Identification of Ancylostoma caninum in Domestic Dogs from Ecuador via Various Techniques.

BACKGROUND Ancylostoma caninum is a soil-borne, soil-transmitted helminth with infective larvae and produces cutaneous larva migrans in humans. The objective of this study was to confirm the presence of A. caninum in domestic dogs from the urban-marginal and rural sectors of the Ecuadorian coast through morphometry, culture, and molecular techniques.

Characterization of clumpy adhesion of to human cells and associated factors influencing antibiotic sensitivity.

Unlabelled: intestinal infection pathotypes are characterized by distinct adhesion patterns, including the recently described clumpy adhesion phenotype. Here, we identify and characterize the genetic factors contributing to the clumpy adhesion of strain 4972. In this strain, the transcriptome and proteome of adhered bacteria were found to be distinct from planktonic bacteria in the supernatant.

Abietic Acid as a Novel Agent against Ocular Biofilms: An In Vitro and Preliminary In Vivo Investigation.

Biofilm-related ocular infections can lead to vision loss and are difficult to treat with antibiotics due to challenges with application and increasing microbial resistance. In turn, the design and testing of new synthetic drugs is a time- and cost-consuming process. Therefore, in this work, for the first time, we assessed the in vitro efficacy of the plant-based abietic acid molecule, both alone and when introduced to a polymeric cellulose carrier, against biofilms formed by , , and in standard laboratory settings as well as in a self-designed setting using the topologically challenging surface of the artificial eye.

The Assessment of Activity of Antiseptic Agents against Biofilm of Measured with the Use of Processed Microscopic Images.

Staphylococcal biofilms are major causative factors of non-healing wound infections. Their treatment algorithms recommend the use of locally applied antiseptic agents to counteract the spread of infection. The efficacy of antiseptics against biofilm is assessed in vitro by a set of standard quantitative and semi-quantitative methods.

The Specific Capsule Depolymerase of Phage PMK34 Sensitizes to Serum Killing.

The rising antimicrobial resistance is particularly alarming for , calling for the discovery and evaluation of alternatives to treat infections. Some bacteriophages produce a structural protein that depolymerizes capsular exopolysaccharide. Such purified depolymerases are considered as novel antivirulence compounds.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of UVC Radiation, Gaseous Ozone, and Liquid Chemicals Used for Disinfection of Silicone Dental Impression Materials.

Effective disinfection of dental impressions is an indispensable requirement for the safety of dental personnel and patients. The ideal method should be not only effective but also convenient, cheap, and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to reliably evaluate the efficacy of ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation, gaseous ozone, and commercial liquid chemicals used for silicone dental impressions disinfection.

Protein with negative surface charge distribution, Bnr1, shows characteristics of a DNA-mimic protein and may be involved in the adaptation of Burkholderia cenocepacia.

Adaptation of opportunistic pathogens to their host environment requires reprogramming of a vast array of genes to facilitate survival in the host. Burkholderia cenocepacia, a Gram-negative bacterium with a large genome of ∼8 Mb that colonizes environmental niches, is exquisitely adaptable to the hypoxic environment of the cystic fibrosis lung and survives in macrophages. We previously identified an immunoreactive acidic protein encoded on replicon 3, BCAS0292.

Optimization of Propidium Monoazide qPCR (Viability-qPCR) to Quantify the Killing by the -Specific Endolysin PM-477, Directly in Vaginal Samples from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis.

Quantification of the number of living cells in biofilm or after eradication treatments of biofilm, is problematic for different reasons. We assessed the performance of pre-treatment of DNA, planktonic cells and ex vivo vaginal biofilms of with propidium monoazide (PMAxx) to prevent qPCR-based amplification of DNA from killed cells (viability-qPCR). Standard PMAxx treatment did not completely inactivate free DNA and did not affect living cells.

In Silico Screening and In Vitro Assessment of Natural Products with Anti-Virulence Activity against .

is one of the most frequent human pathogens and a leading etiological agent of various gastric diseases. As stringent response, coordinated by a SpoT protein, seems to be crucial for the survivability of , the main goal of this article was to use in silico computational studies to find phytochemical compounds capable of binding to the active site of SpoT from and confirm the ability of the most active candidates to interfere with the virulence of this bacterium through in vitro experiments. From 791 natural substances submitted for the virtual screening procedure, 10 were chosen and followed for further in vitro examinations.

Sucking of human blood by (O. F. Müller, 1846) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae): Case study with notes on body form.

Four events of sucking human blood are described.Human blood was sucked by both adult and juvenile specimens of . .

φYeO3-12 phage tail fiber Gp17 as a promising high specific tool for recognition of Yersinia enterocolitica pathogenic serotype O:3.

Yersiniosis is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by two enteropathogenic species of Gram-negative genus Yersinia: Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Pigs and other wild and domestic animals are reservoirs for these bacteria. Infection is usually spread to humans by ingestion of contaminated food.

The Effect of Rotating Magnetic Field on Susceptibility Profile of Methicillin-Resistant Strains Exposed to Activity of Different Groups of Antibiotics.

Methicillin-resistant strains of (MRSA) have become a global issue for healthcare systems due to their resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics, frequently accompanied by resistance to other classes of antibiotics. In this work, we analyzed the impact of combined use of rotating magnetic field (RMF) with various classes of antibiotics (β-lactams, glycopeptides, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones) against nine strains (eight methicillin-resistant and one methicillin-sensitive). The results indicated that the application of RMF combined with antibiotics interfering with cell walls (particularly with the β-lactam antibiotics) translate into favorable changes in staphylococcal growth inhibition zones or in minimal inhibitory concentration values compared to the control settings, which were unexposed to RMF.

The In Vitro Anti-Pseudomonal Activity of Cu, Strawberry Furanone, Gentamicin, and Lytic Phages Alone and in Combination: Pros and Cons.

In this study, we investigated the anti-pseudomonal activity of cupric ions (Cu), strawberry furanone (HDMF), gentamicin (GE), and three lytic bacteriophages (KT28, KTN4, LUZ19), separately and in combination. HDMF showed an anti-virulent effect but only when applied with Cu or GE. GE, at a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration, slowed down phage progeny production due to protein synthesis inhibition.

Modulation of ERG gene expression in fluconazole-resistant human and animal isolates of Trichophyton verrucosum.

Dermatophytes are a group of eukaryotic microorganisms characterized by high capacity to colonize keratinized structures such as the skin, hair, and nails. Over the past years, the incidence of infections caused by zoophilic species, e.g.

Klebsiella pneumoniae enolase-like membrane protein interacts with human plasminogen.

Many models assessing the risk of sepsis utilize the knowledge of the constituents of the plasminogen system, as it is proven that some species of bacteria can activate plasminogen, as a result of interactions with bacterial outer membrane proteins. However, much is yet to be discovered about this interaction since there is little information regarding some bacterial species. This study is aimed to check if Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the major factors of nosocomial pneumonia and a factor for severe sepsis, has the ability to bind to human plasminogen.

Whatever makes them stick - Adhesins of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is associated with extraintestinal infections and the development of colibacillosis, causing high mortality in farm birds and extensive losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The virulence of APEC is a complex phenomenon associated with numerous mechanisms involving a variety of extracellular and intracellular structures to overcome host barriers. Initial bacterial attachment or adhesion to host cells is vital to bacterial pathogenesis and is determined by various adhesins.

Therapeutic efficacy of topically used luliconazole vs. terbinafine 1% creams.

Objectives: Dermatomycoses of zoophilic origin, especially those caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, often pose considerable therapeutic problems. This is reflected in the growing number of strains of this species with resistance to terbinafine caused by a mutation in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene. Therefore, it is reasonable to look for alternative therapies to the commonly used terbinafine.

The evolutionary trade-offs in phage-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae entail cross-phage sensitization and loss of multidrug resistance.

Bacteriophage therapy is currently being evaluated as a critical complement to traditional antibiotic treatment. However, the emergence of phage resistance is perceived as a major hurdle to the sustainable implementation of this antimicrobial strategy. By combining comprehensive genomics and microbiological assessment, we show that the receptor-modification resistance to capsule-targeting phages involves either escape mutation(s) in the capsule biosynthesis cluster or qualitative changes in exopolysaccharides, converting clones to mucoid variants.

Targeting biofilms using phages and their enzymes.

The complex biofilm architecture composed of extracellular polymeric structures (EPS) provides a protective shield to physiologically diverse bacterial cells immersed in its structure. The evolutionary interplay between bacteria and their viruses (phages) forced the latter ones to develop specific strategies to overcome the biofilm defensive barriers and kill sessile cells. Phages are equipped with a wide panel of enzyme-degrading EPS macromolecules which together are powerful weapons to combat biofilms.

Special Issue: "Bacteriophages and Biofilms".

Biofilms are a community of surface-associated microorganisms characterized by the presence of different cell types in terms of physiology and phenotype [...

A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: opportunistic infections and microsporidioses.

After cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases are the second most common cause of death worldwide. Although these infections are caused mainly by viruses or bacteria, a systematically growing prevalence of human and animal opportunistic fungal infections is noticeable worldwide. More attention is being paid to this problem, especially due to the growing frequency of recalcitrant and recurrent mycoses.

The Phylogenetic Structure of Reptile, Avian and Uropathogenic with Particular Reference to Extraintestinal Pathotypes.

The impact of the Gram-negative bacterium ( on the microbiomic and pathogenic phenomena occurring in humans and other warm-blooded animals is relatively well-recognized. At the same time, there are scant data concerning the role of strains in the health and disease of cold-blooded animals. It is presently known that reptiles are common asymptomatic carriers of another human pathogen, , which, when transferred to humans, may cause a disease referred to as reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS).