Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Intrinsic capacity (IC) and frailty are inter-related yet distinct constructs which encapsulate functional capacities of older adults. There is uncertainty how IC is related to and interacts with the social (SF) and physical (PF) dimensions of frailty to influence cognition. We aim to examine IC, PF and SF profiles and compare the association between identified subtypes with change in cognition at 2 years METHODS: We studied 230 healthy community-dwelling older adults (age:67.

Optimising dementia screening in community-dwelling older adults: A rapid review of brief diagnostic tools in Singapore.

Introduction: Timely detection of dementia enables early access to dementia-specific care services and interventions. Various stakeholders brought together to refine Singapore's dementia care strategy identified a lack of a standardised cognitive screening tool and the absence of a comparative review of existing tools. We hence conducted a rapid review to evaluate the diagnostic performance of brief cognitive screening tools in identifying possible dementia among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore.

"Double-Gene" Small Molecule as Guest Component Promotes the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells Beyond 19.5.

Introduction of a guest component into the active layer is a simple yet effective approach to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Despite various guest components successfully employed in the OSCs, efficient guest components require deliberate design and ingenious inspiration, which still remains a big challenge for developing high performance OSCs. In this work, we propose a concept of "structural gene" engineering to create a new "double-gene" small molecule (L-DBDD) by simply combining the structures of both donor PM6 and acceptor L8-BO.

Rehabilitation - definition for research purposes.

Introduction And Objective: The Rehabilitation Definition for Research Purposes (RDRP), published in 2022 by Cochrane Rehabilitation, addresses discrepancies resulting from the multiplicity and heterogeneity of rehabilitation definitions hitherto used in the contexts of science, health, and social/legal aspects. The RDRP, based on the paradigm of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, provides clear-cut criteria for what rehabilitation includes and excludes. The final version of the RDRP achieved brad agreement among global stakeholders.

Salvianic acid A ameliorates atherosclerosis through metabolic-dependent anti-EndMT pathway and repression of TGF-β/ALK5 signaling.

Background: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been identified as a key factor to the initiation and progression of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Salvianic acid A (SAAS) is the primary water-soluble bioactive ingredient found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, is renowned for its therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of SAAS in treating EndMT-induced AS remain underexplored.

Use of platelet-rich plasma in rheumatic diseases.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained increasing recognition as a promising therapeutic agent in managing rheumatic diseases. Conventional treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), primarily act on reducing inflammation but fail to address the underlying mechanisms of connective tissue degradation. PRP, an autologous preparation enriched with growth factors and bioactive molecules, is pivotal in modulating inflammation and fostering tissue regeneration.

N6-methyladenosine-modified long non-coding RNA promotes stemness and sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating SHOX2 expression.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and aggressive tumor. Sorafenib is the first-line treatment for patients with advanced HCC, but resistance to sorafenib has become a significant challenge in this therapy. Cancer stem cells play a crucial role in sorafenib resistance in HCC.

Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and type 2 diabetic microvascular complications in euthyroid patients.

The correlation between thyroid hormone (TH) sensitivity and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the association between TH sensitivity and the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic neuropathy (DNP) in euthyroid T2DM patients. This study included a total of 946 hospitalized T2DM patients and calculated their sensitivity to the TH index, and each patient completed screenings for DKD, DR, and DNP.

One-Year Functional Evaluation of Patient After CD34+ Stem Cell Treatment for Hip Osteoarthritis.

: The etiology and causes of osteoarthritis are still being studied at the cellular and molecular level by many scientists around the world. With advances in knowledge, technology, and the need for complexity, new therapeutic approaches-such as restorative medicine-are being developed to protect the patient from endoprosthesis implantation, aiming to simultaneously restore and maintain physical and psychosocial function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy after the implantation of CD34+ stem cells into the hip joints of patients with osteoarthrosis.

Plasma biomarkers in patients with age-related sarcopenia: a proteomic exploration and experimental validation.

Background: Various biomarkers associated with sarcopenia have been identified. However, there is a scarcity of studies exploring and validating biomarkers in individuals with age-related sarcopenia.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the proteome and identify potential biomarkers for age-related sarcopenia.

The bidirectional relationship between intrinsic capacity and catastrophic health expenditure in China: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Intrinsic capacity (IC), as a potential proxy for healthy ageing, guidance on framing the concept is limited. Furthermore, research on the relationship between IC and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is scarce.The current study aims to construct a validated IC framework using structural equation modelling (SEM) and examine such an association among older adults in China.

Exploring the Feasibility of a Caregiver Burden-Mastery Hybrid Assessment Tool With Decision Matrix in a Memory Clinic: A Multimethod Study.

Introduction: Family members caring for a person living with dementia (PWD) can experience caregiver burden, leading to psychological distress if unmanaged. It's essential for healthcare professionals, especially nurses to identify caregivers at risk of stress and depression, triggering prompt management during their contact with caregivers of PWD. The study team developed an evidence-based caregiver burden-mastery hybrid assessment and intervention decision matrix (CHAT-MI) for caregivers of PWD and examined its feasibility of use.

Development of postural-motor, coordination, and reflex functions in children in the first year of life.

Objective: Aim: This paper discusses the development of postural-motor, coordination, and reflex functions in children during their first year of life. It proceeds in an orderly manner in stages in which the child actively acquires new psychomotor skills (developmental milestones). These milestones are permanent and have a lifelong impact on health and fitness.

Comorbidity in incident rheumatoid arthritis-a nationwide case-control study with bidirectional follow-up.

Objectives: To investigate the association between risk of different co-morbidities and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a temporal approach.

Methods: Retrospective, case-control study. Data were extracted from all healthcare claims for Poland between 2011-2021.

mRNA m5C Alteration in Azacitidine Demethylation Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

The DNA demethylating therapy with azacitidine (AZA) is a promising therapeutic strategy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AZA primarily inhibits DNA methylation, promotes cell differentiation and apoptosis in AML. However, as a cytosine nucleoside analog, AZA also has the potential to be incorporated into RNA molecules.

Serum neurofilament light chain as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in multiple system atrophy: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Neurofilament light chain (NFL) in blood has been identified as a valuable biomarker in multiple system atrophy (MSA), but data regarding its utility in the early diagnosis and prognosis of MSA remain limited.

Objective: To investigate serum NFL's diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with MSA in a prospective clinical cohort.

Methods: Two hundred twenty-eight participants were enrolled, including ninety-eight with MSA, seventeen with uncertain MSA at inclusion, fifty-nine with Parkinson's disease (PD), and fifty-four healthy controls (HCs).

COVID-19 health communication strategies for older adults: Chatbots and traditional media.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly accelerated the development and use of new healthcare technologies. While younger individuals may have been able to quickly embrace virtual advancements, older adults may still have different needs in terms of health communication.

Objectives: To identify areas of interest and preferred sources of information related to the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults and to verify their eHealth competencies.

Higher detectability of amyloid with phenol Congo red compared with alkaline Congo red.

Introduction: Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of conditions associated with tissue deposition of insoluble abnormal proteins that damage vital organs. Early diagnosis, when the deposits are minimal, determines the prognosis and requires histological confirmation. The commonly adopted gold standard technique is alkaline Congo red (ACR) staining, though its sensitivity is limited.

Genetic landscape of Romanian PPGLs.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumours that originate from chromaffin cells and occur in the adrenal medulla and in the sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglia. Nearly 70% of PPGLs result from germline or somatic mutations in a single driver gene. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic background and clinical characteristics related to genetic profile of patients with PPGLs from Romania.

Associating faces with names and meals as a biomarker of early AD in cognitively healthy individuals.

The Learning and Associative Memory (LAM) test is a face-name associative memory test created to detect early Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a recent study, it was administered to cognitively healthy individuals with different levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau burden. The key findings for LAM were: 1) selective correlations with Aβ levels, 2) unique discriminatory power between A + and A- individuals, 3) significantly higher areas under the curve in receiver operating curve analysis.

Multifunctional peptide-drug conjugate CORM-401@R9: A novel approach to combat oxidative stress in cataracts.

Cataracts, the leading cause of blindness globally, are primarily driven by oxidative stress and protein aggregation in the lens. Effective pharmacological treatments for cataracts are still elusive. This study developed a novel multifunctional peptide-drug conjugate, CORM-401@R9 (CO-R9), which activates in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and releases carbon monoxide (CO).

Long Dosing Intervals of Parenteral Antiosteoporosis Medications and the Decrease in Societal Fracture Risk: A 11-Year Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between different dosing intervals of antiosteoporosis medications (AOMs) and the subsequent fracture risk among patients with newly initiated AOM therapies.

Patients And Methods: In a nationwide population-based cohort study based on Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, osteoporosis patients with 50 years of age or older who newly initiated AOM from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018 (n=336,229) were included. We categorized AOMs into short dosing intervals (oral AOMs) or long dosing intervals (parenteral AOMs).

Impaired Sequential Working Memory in Patients With Young Onset Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Sequential working memory refers to the cognitive ability to maintain and/or manipulate a set of ordered representations within a short period. It remains unclear whether sequential working memory is impaired in patients with young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD).

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the sequential working memory in patients with YOPD.