The biodiversity of ice-free Antarctica database.

Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide-ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice-free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity-related studies.

Sanctuary for vulnerable Arctic species at the Borealis Mud Volcano.

Borealis is a recently discovered submerged mud volcano in the Polar North Atlantic, differing from the numerous methane seepages previously identified in the region. Here we show in situ observations from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), capturing the release of warm (11.5 °C) Neogene sediments and methane-rich fluids from a gryphon at Borealis.

Comparative Population Genetics of Two Alvinocaridid Shrimp Species in Chemosynthetic Ecosystems of the Western Pacific.

Deep-sea shrimps from the family Alvinocarididae are prominent inhabitants of chemosynthesis-based habitats worldwide. However, their genetic diversity and population connectivity remain poorly understood due to limited sampling. To fill these knowledge gaps, we compared the population genetics of two vent- and seep-dwelling alvinocaridid species with overlapped geographic ranges between the South China Sea and the Manus Basin.

Preliminary study on the ejection of microplastics from different types of face masks.

Face masks are strongly believed to be the best precaution to reduce the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which resulted in an unprecedented surge in the production and use of personal respiratory protective equipment. Unfortunately, this surge led to improper disposal of used masks. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in used and unused surgical and cloth masks and N95 respirators.

Emergence and evolution of heterocyte glycolipid biosynthesis enabled specialized nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria.

Heterocytes, specialized cells for nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria, are surrounded by heterocyte glycolipids (HGs), which contribute to protection of the nitrogenase enzyme from oxygen. Diverse HGs preserve in the sediment and have been widely used as evidence of past nitrogen fixation, and structural variation has been suggested to preserve taxonomic information and reflect paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, by comprehensive HG identification and screening of HG biosynthetic gene clusters throughout cyanobacteria, we reconstruct the convergent evolutionary history of HG structure, in which different clades produce the same HGs.

Carbonate fluorapatite coatings on phillipsite represent a significant sink of phosphorus in abyssal plains of the western Pacific Ocean.

As an essential micronutrient, phosphorus plays a key role in oceanic biogeochemistry, with its cycling intimately connected to the global carbon cycle and climate change. Authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) has been suggested to represent a significant phosphorus sink in the deep ocean, but its formation mechanisms in oceanic low-productivity settings remain poorly constrained. Applying X-ray absorption near edge structure, transmission electron microscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer analyses, we report a unique mineral assemblage where CFA crystals coat phillipsite in abyssal sediments of the East Mariana Basin and the Philippine Sea.

Microbial competition for iron determines its availability to the ferrous wheel.

Iron plays a pivotal role in regulating ocean primary productivity. Iron is supplied from diverse sources such as the atmosphere and the geosphere, and hence iron biogeochemical research has focused on identifying and quantifying such sources of "new" iron. However, the recycling of this new iron fuels up to 90% of the productivity in vast oceanic regions.

An evolutionary game theory analysis on the environmental impact of discharging Fukushima's nuclear wastewater: International stakeholders and strategic dynamics.

On August 24, 2023, Japan controversially decided to discharge nuclear wastewater from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the ocean, initiating intense domestic and global debates. This study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative evolutionary game theory and qualitative data analysis to explore the strategic dynamics among Japan, other nations, and the Japan Fisheries Association regarding this decision. The data includes international environmental reports and economic statistics, served as the basis for simulating decision-making processes under various legal, economic, and environmental pressures.

gen. nov., sp. nov.: a novel species of a novel genus in the family , isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat located in Zhoushan, China.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as HZG-20, was isolated from a tidal flat in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China. The 16S rRNA sequence similarities between strain HZG-20 and RR4-56, NNCM2, P31 and X9-2-2 were 98.9, 91.

Role of Glial Cells and Receptors in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis.

The specific pathogeneses of schizophrenia (SCZ) remain an enigma despite extensive research that has implicated both genetic and environmental factors. Recent revelations that dysregulated immune system caused by glial cell overactivation result in neuroinflammation, a key player in neurodegenerative as well as neuropsychiatric disorders including SCZ are providing novel clues on potential therapeutic interventions. Here, we review the roles of glial cells (Dr.

New insights in the systematics of the Hemiuroidea (Digenea: Hemiurata) based on the integrative taxonomy approach.

Opistholecithum sandugaense n. g. n.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N5) detected in an Atlantic walrus () in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, 2023.

We present the first documented case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N5 in an Atlantic walrus (). The animal was found dead in Svalbard, Norway, in 2023. Sequence analysis revealed the highest genetic similarity with virus isolates from different avian hosts.

Facilitated Channeling of Fixed Carbon and Energy into Chemicals in Artificial Phototrophic Communities.

Light-driven CO biovalorization offers a promising route for coupling carbon mitigation with petrochemical replacement. Synthetic phototrophic communities that mimic lichens can reduce the metabolic burden with improved CO utilization. However, inefficient channeling of carbon and energy between species seriously hinders the collaborative CO-to-molecule route.

Environmental and population influences on mummichog () gut microbiomes.

Unlabelled: The mummichog, , an abundant estuarine fish broadly distributed along the eastern coast of North America, has repeatedly evolved tolerance to otherwise lethal levels of aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. This tolerance is linked to reduced activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway. In other animals, the AHR has been shown to influence the gastrointestinal-associated microbial community, particularly when activated by the model toxic pollutant 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) and other dioxin-like compounds.

Characterization of Allobodo yubaba sp. nov. and Novijibodo darinka gen. et sp. nov., cultivable free-living species of the phylogenetically enigmatic kinetoplastid taxon Allobodonidae.

Kinetoplastids are a large and diverse protist group, spanning ecologically important free-living forms to medically important parasites. The taxon Allobodonidae holds an unresolved position within kinetoplastids, and the sole described species, Allobodo chlorophagus, is uncultivated, being a necrotroph/parasite of macroalgae. Here we describe Allobodo yubaba sp.

Methyl-dependent auto-regulation of the DNA N6-adenine methyltransferase AMT1 in the unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila.

DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) is a potential epigenetic mark involved in gene transcription in eukaryotes, yet the regulatory mechanism governing its methyltransferase (MTase) activity remains obscure. Here, we exploited the 6mA MTase AMT1 to elucidate its auto-regulation in the unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila. The detailed endogenous localization of AMT1 in vegetative and sexual stages revealed a correlation between the 6mA reestablishment in the new MAC and the occurrence of zygotically expressed AMT1.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals a serotype-specific immune response in Nile tilapia () infected with .

is a major causative agent of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia () and understanding its etiology is important to ensure the sustainable development of global tilapia farming. Our research group recently observed contrasting disease patterns in animals infected with two different serotypes (Ib and III). To better understand the basis for these divergent responses, we analyzed the brain transcriptome of Nile tilapia following bacterial exposure.

Two Novel Compounds Isolated from the Marine Fungal Symbiont of Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells: In vitro Study.

Purpose: A promising feature of marine sponges is the potential anticancer efficacy of their secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to explore the anticancer activities of compounds from the fungal symbiont of on breast cancer cells.

Methods: In the present research, , an endophytic fungal strain derived from the marine sponge was successfully isolated and characterized.

Revealing Elasmobranch Distributions in Turbid Coastal Waters: Insights From Environmental DNA and Particle Tracking.

Many sharks, rays and skates are highly threatened and vulnerable to overexploitation, as such reliable monitoring of elasmobranchs is key to effective management and conservation. The mobile and elusive nature of these species makes monitoring challenging, particularly in temperate waters with low visibility. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods present an opportunity to study these species in the absence of visual identification or invasive techniques.

A dataset on environmental DNA, bacterio-, phyto- and zooplankton from an emerging periglacial lagoon in Svalbard, Arctic.

Over the last few decades, climate change in Svalbard (European Arctic) has led to the emergence and growth of periglacial coastal lagoons in the place of retreating glaciers. In these emerging water bodies, new ecosystems are formed, consisting of elements presumably entering the lagoon from the melting glacier, the surrounding tundra water bodies and the coastal ocean. The data presented here were collected from an emerging lagoon in the western region of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, situated between the retreating Eidembreen Glacier and Eidembukta Bay in 2022-2023.

Research on a new process of reconstituted landess goose steak.

The primary product currently sold from is foie gras, with limited research conducted on the processing of meat, which consequently restricts its added value. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a processing technique for reconstituted goose cutlets using meat as the main ingredient, aiming for a compact structure and intact shape after frying. The study examined the effects of compound enzyme quantity, tumbling duration, and molding time on the quality of the reconstituted goose cutlets, utilizing bonding strength, cooking loss rate, color, chewability, adhesiveness, and sensory evaluation as key metrics.

Machine learning and metagenomics identifies uncharacterized taxa inferred to drive biogeochemical cycles in a subtropical hypereutrophic estuary.

Anthropogenic influences have drastically increased nutrient concentrations in many estuaries globally, and microbial communities have adapted to the resulting hypereutrophic ecosystems. However, our knowledge of the dominant microbial taxa and their potential functions in these ecosystems has remained sparse. Here, we study prokaryotic community dynamics in a temporal-spatial dataset, from a subtropical hypereutrophic estuary.

Microplastic and nanoplastic exposure and risk of diabetes mellitus.

The issue of plastic pollutants has become a growing concern. Both microplastics (MPs) (particle size < 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs) (particle size < 1 µm) can cause DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress in various organisms. The primary known impacts of microplastic/nanoplastic are observed in the liver and respiratory system, leading to hepatotoxicity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Morphometric analysis revealed two different Mediterranean horse mackerel () stocks in the Adriatic Sea.

Phenotypical differentiation among individuals of Mediterranean horse mackerel in the Adriatic Sea was investigated through the analysis of several morphometric characters. Overall, 426 individuals of Mediterranean horse mackerels were sampled from the northern, central and southern Adriatic Sea during the summers of 2012 and 2013. Forty-six morphometric characters were measured for each individual and then compared using multivariate techniques (linear discriminant analysis).

FOXR2 in cancer development: emerging player and therapeutic opportunities.

Cancer, a leading cause of global mortality, remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide. Forkhead Box R2 (FOXR2), identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family, plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs. Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.