What types of information can and do latent print examiners review? A survey of practicing examiners.

Understanding typical work practices is important to understanding the decision-making process underlying latent print comparison and improving the reliability of the discipline. Despite efforts to standardize work practices, a growing literature has demonstrated that contextual effects can influence every aspect of the analytic process. However, very little is known about what types of information are available to latent print examiners, and what types of information latent print examiners routinely review.

"We're led by stupid people": Exploring Trump's use of denigrating and deprecating speech to promote hatred and violence.

In response to a call for criminologists to consider the impact of former President Donald Trump's presumed criminality, we analyze verbal-textual hostility (VTH) in Trump's campaign speeches. Politicians have particular power and reach with their speech and their use of VTH is an important part of the trifecta of violence. Using a framework informed by linguistic theory and previous analysis of hate speech in recorded hate crimes, we present the categories of deprecation and denigration, and discuss their relationship to domination.

IRREPARABLE FACIAL DISFIGUREMENT: THE RELATIONSHIP OF MEDICAL AND LEGAL CRITERIA IN THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES.

The purpose of the study is to characterize irreparable facial disfigurement through the prism of medical science and from the perspective of legal criteria in the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses. The practical basis of the research is the statistical and analytical materials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and the National Police of Ukraine, the General Prosecutor's Office, the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine for 2016 - 2021 regarding the commission of criminal offenses, namely infliction of grievous bodily harm on the grounds of irreparable facial disfigurement of the victim; summarized data of the study of 50 materials of criminal proceedings based on the specified facts (resolution on the appointment of forensic and other examinations, as well as relevant conclusions), materials of the mass media. As a result of the research, it was established that the medical criteria for irreparable facial disfigurement specified in the legal acts need to be improved due to the wide application and systemic nature of the problems, due to the wide application and systemic nature of the problems, which entail both complication of qualification of the committed act and other difficulties in the process of pre-trial investigation.

Algorithms in the court: does it matter which part of the judicial decision-making is automated?

Artificial intelligence plays an increasingly important role in legal disputes, influencing not only the reality outside the court but also the judicial decision-making process itself. While it is clear why judges may generally benefit from technology as a tool for reducing effort costs or increasing accuracy, the presence of technology in the judicial process may also affect the public perception of the courts. In particular, if individuals are averse to adjudication that involves a high degree of automation, particularly given fairness concerns, then judicial technology may yield lower benefits than expected.

Does image editing improve the quality of latent prints? An analysis of image-editing techniques in one crime laboratory.

Field research within latent print comparison has remained sparse in the context of an otherwise growing body of literature examining the discipline. Studies examining how ACE-V procedures are implemented within active crime laboratories are especially lacking in light of research suggesting significant variability in examiner practices despite standardized ACE-V procedures. To date, no studies have examined a potentially important aspect of the Analysis phase: digital image editing.

Sense of happiness and other aspects of quality of life in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) is the intellectual and emotional wellbeing of an individual, which is determined by many factors. The most measurable are the sense of happiness, occupational satisfaction, quality of interpersonal relationships and sex life. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental disorder diagnosed by the presence of obsessions and compulsions that disrupt normal psychosocial functioning.

A behaviorally informed financial education program for the financially vulnerable: Design and effectiveness.

Financially vulnerable consumers are often associated with suboptimal financial behaviors. Evaluated financial education programs so far show difficulties to effectively reach this target population. In our attempt to solve this problem, we built a behaviorally informed financial education program incorporating insights from both motivational and behavioral change theories.

Corruption in healthcare: a view from the pandemic.

Corruption in healthcare has become transnational and intersectoral in nature; leading countries around the world have become vulnerable and insufficiently prepared to address health crises. The article deals with topical issues of corruption in healthcare during the Covid-19 pandemic in public and private sectors. By comparing different ratings, we concluded that there is a correlation between the level of corruption and the average annual income of the respective state, the observance of human rights and democratic standards in the context of their response to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Comparison of Uptake and Prices of Biosimilars in the US, Germany, and Switzerland.

Importance: Biologics account for a substantial proportion of health care expenditures. Their costs have been projected to reach US $452 billion in global spending by 2022. Given recent expiration of patent protection of biologics, a shift toward greater follow-on competition among biosimilars would be expected that would allow greater uptake and lower drug costs.

DESCRIPTION OF PROVING INTENTIONAL HOMICIDES INVOLVING POISONOUS SUBSTANCES: THE RELATIONSHIP OF MEDICAL AND PROCEDURAL CONTEXTS.

The purpose of the study is to provide the description of proving intentional homicides involving poisonous substances based on the structural analysis of the medical and criminal procedure criteria of the relevant process. The practical basis for the research is the statistical and analytical materials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and the National Police of Ukraine, the Prosecutor's General Office, the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine for 2016-2021; summarized data from the study of 20 materials of criminal proceedings (primarily resolutions on the appointment of forensic and other examinations), materials of mass media. As a result of the research, it was established that the medical description of the concept of poison and possible variants of its use are urgently needed, including during the implementation of the versioning procedure in the pre-trial investigation, as well as establishing the identity of the perpetrator or the list of other similar offenses (committed in a similar way).

New genomic techniques and their European Union reform. Potential policy changes and their implications.

The article discusses amendment options (no significant change, lowering of administrative burdens or exemption of certain products from the legislation) for the European Union (EU) authorization procedures of New Genomic Techniques' (NGT) products and their consequences for the sector and research institutions, particularly in the context of internal functioning, placing products on the market and international trade. A reform of the EU regulatory system requires a change in the procedures for the authorization of NGT products, otherwise EU researchers and investors may still be at a competitive disadvantage (as compared to Argentina, Brazil, Canada, United States or the United Kingdom) due to the inefficiency of the current system and the committee procedure for authorization. New legislation, currently being adopted in the United Kingdom is also presented for comparison.

Therapeutic Value of Drugs Granted Accelerated Approval or Conditional Marketing Authorization in the US and Europe From 2007 to 2021.

Importance: The number of drugs approved through the accelerated approval or conditional marketing authorization pathways has increased with unclear evidence of their therapeutic value.

Objectives: To assess the therapeutic value of drug indications granted accelerated approval in the US or conditional marketing authorization in the European Union (EU) overall and for cancer indications.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used the public databases of the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency to identify all drugs (initial and supplemental indications) granted accelerated approval in the US or conditional marketing authorization (initial indications only) in the EU between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2021.

Responsible leadership and project citizenship behavior: A cross-level investigation.

Project citizenship behavior (PCB) has an important positive impact on project success. Researching how to promote PCB is an important issue in project management. Based on social learning theory and social cognitive theory, this paper adopted the method of questionnaire survey and hierarchical linear model (HLM) to analyze the collected data derived from the sample of Chinese construction enterprises and verified this hypothesis.

Evaluator empathy in risk assessment interviews.

Objective: Should forensic evaluators convey empathy during forensic assessments? Opponents contend that empathy causes harm by leading evaluees to disclose potentially incriminating information, but proponents hold that empathy is crucial for establishing rapport and conveying respect. This study provides a comprehensive examination of experienced forensic evaluators' use of empathy in forensic assessment.

Hypotheses: The study was exploratory and not hypothesis-driven, but we expected to find identifiable subgroups of evaluators who differed in their use of empathy in the context of a risk assessment interview.

Broad Consent-Are We Asking Enough?

Biobanks and health data repositories provide rich reservoirs of information for use in biomedical research. These repositories depend on participants donating identifiable health data and biospecimens that may be used in perpetuity by unlimited numbers of researchers for unnamed research topics. Since 1991, U.

Exclusion of older adults from clinical trials in cancer-related pain.

Pain is one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients including older adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the enrollment criteria that can limit the inclusion of older adults in clinical trials concerning cancer-related pain (CRP). The study included 356 trials registered with ClinicalTrials.

Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning.

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions.

Has the pandemic made us more digitally literate?: Innovative association rule mining study of the relationships between shifts in digital skills and cybersecurity awareness occurring whilst working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Digital literacy has been included in the set of the eight key competences, which are necessary to enjoy life to the full in the twenty-first century. According to the previous studies, women tend to possess lower digital competence than men; the older the person, the lower the level of digital literacy. To date, Polish citizens in general have worse skills than the European average.

[New polymorphic DNA marker to determine a person's sex from biological material].

The objective of the study was to pre-evaluate the applicability of gender-specific nucleotide sequences in human neuroligin genes as alternative DNA markers of sex. A new polymorphic locus based on and genes was proposed to establish the sex attribute of human biomaterials. The significant difference in the location of these loci relative to the pseudoautosomal region (PAR), as well as the combination of different types of polymorphism on the one hand, and the possibility of using gender-specific primers «in one assay» on the other hand, warrants their use as an additional marker of human sex attribute, including utilization as part of systems for DNA registration in the population.

Erroneous data: The Achilles' heel of AI and personalized medicine.

This paper reviews dilemmas and implications of erroneous data for clinical implementation of AI. It is well-known that if erroneous and biased data are used to train AI, there is a risk of systematic error. However, even perfectly trained AI applications can produce faulty outputs if fed with erroneous inputs.

Crime and punishment in times of pandemics.

How should we think about crime deterrence in times of pandemics? The economic analysis of crime tells us that potential offenders will compare the costs and the benefits from crime and from innocence and then choose whichever option is more profitable. We must therefore ask ourselves how this comparison is affected by the outbreak of a pandemic and the policy changes which may accompany it, such as governmental restrictions, social distancing, and responses to economic crises. Using insights from law and economics, this paper investigates how the various components in the cost-benefit analysis of crime might change during a pandemic, focusing on Covid-19 as a test case.