Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence Diagnosed Late in the Third Trimester: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication associated with monochorionic twins. It is characterized by blood flow from the umbilical artery of the normal (pump) twin to the umbilical artery of the abnormal (acardiac) twin via artery-to-artery anastomosis. This condition is associated with 100% mortality in the acardiac twin and a high rate of perinatal morbidity and mortality in the pump twin, primarily due to intrauterine hypoxic injury, heart failure, and prematurity.

Anthropometric failure and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia.

Undernutrition in childhood is a crucial public health issue in Ethiopia. Yet, more than an assessment of undernutrition using conventional index is needed to conclude the overall prevalence of undernutrition among children aged 6-23 months. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition using composite index of anthropometric failure and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Southwest Ethiopia.

Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission Using a Hydrology-Based Model.

A combination of accelerated population growth and severe droughts has created pressure on food security and driven the development of irrigation schemes across sub-Saharan Africa. Irrigation has been associated with increased malaria risk, but risk prediction remains difficult due to the heterogeneity of irrigation and the environment. While investigating transmission dynamics is helpful, malaria models cannot be applied directly in irrigated regions as they typically rely only on rainfall as a source of water to quantify larval habitats.

Schoolchildren with asymptomatic malaria are potential hotspot for malaria reservoir in Ethiopia: implications for malaria control and elimination efforts.

Background: Schoolchildren with asymptomatic malaria infections often go undiagnosed and untreated, serving as reservoirs for infection that hamper malaria control and elimination efforts. In this context, little is known about the magnitude of asymptomatic malaria infections in apparently healthy schoolchildren in Ethiopia. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection and its associated factors in apparently healthy schoolchildren in Ethiopia.

Implementation Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Service at Public Health Facilities of Akaki Kality Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is widely acknowledged globally as an effective method for preventing and treating HIV/AIDS. It allows people to understand their HIV status, make informed choices about getting tested for it, evaluate their personal risk of contracting HIV, and create plans to reduce that risk. The study aimed to evaluate the process of VCT services in public health facilities of Akaki Kality sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Process Evaluation of Health System Responsiveness Level and Associated Factors Among Mothers Gave Birth at Obstetric Ward in a Tertiary Hospital, Southwest of Ethiopia: Mixed Study Methods.

Background: The term responsiveness emerged during the World Health Organization (WHO) report in 2000 as new and essential goals of the health systems to meet the needs of people to their expectations from different services being given in healthcare systems. Obstetric violence and childbirth mistreatment are global problems, but the worst obstetric violence usually occurs in underdeveloped countries. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of obstetric service at Jimma University Medical Center.

Formula feeding and associated factors among mothers with infants 0-6 months old in Mettu Town, Southwest Ethiopia.

Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential for children's normal development and well-being. However, the duration of breastfeeding has been declining and is being replaced by formula feeding, particularly in the urban communities of developing countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess formula feeding and its associated factors, as relatively little information is available regarding this problem in Ethiopia, particularly in Mettu Town.

Magnitude and predictors of anemia among preschool children (36-59 months) in Atingo town, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Anemia is a serious public health concern that affects more than 25% of the world's population. It is still widespread and at its most severe in Ethiopia. This study pointed to identify the magnitude and predictors of anemia in preschool children in Atinago.

Diagnostic performance of NxTek Eliminate Malaria-Pf test for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum in school children with asymptomatic malaria.

Background: One of the major roadblocks to the falciparum malaria elimination programme is the presence of a portion of the population, such as school children, with asymptomatic malaria infection. Targeting such reservoirs of infections is critical to interrupting transmission and enhancing elimination efforts. The NxTek Eliminate Malaria Pf test is a highly sensitive rapid diagnostic test (hsRDT) for the detection of HRP-2.

Tracing Makerere University's 100 years' contribution to lung science/medicine.

Dear Editor, African Health Sciences Journal, This year, 2022, Makerere University will be celebrating 100 years of existence. As current lung science/medicine experts, we felt it as important to trace the University's contribution to lung science and medicine. In this letter, we trace and describe some of the early work done by Makerere University/Mulago Hospital affiliated scientists, identify prominent players in lung science over the 100 years, and present the university's scholarly contribution to this field, as available in online databases.

In-hospital outcomes of patients with a hypertensive emergency at a medical center, Ethiopia: A prospective observational study.

Background: Hypertensive emergency is associated with substantial complications and loss of life across the world. Early identification and treatment of hypertensive emergency complications are critical to prevent or avoid any consequences. Despite this, in Ethiopia, studies addressing mortality rate and its predictors as well as complications of hypertensive emergency are limited.

Severe pneumonia: Treatment outcome and its determinant factors among under-five patients, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Over 2 million children die from pneumonia each year accounting for almost one in five children's deaths worldwide which is estimated to be 18% of mortality cases. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess treatment outcome and its determinant factors among under-five patients, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Methods: Study design was conducted on 522 under-five children with severe pneumonia from 1 January 2017 to 30 December 2020.

Longitudinal assessment of the exposure to Ascaris lumbricoides through copromicroscopy and serology in school children from Jimma Town, Ethiopia.

Background: We previously demonstrated that serology holds promise as an alternative diagnostic tool to copromicroscopy to monitor and evaluate deworming programs targeting soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Here we explored the dynamics of anti-Ascaris antibodies (Ab) and evaluated the Ab-isotype of choice to assess the longitudinal exposure to Ascaris in Ethiopian school children.

Methodology: Between October 2018 and February 2020, stool and blood samples were collected every four months from school children (4 to 6 years of age).

Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among patients of Jimma health center requested for stool examination, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are still a serious public health problem in poor and developing countries like Ethiopia. Local epidemiological data is crucial to design and monitor prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among patients requested for stool examination at Jimma health center, Southwest, Ethiopia.