Aculeapyridones A-Q, Pyranopyridone Alkaloids with Protective Effects against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury Discovered from a Coculture of WHUF0198 and a sp.

In the search for novel natural products with hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, the marine-derived fungus WHUF0198 was investigated. Seventeen undescribed pyranopyridone alkaloids, aculeapyridones A-Q (-), were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation of an extract obtained by coculture of the WHUF0198 with the mangrove-associated fungus sp. DM27.

Investigating Pb2 CAP-binding domain inhibitors from marine bacteria for targeting the influenza A H5N1.

The ongoing increase in the prevalence and mutation rate of the influenza virus remains a critical global health issue. A promising strategy for antiviral drug development involves targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, specifically the PB2-cap binding domain of Influenza A H5N1. This study employs an in-silico approach to inhibit this domain, crucial for viral replication, using potential inhibitors derived from marine bacterial compounds.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., two bacteria isolated from marine sediment in the East China Sea.

Two Gram-stain-negative, curved-rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacteria W6 and I13 were isolated from marine sediment samples collected from Meishan Island located in the East China Sea. Catalase and oxidase activities and hydrolysis of Tween 40, 60 and 80 were positive for both strains, while nitrate reduction, indole production, methyl red reaction and HS production were negative. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and genome sequences revealed that strains W6 and I13 formed distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genera and , respectively.

Advances in the use of nanotechnology for treating gout.

Gout is a commonly occurring form of inflammatory arthritis caused by persistently elevated levels of uric acid. Its incidence rate rises with the increases of living standards and poor dietary habits, which has a considerable impact on the quality of life of the patients. Although there is a wide assortment of drugs available for the management of gout, the effectiveness and security of these drugs are limited by their poor chemical stability and insufficient targeting.

Using Community Composition and Successional Theory to Guide Site-Specific Coral Reef Management.

High spatial or temporal variability in community composition makes it challenging for natural resource managers to predict ecosystem trajectories at scales relevant to management. This is commonly the case in nearshore marine environments, where the frequency and intensity of disturbance events vary at the sub-kilometer to meter scale, creating a patchwork of successional stages within a single ecosystem. The successional stage of a community impacts its stability, recovery potential, and trajectory over time in predictable ways.

Soft coral Lobophytum crassum extract inhibits migration and induces apoptosis capabilities in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Background/purpose: The extract of the soft coral has shown an anti-cancer activity in various cancer cells. However, its effect on the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell (OSCC) lines remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-cancer effects of the extract of (C127) on the OSCC cells.

Neurons with larval synaptic targets pioneer the later nervous system in the annelid .

Comparative studies on the development of nervous systems have a significant impact on understanding animal nervous system evolution. Nevertheless, an important question is to what degree neuronal structures, which play an important role in early stages, become part of the adult nervous system or are relevant for its formation. This is likely in many direct developers, but it is not the case in forms with catastrophic metamorphosis.

Infectious bursal disease virus affecting interferon regulatory factor 7 signaling through VP3 protein to facilitate viral replication.

Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)-mediated type I interferon antiviral response is crucial for regulating the host following viral infection in chickens. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a double-stranded RNA virus that induces immune suppression and high mortality rates in chickens aged 3-6 weeks. Previous studies have shown that IBDV infection antagonizes the type I interferon production to facilitate viral replication in the cell, and IRF7 signaling might play an important role.

Genetic Evidence of Killer Whale Predation on White Sharks in Australia.

Killer whales () have been documented to prey on white sharks (), in some cases causing localised shark displacement and triggering ecological cascades. Notably, a series of such predation events have been reported from South Africa over the last decade, with killer whales specifically targeting sharks' liver. However, observations of these interactions are rare, and knowledge of their frequency across the world's oceans remains limited.

Fatty acid oxidation-induced HIF-1α activation facilitates hepatic urate synthesis through upregulating NT5C2 and XDH.

Dyslipidemia affects approximately half of all people with gout, and prior Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal role for elevated triglycerides in hyperuricemia (HU), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that dyslipidemia promotes hepatic urate biosynthesis in HU and gout and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) drives this process. Here we developed a targeted metabolomics to quantify major metabolites in purine metabolic pathway in the sera of a human cohort with HU, gout, and normaluricemic controls.

Nonnegligible cascading impacts of global urban expansion on net primary productivity.

Accelerated global urban expansion not only directly occupies surrounding ecosystems, but also induces cascading losses of natural vegetation elsewhere through cropland displacement. Yet, how such effects alter the net primary productivity (NPP) worldwide remains unclear. Here, we quantified the direct and cascading impacts of global urban expansion on terrestrial NPP from 1992 to 2020 and projected the impacts under the shared socioeconomic pathways framework by 2100.

An Au-Ag@Au fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor for highly sensitive detection of fluoroquinolone residues.

Antibiotic residue detection plays an important role in protecting human health, but real-time, rapid, and highly sensitive detection is still challenging. Herein, gold and silver nanoparticles (Au-Ag NPs) were grown on the surface of optical fibers and a 50 nm thick gold film was deposited on the sensor's surface to fabricate the Au-Ag@Au fiber SPR sensor. The sensitivity of the sensor reached 3512 nm per RIU in the refractive index range of 1.

The quest for environmental analytical microbiology: absolute quantitative microbiome using cellular internal standards.

Background: High-throughput sequencing has revolutionized environmental microbiome research, providing both quantitative and qualitative insights into nucleic acid targets in the environment. The resulting microbial composition (community structure) data are essential for environmental analytical microbiology, enabling characterization of community dynamics and assessing microbial pollutants for the development of intervention strategies. However, the relative abundances derived from sequencing impede comparisons across samples and studies.

Functions of thyroid hormone signaling in regulating melanophore, iridophore, erythrophore, and pigment pattern formation in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus).

Background: Spotted scat, a marine aquaculture fish, has variable body color development stages during their ontogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of body color patterns formation was poorly understood. Thyroid hormones (TH) function as an important endocrine factor in regulating metamorphosis.

The biodiversity of ice-free Antarctica database.

Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide-ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice-free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity-related studies.

Sanctuary for vulnerable Arctic species at the Borealis Mud Volcano.

Borealis is a recently discovered submerged mud volcano in the Polar North Atlantic, differing from the numerous methane seepages previously identified in the region. Here we show in situ observations from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), capturing the release of warm (11.5 °C) Neogene sediments and methane-rich fluids from a gryphon at Borealis.

Comparative Population Genetics of Two Alvinocaridid Shrimp Species in Chemosynthetic Ecosystems of the Western Pacific.

Deep-sea shrimps from the family Alvinocarididae are prominent inhabitants of chemosynthesis-based habitats worldwide. However, their genetic diversity and population connectivity remain poorly understood due to limited sampling. To fill these knowledge gaps, we compared the population genetics of two vent- and seep-dwelling alvinocaridid species with overlapped geographic ranges between the South China Sea and the Manus Basin.

Preliminary study on the ejection of microplastics from different types of face masks.

Face masks are strongly believed to be the best precaution to reduce the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which resulted in an unprecedented surge in the production and use of personal respiratory protective equipment. Unfortunately, this surge led to improper disposal of used masks. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in used and unused surgical and cloth masks and N95 respirators.

Emergence and evolution of heterocyte glycolipid biosynthesis enabled specialized nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria.

Heterocytes, specialized cells for nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria, are surrounded by heterocyte glycolipids (HGs), which contribute to protection of the nitrogenase enzyme from oxygen. Diverse HGs preserve in the sediment and have been widely used as evidence of past nitrogen fixation, and structural variation has been suggested to preserve taxonomic information and reflect paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, by comprehensive HG identification and screening of HG biosynthetic gene clusters throughout cyanobacteria, we reconstruct the convergent evolutionary history of HG structure, in which different clades produce the same HGs.

Carbonate fluorapatite coatings on phillipsite represent a significant sink of phosphorus in abyssal plains of the western Pacific Ocean.

As an essential micronutrient, phosphorus plays a key role in oceanic biogeochemistry, with its cycling intimately connected to the global carbon cycle and climate change. Authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) has been suggested to represent a significant phosphorus sink in the deep ocean, but its formation mechanisms in oceanic low-productivity settings remain poorly constrained. Applying X-ray absorption near edge structure, transmission electron microscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer analyses, we report a unique mineral assemblage where CFA crystals coat phillipsite in abyssal sediments of the East Mariana Basin and the Philippine Sea.

Microbial competition for iron determines its availability to the ferrous wheel.

Iron plays a pivotal role in regulating ocean primary productivity. Iron is supplied from diverse sources such as the atmosphere and the geosphere, and hence iron biogeochemical research has focused on identifying and quantifying such sources of "new" iron. However, the recycling of this new iron fuels up to 90% of the productivity in vast oceanic regions.

An evolutionary game theory analysis on the environmental impact of discharging Fukushima's nuclear wastewater: International stakeholders and strategic dynamics.

On August 24, 2023, Japan controversially decided to discharge nuclear wastewater from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the ocean, initiating intense domestic and global debates. This study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative evolutionary game theory and qualitative data analysis to explore the strategic dynamics among Japan, other nations, and the Japan Fisheries Association regarding this decision. The data includes international environmental reports and economic statistics, served as the basis for simulating decision-making processes under various legal, economic, and environmental pressures.

gen. nov., sp. nov.: a novel species of a novel genus in the family , isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat located in Zhoushan, China.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as HZG-20, was isolated from a tidal flat in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China. The 16S rRNA sequence similarities between strain HZG-20 and RR4-56, NNCM2, P31 and X9-2-2 were 98.9, 91.

Role of Glial Cells and Receptors in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis.

The specific pathogeneses of schizophrenia (SCZ) remain an enigma despite extensive research that has implicated both genetic and environmental factors. Recent revelations that dysregulated immune system caused by glial cell overactivation result in neuroinflammation, a key player in neurodegenerative as well as neuropsychiatric disorders including SCZ are providing novel clues on potential therapeutic interventions. Here, we review the roles of glial cells (Dr.

New insights in the systematics of the Hemiuroidea (Digenea: Hemiurata) based on the integrative taxonomy approach.

Opistholecithum sandugaense n. g. n.