Genomic insights into isolates from marine bivalves highlight One Health concerns and healthcare linkages.

Enterococci, especially , are one of today's leading causes of multidrug-resistant infections in hospital settings. The marine environment may harbour enterococci, but its role as an evolutionary niche and as a vector for the spread of enterococci is sparsely investigated. Hence, by applying enterococci in bivalves as a sentinel tool, this study aimed to describe the prevalence of enterocooci along the Norwegian coast and in addition the phylogeny of in particular.

Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Retention in Atlantic Salmon, L., Fed Diets with Fermented Sugar Kelp, .

Using low trophic marine resources such as sugar kelp () is of great interest to increase the circular food production in the ocean. Sugar kelp does, however, contain high levels of carbohydrates and iodine and does not have considerable levels of protein and lipids, which may make it less suitable as a feeding ingredient. A 10-week feeding trial was done to investigate the effect of graded dietary inclusion levels of fermented sugar kelp (FSK), on growth performance, digestibility, retention of nutrients, and mineral composition in postsmolt Atlantic salmon ( L.

Tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from sewage in Norway carry heavy-metal resistance genes encoding conjugative plasmids.

Objectives: Tigecycline is a last-resort antibiotic used for treatment of infections with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The aim of the study was to understand the genetic mechanism of resistance and the genetic context of resistance genes in two tigecycline-resistant K. pneumoniae strains isolated from sewage in Bergen, Norway.

An update and ecological perspective on certain sentinel helminth endoparasites within the Mediterranean Sea.

The Mediterranean Sea is recognized as a marine biodiversity hotspot. This enclosed basin is facing several anthropogenic-driven threats, such as seawater warming, pollution, overfishing, bycatch, intense maritime transport and invasion by alien species. The present review focuses on the diversity and ecology of specific marine trophically transmitted helminth endoparasites (TTHs) of the Mediterranean ecosystems, aiming to elucidate their potential effectiveness as ‘sentinels’ of anthropogenic disturbances in the marine environment.

Vitamin B12 and Folate Status in Pregnant Females and Their Infants in Norway: Secondary Analysis from the Mommy's Food Study.

Background: Vitamin B12 and folate are essential micronutrients important for normal infant growth and development.

Objectives: The aims were to describe vitamin B12 and folate status in pregnant females and their infants according to commonly used status cutoffs and examine the associations between maternal status, maternal supplement use, and breastfeeding and infant status.

Methods: Pregnant females were recruited at 18 wk gestation in Bergen, Norway.

Resurrection of genus Phocanema Myers, 1959, as a genus independent from Pseudoterranova Mozgovoĭ, 1953, for nematode species (Anisakidae) parasitic in pinnipeds and cetaceans, respectively.

Species of the genus Pseudoterranova, infect kogiid cetaceans and pinnipeds. However, there is mounting molecular evidence that those from cetaceans and pinnipeds are not congeneric. Here, we provide further evidence of the non-monophyly of members of Pseudoterranova from phylogenetic analyses of the conserved nuclear LSU rDNA gene, entire ITS rDNA region and mtDNA cox2 gene, and identify morphological characters that may be used to distinguish the members of the two clades.

Filling the data gaps: Transferring models from data-rich to data-poor deep-sea areas to support spatial management.

Spatial management of the deep sea is challenging due to limited available data on the distribution of species and habitats to support decision making. In the well-studied North Atlantic, predictive models of species distribution and habitat suitability have been used to fill data gaps and support sustainable management. In the South Atlantic and other poorly studied regions, this is not possible due to a massive lack of data.

Impacts of ocean acidification and warming on post-larval growth and metabolism in two populations of the great scallop (Pecten maximus).

Ocean acidification and warming are key stressors for many marine organisms. Some organisms display physiological acclimatization or plasticity, but this may vary across species ranges, especially if populations are adapted to local climatic conditions. Understanding how acclimatization potential varies among populations is therefore important in predicting species responses to climate change.

On the paradox of thriving cold-water coral reefs in the food-limited deep sea.

The deep sea is amongst the most food-limited habitats on Earth, as only a small fraction (<4%) of the surface primary production is exported below 200 m water depth. Here, cold-water coral (CWC) reefs form oases of life: their biodiversity compares with tropical coral reefs, their biomass and metabolic activity exceed other deep-sea ecosystems by far. We critically assess the paradox of thriving CWC reefs in the food-limited deep sea, by reviewing the literature and open-access data on CWC habitats.

Iodine concentration in tap water, mineral water, and coffee.

Background: Sufficient iodine intake is important for thyroid function and, particularly, among women of reproductive age. Water is a universal component of the diet and could be an important source of iodine. Iodine concentration in drinking water varies geographically.

Elevated Water CO Can Prevent Dietary-Induced Osteomalacia in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon (, L.).

Expansion of land-based systems in fish farms elevate the content of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO) in the water. High CO is suggested to increase the bone mineral content in Atlantic salmon (, L.).

Ecological network analysis of traits reveals variable response capacity to stress.

Response diversity increases the potential 'options' for ecological communities to respond to stress (i.e. response capacity).

Complete sequence of a new conjugative multidrug-resistance encoding IncFII/IncFIA/IncFIB plasmid carrying NDM-6 metallo-β-lactamase from pathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 167 isolated from sewage in Norway.

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to determine the genomic map of resistance genes and to understand the potential for mobility of a new NDM-6-carrying plasmid from a pathogenic Escherichia coli strain. A complete and closed genome sequence of the E. coli strain was obtained by applying a combination of short-read Illumina and long-read Nanopore-based sequencing.

Integrative omics-analysis of lipid metabolism regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a and b agonists in male Atlantic cod.

Lipid metabolism is essential in maintaining energy homeostasis in multicellular organisms. In vertebrates, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs, NR1C) regulate the expression of many genes involved in these processes. Atlantic cod () is an important fish species in the North Atlantic ecosystem and in human nutrition, with a highly fatty liver.

Acoustic micronektonic distribution and density is structured by macroscale oceanographic processes across 17-48° N latitudes in the North Atlantic Ocean.

This study investigates the large-scale distribution patterns of the acoustic scattering layers and micronekton density across the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during daylight hours. A research cruise on board R/V "Kronprins Haakon" was conducted during May 2019 from Cape Verde to Bay of Biscay. Hydrological data were obtained at 20 conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (CTD) stations.

Responses of carbapenemase-producing and non-producing carbapenem-resistant strains to meropenem revealed by quantitative tandem mass spectrometry proteomics.

is an opportunistic pathogen with increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant strains, including resistance to last-resort antibiotics, such as carbapenems. Resistances are often due to complex interplays of natural and acquired resistance mechanisms that are enhanced by its large regulatory network. This study describes the proteomic responses of two carbapenem-resistant strains of high-risk clones ST235 and ST395 to subminimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of meropenem by identifying differentially regulated proteins and pathways.

Adaptive photoperiod interpretation modulates phenological timing in Atlantic salmon.

Photoperiod, the portion of 24-h cycle during which an organism is exposed to illumination, is an important phenological cue in many animals. However, despite its influence on critical biological processes, there remain many unknowns regarding how variations in light intensity translate into perceived photoperiod. This experiment examined how light intensity variations affect perceived photoperiod in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to determine whether photoperiod interpretation is, a) fixed such that anything above a minimum detection threshold is regarded as 'illumination', or b) adaptive and varies with recent light exposure.

In sea trout, the physiological response to salmon louse is stronger in female than in males.

The aims of this study were to compare male and female sea trout () with respect to their hypo-osmoregulatory ability over a simulated migration to seawater and their clinical and physiological response to salmon louse () infection in seawater and over a simulated pre-mature return to freshwater. For this purpose, 2-year-old hatchery-reared male and female brown trout (F1 offspring of wild caught anadromous fish) were infected with salmon lice and measured for changes in plasma ions, glucose, lactate and osmolality and relative heart, liver and gonad sizes during a simulated seawater migration and thereafter a premature return to freshwater after 4 weeks in seawater (pre-adult louse). Un-infected trout served as control.

Comparative analysis of genome-scale, base-resolution DNA methylation profiles across 580 animal species.

Methylation of cytosines is a prototypic epigenetic modification of the DNA. It has been implicated in various regulatory mechanisms across the animal kingdom and particularly in vertebrates. We mapped DNA methylation in 580 animal species (535 vertebrates, 45 invertebrates), resulting in 2443 genome-scale DNA methylation profiles of multiple organs.

Vitality as a measure of animal welfare during purse seine pumping related crowding of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scrombrus).

The impacts of wild capture fishing on animal welfare are poorly understood. During purse seine fishing for Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scrombrus), catches are crowded to high densities to facilitate pumping onboard. This study aimed to monitor fish welfare during crowding events in the Norwegian purse seine fishery, and to identify relevant drivers.

Developing a framework for open and FAIR data management practices for next generation risk- and benefit assessment of fish and seafood.

Risk and risk-benefit assessments of food are complex exercises, in which access to and use of several disconnected individual stand-alone databases is required to obtain hazard and exposure information. Data obtained from such databases ideally should be in line with the FAIR principles, i.e.

Enniatin B and beauvericin affect intestinal cell function and hematological processes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after acute exposure.

Unintentional use of mold-infested plant-based feed ingredients are sources of mycotoxins in fish feeds. The presence of the emerging mycotoxins ENNB and BEA in Norwegian commercial fish feeds and plant-based feed ingredients has raised concerns regarding the health effects on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar). Atlantic salmon pre-smolts were exposed to non-lethal doses of BEA and ENNB (ctrl, 50 and 500 μg/kg feed for 12 h), after which total RNA sequencing of the intestine and liver was carried out to evaluate gut health and identify possible hepatological changes after acute dietary exposure.

Characterization of Pseudoterranova ceticola (Nematoda: Anisakidae) larvae from meso/bathypelagic fishes off Macaronesia (NW Africa waters).

The genus Pseudoterranova includes parasite species of cetaceans and pinnipeds. The third stage larva (L3) of seal-infecting species occur in second intermediate or paratenic fish hosts mainly in neritic waters. This study firstly describes a Pseudoterranova L3 from meso/bathypelagic fishes off Macaronesia.

West African e-waste-soil assessed with a battery of cell-based bioassays.

Soil samples randomly taken from major e-waste sites in West Africa (Nigeria, Benin and Ghana) were examined for an extensive range of organic contaminants. Cytotoxicity measurements and assessment of activation of xeno-sensing receptors from fish (Atlantic cod) were employed as a battery of in vitro biological assays to explore the quality and toxicity profile of West African e-waste soil. The concentrations of the measured contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the e-waste soil differs significantly from the reference soil with chemical profiles typically dominated by legacy polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (405.