Understanding trends in osteoporosis drug prescribing: implications for reducing futile biomedical research.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a significant geriatric condition, considering its impact on fracture-related morbidity and mortality, particularly among older women. The interplay of clinical evidence, diagnostic tools availability, and broader societal attitudes toward aging and treatment efficacy affect medical attitude and prescribing behaviors. Using the example of osteoporosis in France and England, the study aims to unravel the intricacies of medical decision-making in geriatric care, offering insights into the evolving landscape of healthcare policy and practice, which in turn can help reduce futile biomedical research.

Importance and fitness of family medicine milestone project from America to Taiwan.

Background: The six core competencies of ACGME - patient care (PC), medical knowledge (MK), systems-based practice (SBP), practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI), professionalism (PROF), and interpersonal and communication skills (ICS) - represent domains in which physicians must ultimately demonstrate competence. Although the ACGME's six core competencies have been applied in Taiwan with the milestone project, the application of the six core competences in the Family Medicine milestones for residency training have not yet been established.

Methods: We recruited 61 family medicine physicians from 25 hospitals from four major geographic areas for a Delphi round one survey and 72 physicians from 27 hospitals for a Delphi round two survey.

Influence of birthplace and age at migration on cognitive aging among Hispanic/Latino populations in the U.S.: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Background And Objectives: While Hispanic/Latino populations in the U.S. are remarkably diverse in terms of birthplace and age at migration, we poorly understand how these factors are associated with cognitive aging.

A Pilot Intervention to Prevent Financial Exploitation.

Objectives: Based on previous empirical research on financial stressors and resources and using a prevention science framework, this pilot study examined the effect and acceptability of a three-session older adult financial exploitation prevention intervention.

Methods: Forty-five older adults participated in the study. Each participant completed three 30- to 45-minute sessions.

[Factors Influencing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Employees With Metabolic Syndrome: An Example of a District Hospital in Northern Taiwan].

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder shown to be significantly correlated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Healthcare professionals affected by both MS and OSA may suffer from poor sleep quality, raising potential concerns about patient safety. Currently, there remains a gap in research specifically addressing the relationship between MS and OSA in healthcare professionals.

[New Directions in Elderly Care Workforce Nurturing: Cross-Professional Collaboration From a Social Co-Care Perspective, Drawing Insights From Japan's Elderly Care Experience].

The increasingly severe issue of societal aging worldwide has prompted the reevaluation of elderly-care strategies and related workforce development. This paper was developed to explore new directions in elderly care workforce development from the perspective of social co-care. The current state and challenges of elderly care personnel in Taiwan are analyzed, emphasizing the importance of cross-professional collaboration to enhancing elderly care quality.

Discrepancies between subjective and objective sleep assessments revealed by in-home electroencephalography during real-world sleep.

Sleep insufficiency and sleep disorders pose serious health challenges. This study aimed to determine the potential discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep assessments, including the latter made by physicians, by analyzing a 421-participant dataset in Japan comprising multiple nights of in-home sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) data and questionnaire responses on sleep habits or subjective experiences. We employed logistic regression models to examine which subjective and objective sleep parameters physicians are paying attention to when assessing sleep insufficiency, insomnia, sleep quality, and sleep apnea.

Effects of digital-based interventions on the outcomes of the eligibility criteria for sarcopenia in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: While the digital-based interventions targeting older adults to prevent age-related health problems such as sarcopenia have grown rapidly in recent years, there are no meta-analyses indicating synthesized pooled estimates.

Objective: To examine the effects of digital-based interventions on sarcopenia-related measures, including physical performance and muscle mass, in healthy community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Systematic searches were performed on MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for eligible studies published up to 31 March 2023.

Association of the Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Neutrophil to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio With the Severity of New-Onset Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MHR) and neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) are novel comprehensive indicators reflecting the body's inflammation and lipid metabolism. Previous studies have found that MHR and NHR are associated with the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and death. However, the correlation between MHR, NHR, and the severity of newly diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been thoroughly explored.

When acute myocardial infarction meets renal abscess: Case report and literature review.

Rationale: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading global cause of death from cardiovascular disease, and the mortality rate increases in the presence of comorbidities such as renal abscess. The treatment of AMI combined with renal abscess is challenging, especially in combination with urinary tract obstruction, as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can lead to progression of the renal abscess and deterioration of renal function. Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment of renal abscess in AMI.

Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Dementia Onset among Middle-aged and Older Adults: Differences by Race/Ethnicity.

Background: Racial/ethnic minoritized groups in the U.S. have higher prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and experience higher risk of dementia.

Protocol for a multi-domain scoping review to identify measures of decision-making ability in an ageing population.

Introduction: Deficits in decision-making (DM) can lead to adverse outcomes across multiple domains such as financial management and medical care. By hindering such DM abilities, cognitive impairment (CI) often affects quality of life. Routine screening for CI, however, does not include systematic and comprehensive assessment of DM ability.

Informal care for people with dementia in Europe.

Introduction: Informal care estimates for use in health-economic models are lacking. We aimed to estimate the association between informal care time and dementia symptoms across Europe.

Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on 13,529 observations in 5,369 persons from 9 European pooled cohort or trial studies in community-dwelling persons with dementia.

The impact of war on people with type 2 diabetes in Ukraine: a survey study.

Background: Although the number of studies reporting war-induced effects on the health of the Ukrainian population has been growing, there are still little data on assessing patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) during the war. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of war on T2D patients' health to define key risk factors promoting disease progression.

Methods: A survey covering various aspects of T2D patients' experience and glycemic control data was conducted from June 2022 to February 2024.

Masticatory performance indicates the development of psychological frailty: A 6-year prospective cohort study by the SONIC study group.

Purpose: Although the association between oral health and physical frailty is well established, psychological frailty has not been investigated. Therefore, this prospective cohort study was conducted to examine the association between masticatory performance and psychological frailty in older community-dwelling Japanese individuals.

Methods: The participants included 498 older adults who completed baseline and 3- and 6-year follow-up surveys.

Oogenesis involves a novel nuclear envelop remodeling mechanism in Schmidtea mediterranea.

The cell nuclei of Ophisthokonts, the eukaryotic supergroup defined by fungi and metazoans, is remarkable in the constancy of their double-membraned structure in both somatic and germ cells. Such remarkable structural conservation underscores common and ancient evolutionary origins. Yet, the dynamics of disassembly and reassembly displayed by Ophisthokont nuclei vary extensively.

Androgen receptor and osteoglycin gene expression predicting prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer.

This study aimed to identify the predictive factors associated with the oncological outcomes of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer-related genes. A nomogram for predicting prostate cancer-specific survival (CSS) was constructed based on biopsy samples obtained from 103 patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. We analyzed the association between clinical data and mRNA expression levels.

Herpesvirus Antibodies Are Correlated With Greater Expression of p16 in the T Cells of Humans.

Background: There is an increasing awareness that aging of the immune system, or immunosenescence, is a key biological process underlying many of the hallmark diseases of aging and age-related decline broadly. While immunosenescence can be in part due to normal age-related changes in the immune system, emerging evidence posits that viral infections may be biological stressors of the immune system that accelerate the pace of immunosenescence.

Methods: We used a convenience sample of 42 individuals aged 65 years and older to examine correlations between antiviral immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels for 4 human herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus [CMV], herpes simplex virus [types 1 and 2], and Epstein-Barr virus) and multiple indicators of T-cell immunosenescence.

Case report: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with severe central nervous system demyelination: a clinicopathological study.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated disease that mainly affects the peripheral nerves and nerve roots and typically presents with distal dominant motor and sensory disturbances as clinical symptoms. Central nervous system (CNS) demyelination with inflammation occurs infrequently in patients with CIDP. Here, we present a unique autopsy report of CIDP causing severe demyelination along the entire spinal cord.

Vitamin D and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-A Review of a Complicated Relationship.

Introduction: From the observation of a negative relationship between UV-B exposure and cancer rates, we hypothesized that vitamin D (VD) may play a protective role in oncogenesis. Moreover, repurposing a well-known and relatively safe drug for conditions with dismal prospects, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is a tempting idea. Thus, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of VD in the prevention and treatment of PDAC.

Reactions of clinical neuropsychologists to the Alzheimer's Association workgroup's draft diagnostic and staging criteria for Alzheimer's disease.

Background: An Alzheimer's Association (AA) workgroup published criteria for the diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, there have not been empirical investigations of professionals' opinions regarding the AA criteria for AD.

Objective: Our goal was to survey clinical neuropsychologists with expertise in dementia about these criteria.

Therapeutic Agents and Patient Characteristics Affecting Metabolism of Thiopurines in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objectives: In inflammatory bowel disease therapy, thiopurines have been essential.　However, several reports have investigated factors affecting thiopurine metabolism to date.　This study investigated factors affecting intracellular concentrations of 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) in a real-world setting.