microeukaryotic plankton that underpin the functions of these aquatic ecosystems, are often impacted by human activities. However, understanding the biogeographical patterns of diversity and community structure of microeukaryotic plankton and the role that major shaping factors play at the continent scale is still a challenge in coastal ecology.

Tundra Soil Viruses Mediate Responses of Microbial Communities to Climate Warming.

The rise of global temperature causes the degradation of the substantial reserves of carbon (C) stored in tundra soils, in which microbial processes play critical roles. Viruses are known to influence the soil C cycle by encoding auxiliary metabolic genes and infecting key microorganisms, but their regulation of microbial communities under climate warming remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the responses of viral communities for about 5 years of experimental warming at two depths (15 to 25 cm and 45 to 55 cm) in the Alaskan permafrost region.

Grass-microbial inter-domain ecological networks associated with alpine grassland productivity.

Associations between grasses and soil microorganisms can strongly influence plant community structures. However, the associations between grass productivity and diversity and soil microbes, as well as the patterns of co-occurrence between grass and microbes remain unclear. Here, we surveyed grass productivity and diversity, determined soil physicochemical, and sequenced soil archaea, bacteria and fungi by metabarcoding technology at 16 alpine grasslands.

Variations in dissolved organic matter chemistry on a vertical scale in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Oceans cover approximately 71% of the Earth's surface area, which is why some people refer to the Earth as a large water sphere. Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) constitutes the main carbon pool for biogeochemical cycles and plays an important role in global carbon dynamics. Here, the molecular composition and component characteristics of surface (5 m), deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), and deep (2000 m) layer DOM in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) were investigated using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.

Inhibition of microbial extracellular electron transfer corrosion of marine structural steel with multiple alloy elements.

The microbial corrosion of marine structural steels (09CrCuSb low alloy steel (LAS) and Q235 carbon steel (CS)) in Desulfovibrio vulgaris medium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa medium based on seawater was investigated. In the D. vulgaris medium, the weight loss and maximum pit depth of 09CrCuSb LAS were 0.

Origin, Selection, and Succession of Coastal Intertidal Zone-Derived Bacterial Communities Associated with the Degradation of Various Lignocellulose Substrates.

Terrestrial microbial consortia were reported to play fundamental roles in the global carbon cycle and renewable energy production through the breakdown of complex organic carbon. However, we have a poor understanding of how biotic/abiotic factors combine to influence consortia assembly and lignocellulose degradation in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we used 96 in situ lignocellulose enriched, coastal intertidal zone-derived bacterial consortia as the initial inoculating consortia and developed 384 cultured consortia under different lignocellulose substrates (aspen, pine, rice straw, and purified Norway spruce lignin) with gradients of salinity and temperature.

Legacy Effects of Late Macroalgal Blooms on Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Pool through Alkalinity Enhancement in Coastal Ocean.

Taking the world's largest green tide caused by the macroalga in the South Yellow Sea as a natural case, it is studied here if macroalgae can perform inorganic carbon sequestration in the ocean. Massive macroalgae released large amounts of organic carbon, most of which were transformed by microorganisms into dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Nearshore field investigations showed that, along with seawater deoxygenation and acidification, both DIC and total alkalinity (TAlk) increased significantly (both >50%) in the areas covered by dense at the late-bloom stage.

Fungi and cercozoa regulate methane-associated prokaryotes in wetland methane emissions.

Wetlands are natural sources of methane (CH) emissions, providing the largest contribution to the atmospheric CH pool. Changes in the ecohydrological environment of coastal salt marshes, especially the surface inundation level, cause instability in the CH emission levels of coastal ecosystems. Although soil methane-associated microorganisms play key roles in both CH generation and metabolism, how other microorganisms regulate methane emission and their responses to inundation has not been investigated.

Effects of Cold-Surge-Induced Nearshore Seawater Icing on the Eukaryotic Microalgal Community in Aoshan Bay, Qingdao.

Climate change has led to frequent cold surges in mid-latitudes, resulting in sudden temperature drops and icing of nearshore seawater, which may be affecting the eukaryotic microalgal community. In this paper, we investigated the differences between a eukaryotic microalgal community in sea ice and in seawater during the seawater freezing, due to the cold surge in Aoshan Bay, Qingdao, China, in January 2021. The results showed that the eukaryotic microalgal community in the sea ice and in the seawater was similar in composition at the phylum and genus levels, but that its relative abundances differed.

Analysis of the multi-media environmental behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within Haizhou Bay using a fugacity model.

In this study, we aimed to quantify the transport and fate of PAHs in different environmental phases (air, seawater, soil, sediment and fish), verify application of the Level III fugacity model in a bay simulation, and understand the transport and fate of PAHs in the bay environment on a macroscopic scale. The simulated average concentrations of ∑PAH in the air and soil (23.8 ng/m and 1080.

Recent methods of droplet microfluidics and their applications in spheroids and organoids.

Droplet microfluidic techniques have long been known as a high-throughput approach for cell manipulation. The capacity to compartmentalize cells into picolitre droplets in microfluidic devices has opened up a range of new ways to extract information from cells. Spheroids and organoids are crucial three-dimensional cell culture models that physiologically mimic natural tissues and organs.