[Specificity of visual event-related potentials to subthreshold presentation of erotic pictures in pedophilia].

Objective: To study visual event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with presentation of erotic pictures in backward masking condition in order to investigate perception, attention and information processing underlying the initiation and maintenance of abnormal sexual behavior in pedophilia.

Material And Methods: Participants (58 males committed sexual offenses against children) were divided into the pedophilia group (=38) and the control group without disorders of sexual preference (=20). Three types of stimuli were used: neutral pictures of nature (S1), adult heterosexual erotic pictures (S2) and erotic pictures with children (S3).

The prefrontal cortex shows widespread decrease in H3 histamine receptor binding densities in rats with genetic generalized epilepsies.

Distributions of brain H3 histamine receptors in regions of the prefrontal cortex were studied by assessing regional binding densities for [3 H](R)α-methylhistamine in coronal brain slices of normal rats and rats with genetically determined absence and/or audiogenic epilepsies. The three groups of epileptic rats displayed widespread significant decreases in H3 histamine receptor binding densities. A 20-25% decline was seen in the rostral aspects of the lateral prefrontal cortex, namely the granular, dysgranular, and dorsal agranular insular regions.

The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Moscow (Russia).

: To estimate the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Moscow by investigating multiple sources of cases. Incidence rates from previous Russian studies ranged from 0.3 to 0.

[The effect of music containing binaural beats on daytime fall-asleep dynamics].

Aim: To test the hypothesis that listening to the music with the effect of binaural beats of theta and delta range during nap decreases sleep latency defined by 2 slow wave sleep stage appearance, as well as improves its stability.

Material And Methods: The experimental set of 20 min duration was established according to the counterbalanced scheme with 21 subjects. Each subject participated in two attempts: one attempt included sound stimulation (music) and another one was sham (silence).

Asymmetry of amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in healthy human brain.

Lateral asymmetry is one of the fundamental properties of the functional anatomy of the human brain. Amygdala (AMYG) asymmetry was also reported in clinical studies of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) but rarely in healthy groups. To explore this issue, we investigated the reproducibility of the data on rsFC of the left and right AMYG using functional MRI twice a week in 20 healthy volunteers with mild-to-moderate anxiety.

Primary culture of mouse embryonic spinal cord neurons: cell composition and suitability for axonal regeneration studies.

Primary culture is an effective experimental model to study molecular mechanisms that drive axonal regeneration after central nervous system injury. However, the culture of spinal cord (SC) cells remains poorly characterized. Here, we have analyzed the cell composition of a primary SC culture during its maturation.

A companion to the preclinical common data elements on neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy: a report of the TASK3 behavior working group of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force.

The provided companion has been developed by the Behavioral Working Group of the Joint Translational Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the American Epilepsy Society (AES) with the purpose of assisting the implementation of Preclinical Common Data Elements (CDE) for studying and for reporting neurobehavioral comorbidities in rodent models of epilepsy. Case Report Forms (CRFs) are provided, which should be completed on a per animal/per test basis, whereas the CDEs are a compiled list of the elements that should be reported. This companion is not designed as a list of recommendations, or guidelines for how the tests should be run-rather, it describes the different types of assessments, and highlights the importance of rigorous data collection and transparency in this regard.

Interleukin-6, S-Nitrosothiols, and Neurodegeneration in Different Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders: Is There a Relationship?

Background And Purpose: A few groups have suggested that activated cytokines and nitrosative stress are closely involved in the pathogenesis of different demyelinating disorders induced by the neuroinflammatory destruction of neurons. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the associations of cytokines and S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) with the severity of neurodegeneration during relapse in demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system.

Methods: We measured levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin, RSNO, and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfh) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from patients with different demyelinating disorders: multiple sclerosis (MS, n=52), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM, n=9), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG, n=12).

Maternal care exerts disease-modifying effects on genetic absence epilepsy and comorbid depression.

WAG/Rij rats, a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy with comorbidity of depression, exhibit behavioral depression-like symptoms and spontaneous generalized spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in the EEG at the age of 6 to 8 months. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that maternal care is an environmental factor which, along with genetic predisposition, may contribute to the expression of absence seizures and depression-like comorbidity later in life. To achieve this, a cross-fostering procedure was used.

[Neuronet restructuring in focal and generalized epilepsy according to resting state fMRI].

Aim: To compare neuronet restructuring in focal and generalized epilepsy.

Material And Methods: Seventy-seven patients, aged from 18 to 65 years, with the diagnosis of epilepsy, including 63 patients with focal epilepsy and 14 with generalized epilepsy, were examined. A control group included 23 healthy people.

Functional connectivity between salience, default mode and frontoparietal networks in post-stroke depression.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated altered resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD). It remains unclear whether rsFC is changed at the network level as was shown for major depressive disorder (MDD). To address this question, we investigated rsFC of resting sate networks (RSNs) in PSD.

[Syndrome of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and nocturia in Parkinson's disease].

Aim: Parasomnia, a syndrome of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), is a common non-motor impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The relationship between RBD with other symptoms of PD affecting night sleep, in particular, nocturia, is understudied. An aim of the study was to determine the symptoms related to night sleep disturbances in PD patients with RBD and assess the dynamics of these disturbances with the disease progression taking into account RBD onset.

Genetic Analysis of , , , and Variants in Major and Recurrent Depressive Disorders in Russia.

This study was conducted to explore the possibility of association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs6264 of , rs5443 of , and rs1801133 of ; the polymorphism of ; and the allele of and major depressive disorder (MDD) and recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) in an East Slavic population. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method was applied to detect gene-gene interactions. One hundred fifty patients with RDD (101 females and 49 males) and 208 patients with MDD (115 females and 93 males) were included in the study.

The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55.212 reduces consequences of status epilepticus in rats.

An acute brain insult can cause a spectrum of primary and secondary pathologies including increased risk for epilepsy, mortality and neurodegeneration. The endocannabinoid system, involved in protecting the brain against network hyperexcitability and excitotoxicity, is profoundly dysregulated by acute brain insults. We hypothesize that post-insult dysregulation of the endocannabinoid signaling may contribute to deleterious effects of an acute brain injury and potentiation of endocannabinoid transmission soon after an insult may reduce its pathological outcomes.

H1 histamine receptor densities are increased in brain regions of rats with genetically generalized epilepsies.

Genetic animal models for convulsive, non-convulsive and mixed types of generalized epilepsies were used to establish putative histaminergic brain sites involved in the control of different types of epilepsy. Age matched rats of the KM strain (audiogenic seizures, AGS), WAG/Rij strain (absence seizures) and the WAG/Rij-AGS substrain (mixed model) were compared with a control group of Wistar rats on regional binding densities of H1 histamine receptors. Coronal slices of adult brains of the four groups were labeled with 3H pyrilamine, an antagonist of H1 histamine receptor and density of receptors was quantified with image analyses.

Changes in Functional Connectivity of Default Mode Network with Auditory and Right Frontoparietal Networks in Poststroke Aphasia.

To evaluate the influence of poststroke aphasia on the functional association of widespread large-scale neuronal networks, we analyzed functional connectivity (FC) between resting-state brain networks (RSNs) in aphasic patients (N = 15) and in healthy volunteers (N = 17) of the same age using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. As a result, six RSNs were isolated and cross-correlation matrices were computed for their time courses. Aphasic patients showed decreased correlations between posterior part of the default mode (pDMN) and both auditory (AUD) and right frontoparietal (RFP) networks.

Ictal electrographic pattern of focal subcortical seizures induced by sound in rats.

It is now recognized that both generalized and focal seizures may originate in subcortical structures. The well-known types of focal subcortically-driven seizures are gelastic seizures in patients with the hypothalamic hamartoma and sound-induced seizures in rodents with audiogenic epilepsy. The seizures are generated by subcortical intrinsically epileptogenic focus, the hamartoma in humans and the inferior colliculus (IC) in rodents.

Neuropeptides of Drosophila related to molluscan neuropeptides: dependence of the immunoreactivity pattern on the ontogenetic stage and functional state.

The CNP neuropeptides (Command Neuron Peptides) were first found in the command neurons for withdrawal behavior in the terrestrial snail. Given the fact that certain peptides can be found in various invertebrates, we examined Drosophila brains to determine if CNP-like peptides were present. Two types of antisera were used: one against CNP2, which was expected to recognize peptide products of the genes "hugin", "capa", CG6371, and a second antiserum against CNP4, which was expected to recognize neuropeptides encoded by the gene "capa" only.

Morphological basis for coordination of growth and reproduction processes in the CNS of two terrestrial snails.

The morphology of cells immunoreactive to an antibody against molluscan insulin-related peptide (MIP-IR) was studied in two species of terrestrial snail: Helix lucorum L. and Eobania vermiculata L. Immunocytochemical staining with this antibody to MIP revealed 100-130 cells in the postcerebrum, located in two clusters with common pathways in the dorsal body nerve and the cerebral artery nerve.

The effects of sodium nitrite on neocortical neuron activity during performance of defensive and inhibitory conditioned reflexes.

Administration of the NO-generating substance sodium nitrite to conscious non-immobilized rabbits at a dose of 11 mg/kg (s.c.) decreased the intensity and duration of the short-latency "modality-specific" components of the responses of neurons in the visual cortex (to flashes of light) and sensorimotor cortex (to pain reinforcement).

EEG mapping in children with different dermatoglyphic patterns.

This study is an attempt to analyze the relationships between EEG and dermatoglyphic patterns (DP) in 6-8 years girls. EEG-mapping was carried out in 80 healthy girls with different types of DP in 6 frequency band: delta, theta, alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3 and beta. Certain connection of the palmar and finger patterns with the EEG characteristics was revealed.