Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N5) detected in an Atlantic walrus () in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, 2023.

We present the first documented case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N5 in an Atlantic walrus (). The animal was found dead in Svalbard, Norway, in 2023. Sequence analysis revealed the highest genetic similarity with virus isolates from different avian hosts.

Facilitated Channeling of Fixed Carbon and Energy into Chemicals in Artificial Phototrophic Communities.

Light-driven CO biovalorization offers a promising route for coupling carbon mitigation with petrochemical replacement. Synthetic phototrophic communities that mimic lichens can reduce the metabolic burden with improved CO utilization. However, inefficient channeling of carbon and energy between species seriously hinders the collaborative CO-to-molecule route.

Environmental and population influences on mummichog () gut microbiomes.

Unlabelled: The mummichog, , an abundant estuarine fish broadly distributed along the eastern coast of North America, has repeatedly evolved tolerance to otherwise lethal levels of aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. This tolerance is linked to reduced activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway. In other animals, the AHR has been shown to influence the gastrointestinal-associated microbial community, particularly when activated by the model toxic pollutant 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) and other dioxin-like compounds.

Characterization of Allobodo yubaba sp. nov. and Novijibodo darinka gen. et sp. nov., cultivable free-living species of the phylogenetically enigmatic kinetoplastid taxon Allobodonidae.

Kinetoplastids are a large and diverse protist group, spanning ecologically important free-living forms to medically important parasites. The taxon Allobodonidae holds an unresolved position within kinetoplastids, and the sole described species, Allobodo chlorophagus, is uncultivated, being a necrotroph/parasite of macroalgae. Here we describe Allobodo yubaba sp.

Methyl-dependent auto-regulation of the DNA N6-adenine methyltransferase AMT1 in the unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila.

DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) is a potential epigenetic mark involved in gene transcription in eukaryotes, yet the regulatory mechanism governing its methyltransferase (MTase) activity remains obscure. Here, we exploited the 6mA MTase AMT1 to elucidate its auto-regulation in the unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila. The detailed endogenous localization of AMT1 in vegetative and sexual stages revealed a correlation between the 6mA reestablishment in the new MAC and the occurrence of zygotically expressed AMT1.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals a serotype-specific immune response in Nile tilapia () infected with .

is a major causative agent of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia () and understanding its etiology is important to ensure the sustainable development of global tilapia farming. Our research group recently observed contrasting disease patterns in animals infected with two different serotypes (Ib and III). To better understand the basis for these divergent responses, we analyzed the brain transcriptome of Nile tilapia following bacterial exposure.

Two Novel Compounds Isolated from the Marine Fungal Symbiont of Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells: In vitro Study.

Purpose: A promising feature of marine sponges is the potential anticancer efficacy of their secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to explore the anticancer activities of compounds from the fungal symbiont of on breast cancer cells.

Methods: In the present research, , an endophytic fungal strain derived from the marine sponge was successfully isolated and characterized.

Revealing Elasmobranch Distributions in Turbid Coastal Waters: Insights From Environmental DNA and Particle Tracking.

Many sharks, rays and skates are highly threatened and vulnerable to overexploitation, as such reliable monitoring of elasmobranchs is key to effective management and conservation. The mobile and elusive nature of these species makes monitoring challenging, particularly in temperate waters with low visibility. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods present an opportunity to study these species in the absence of visual identification or invasive techniques.

A dataset on environmental DNA, bacterio-, phyto- and zooplankton from an emerging periglacial lagoon in Svalbard, Arctic.

Over the last few decades, climate change in Svalbard (European Arctic) has led to the emergence and growth of periglacial coastal lagoons in the place of retreating glaciers. In these emerging water bodies, new ecosystems are formed, consisting of elements presumably entering the lagoon from the melting glacier, the surrounding tundra water bodies and the coastal ocean. The data presented here were collected from an emerging lagoon in the western region of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, situated between the retreating Eidembreen Glacier and Eidembukta Bay in 2022-2023.

Research on a new process of reconstituted landess goose steak.

The primary product currently sold from is foie gras, with limited research conducted on the processing of meat, which consequently restricts its added value. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a processing technique for reconstituted goose cutlets using meat as the main ingredient, aiming for a compact structure and intact shape after frying. The study examined the effects of compound enzyme quantity, tumbling duration, and molding time on the quality of the reconstituted goose cutlets, utilizing bonding strength, cooking loss rate, color, chewability, adhesiveness, and sensory evaluation as key metrics.

Machine learning and metagenomics identifies uncharacterized taxa inferred to drive biogeochemical cycles in a subtropical hypereutrophic estuary.

Anthropogenic influences have drastically increased nutrient concentrations in many estuaries globally, and microbial communities have adapted to the resulting hypereutrophic ecosystems. However, our knowledge of the dominant microbial taxa and their potential functions in these ecosystems has remained sparse. Here, we study prokaryotic community dynamics in a temporal-spatial dataset, from a subtropical hypereutrophic estuary.

Microplastic and nanoplastic exposure and risk of diabetes mellitus.

The issue of plastic pollutants has become a growing concern. Both microplastics (MPs) (particle size < 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs) (particle size < 1 µm) can cause DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress in various organisms. The primary known impacts of microplastic/nanoplastic are observed in the liver and respiratory system, leading to hepatotoxicity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Morphometric analysis revealed two different Mediterranean horse mackerel () stocks in the Adriatic Sea.

Phenotypical differentiation among individuals of Mediterranean horse mackerel in the Adriatic Sea was investigated through the analysis of several morphometric characters. Overall, 426 individuals of Mediterranean horse mackerels were sampled from the northern, central and southern Adriatic Sea during the summers of 2012 and 2013. Forty-six morphometric characters were measured for each individual and then compared using multivariate techniques (linear discriminant analysis).

FOXR2 in cancer development: emerging player and therapeutic opportunities.

Cancer, a leading cause of global mortality, remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide. Forkhead Box R2 (FOXR2), identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family, plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs. Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.

Unraveling the Potential of Black Soldier Fly Larvae as a Sustainable Protein Source for Nile Tilapia Production in Diverse Aquaculture Systems.

Aquaculture plays a critical role in global food security, with Nile tilapia () recognized for its adaptability and robust growth. However, traditional feeds, heavily reliant on fishmeal (FM) and soybean meal, face economic and environmental challenges. In response, black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) has emerged as a promising, nutrient-dense alternative.

Extracellular and intracellular digestion in the bivalves studied by magnetic resonance imaging with a contrast reagent.

We investigated the extracellular and intracellular digestion of bivalves employing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ruditapes philippinarum clams and Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels were incubated in seawater containing a contrast reagent (GdDTPA) at 20°C. The digestive systems, from the esophagus to the rectum, were visualized at a high signal intensity by the T1-weighted MRI.

Spatial, environmental and trophic niche partitioning by seabirds in a climate change hotspot.

For similar species to co-occur in places where resources are limited, they need to adopt strategies that partition resources to reduce competition. Our understanding of the mechanisms behind resource partitioning among sympatric marine predators is evolving, but we lack a clear understanding of how environmental change is impacting these dynamics. We investigated spatial and trophic resource partitioning among three sympatric seabirds with contrasting biological characteristics: greater crested terns Thalasseus bergii (efficient flyer, limited diver, and preference for high quality forage fish), little penguins Eudyptula minor (flightless, efficient diver, and preference for high quality forage fish) and silver gulls Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae (efficient flyer, limited diver and generalist diet).

Magnesium-doped lithium manganese oxide composite with mesoporous silica for methylene blue dye and heavy metal removal.

In this study, magnesium-doped lithium manganese oxide nanoparticles were prepared through a solid-state reaction technique, and their surface was modified with mesoporous silica. The surface-modified material exhibited a significantly enhanced BET surface area from 5.791 to 66.

A Cedrane and a Fusarin from the Algicolous Fungus Fusarium graminearum 12Ⅱ2N and Response to Mycoparasitism.

The fungal genus Fusarium is a treasure-trove of structurally diverse secondary metabolites, contributed greatly by marine-derived strains. A new cedrane sesquiterpene, fusacedrol (1), and a new fusarin member, fusarin M (2), were isolated from F. graminearum 12Ⅱ2N that was isolated as an endophyte from the marine brown alga Sargassum sp.

Temperature seasonality regulates organic carbon burial in lake.

Organic carbon burial (OCB) in lakes, a critical component of the global carbon cycle, surpasses that in oceans, yet its response to global warming and associated feedbacks remains poorly understood. Using a well-dated biomarker sequence from the southern Tibetan Plateau and a comprehensive analysis of Holocene total organic carbon variations in lakes across the region, here we demonstrate that lake OCB significantly declined throughout the Holocene, closely linked to changes in temperature seasonality. Process-based land surface model simulations clarified the key impact of temperature seasonality on OCB in lakes: increased seasonality in the early Holocene saw warmer summers enhancing ecosystem productivity and organic matter deposition, while cooler winters improved organic matter preservation.

Crucial role of subsurface ocean variability in tropical cyclone genesis.

The upper ocean provides thermal energy to tropical cyclones. However, the impacts of the subsurface ocean on tropical cyclogenesis have been largely overlooked. Here, we show that the subsurface variabilities associated with the variation in the 26 °C isothermal depth have pronounced impacts on tropical cyclogenesis over global oceans.

Aerial urination suggests undescribed sensory modality and social function in river dolphins.

Scent marking through urine spraying is known to aid mate selection, territory marking and chemical communication in terrestrial, but not in aquatic mammals. We quantify an unusual aerial urination behaviour in botos (Inia geoffrensis) and discuss its potential functions. Between 2014 and 2018, we conducted land-based behavioural surveys on wild botos in central Brazil, recording the sequence, duration and social context of aerial urination.

Onboard measurement of polyethylene microplastics on a research vessel using Raman micro-spectroscopy: A preliminary study for testing feasibility.

Microplastic pollution in marine environments poses significant environmental risks due to its widespread presence. Traditional micro-imaging measurement of microplastics often rely on post-cruise laboratory analyses. In this study, we explored the feasibility of onboard microplastic measurement using Raman spectroscopy, with a focus on polyethylene (PE).

Hydrocarbon biodegradation processes at a historic oil production site - A signature metabolite study.

Decades of research demonstrated that microbes can remediate petroleum-contaminated environments through biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Recent studies have applied signature metabolite analysis to investigate hydrocarbon-contaminated sites, focusing primarily on aquifer systems and metabolites of relatively water-soluble monoaromatic hydrocarbons. However, the number of studies involving non-targeted analysis and identification of individual metabolites in environmental samples is limited.

Colorimetric and fluorescent probe assisted by smartphone app for monitoring fish freshness.

In this study, a novel "OFF-ON" fluorescent probe MPZ ((E)-5-((10-ethyl-2-methoxy-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione) based on phenothiazine is synthesized, which can rapidly (7 s) detect biogenic amines (BAs) through deprotonation, utilizing both colorimetric and fluorescent dual channels. An app for visual portable detection of fish freshness, named "Visual Evaluation", is independently developed. This app integrates several functions, including image capture, editable scanning of red, green, and blue (RGB) values, data analysis fitting, data storage, and verification.