The First Multiomics Association Study of Trace Element and Mineral Concentration and RNA Sequencing Profiles in Human Cancers.

Integration of various types of omics data is an important trend in contemporary molecular oncology. In this regard, high-throughput analysis of trace and essential elements in cancer biosamples is an emerging field that has not yet been sufficiently addressed. For the first time, we simultaneously obtained gene expression profiles (RNA sequencing) and essential and trace element profiles (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) for a set of human cancer samples.

Effect of 8-Oxo-1,-Ethenoadenine Derivatives on the Activity of RNA Polymerases from SARS-CoV-2 and .

Bacterial and viral RNA polymerases are promising targets for the development of new transcription inhibitors. One of the potential blockers of RNA synthesis is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-1,-ethenoadenine (oxo-εA), a synthetic compound that combines two adenine modifications: 8-oxoadenine and 1,-ethenoadenine. In this study, we synthesized oxo-εA triphosphate (oxo-εATP) and showed that it could be incorporated by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 into synthesized RNA opposite template residues A and G in the presence of Mn ions.

Role of Non-Canonical Stacking Interactions of Heterocyclic RNA Bases in Ribosome Function.

Identification and analysis of repetitive elements (motifs) in DNA, RNA, and protein macromolecules is an important step in studying structure and functions of these biopolymers. Functional role of NA-BSE (non-adjacent base-stacking element, a widespread tertiary structure motif in various RNAs) in RNA-RNA interactions at various stages of the ribosome function during translation has been investigated in this work. Motifs of this type have been described to date that are reversibly formed during mRNA decoding, moving of the ribosome subunits relative to each other, and moving mRNA and tRNA along the ribosome during translocation.

Auxin Triggers AHR Pathway Activation in the Auxin-Inducible Degron System in Mammalian Cells.

The auxin-inducible degron (AID) system is widely used to study function of various proteins. The plant hormone auxin is used as an inducer in this system, which easily penetrates into the cells and causes proteasomal degradation of the protein of interest fused to a small degron tag. It is often assumed that as a plant hormone, auxin does not significantly affect physiology of animal cells.

Activation of P38 MAPK Signaling Cascade is Linked with Clinical Outcomes and Therapeutic Responses in Human Cancers.

Activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways is vital in regulating cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress response, significantly affecting tumorigenesis and cancer progression. We developed a bioinformatic technique to construct an interactome network-based molecular pathways for genes of interest and quantify their activation levels using high-throughput gene expression data. This study is focused on the p38α, p38β, p38γ, and p38δ kinases, examining their activation levels (PALs) based on transcriptomic data and their associations with survival and drug responsiveness across various cancer types.

Effects of the RNA-Binding Protein Sam68 on Poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase 1 Activity.

Taking into account involvement of the RNA-binding proteins in regulation of activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a key factor of DNA repair, the effect of the intrinsically disordered protein Sam68 (Src-associated substrate during mitosis of 68 kDa) on catalytic activity of this enzyme was studied. Plasmid containing coding sequence of the Sam68 protein was obtained. Using the obtained construct, conditions for the Sam68 expression in cells were optimized and procedure for protein purification was developed.

Metabolomic Profiles of Siberian Wood Frog in Hypoxia and Upon Reoxygenation.

Hypoxia poses a serious challenge for all animals; however, certain animals exhibit a remarkable resilience in the case of prolonged and severe hypoxia. The Siberian wood frog is a unique amphibian capable of surviving for up to several months at almost complete anoxia. We investigated changes in the metabolome of at the onset of hypoxia (day 1) and within 1 h of reoxygenation after a long-term hypoxia using H NMR.

Gender differences in cognitive impairment among the elderly in rural West Texas counties.

Background: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease or dementia in the elderly population has been increasing both nationally and globally. Males and females are impacted differently when it comes to cognitive health, and this can be influenced by various risk factors.

Objective: This study highlights the sociodemographic, chronic disease, and genetic biomarker risk factors associated with gender differences and cognitive impairments in the elderly population living in Cochran, Parmer, and Bailey counties of rural West Texas.

Sleep and circadian rhythms modeling: From hypothalamic regulatory networks to cortical dynamics and behavior.

Sleep and circadian rhythms are regulated by dynamic physiologic processes that operate across multiple spatial and temporal scales. These include, but are not limited to, genetic oscillators, clearance of waste products from the brain, dynamic interplay among brain regions, and propagation of local dynamics across the cortex. The combination of these processes, modulated by environmental cues, such as light-dark cycles and work schedules, represents a complex multiscale system that regulates sleep-wake cycles and brain dynamics.

Anthocyanin can improve the survival of rice seeds from solar light outside the international space station.

A purple-pigmented (purple) rice seeds containing an anthocyanin, a major class of flavonoids, and their isogenic non-pigmented (white) seeds were exposed outside of the international space station (ISS) to evaluate the impact of anthocyanin on seed viability in space. The rice seeds were placed in sample plates at the exposed facility of ISS for 440 days, with the bottom layer seeds exposed to space radiation and the top layer seeds exposed to both solar light and space radiation. Though the seed weight of both purple and white seeds decreased after exposure to outer space, growth percentages after germination of purple and white seeds in the top layer were 55 and 15 %, respectively, compared to those in the bottom layer 100 and 70 %, respectively.

Integrated spaceflight transcriptomic analyses and simulated space experiments reveal key molecular features and functional changes driven by space stressors in space-flown C. elegans.

The space environment presents unique stressors, such as microgravity and space radiation, which can induce molecular and physiological changes in living organisms. To identify key reproducible transcriptomic features and explore potential biological roles in space-flown C. elegans, we integrated transcriptomic data from C.

DOGMA-seq and multimodal, single-cell analysis in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex cancer, yet advances in recent years from integrated genomics methods have helped improve diagnosis, treatment, and means of patient stratification. A recent example of a powerful, multimodal method is DOGMA-seq, which can measure chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and cell-surface protein levels from the same individual cell simultaneously. Previous bimodal single-cell techniques, such as CITE-seq (Cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes), have only permitted the transcriptome and cell-surface protein expression measurement.

Epigenetic modulation of doxorubicin resistance and strategies for enhancing chemotherapeutic sensitivity.

With the rising global cancer burden, the dependency on chemotherapy also rises along with the complication of chemoresistance development. Studies on multi-drug resistant proteins provide a wide range of regulators, although the exact mechanism is not yet clearly understood. Epigenetic modifications play a vital role in the regulation of cellular processes and also in determining the efficacy of cancer therapy by modulating resistance development and tumor progression.

The translational potential of epigenetic modulatory bioactive phytochemicals as adjuvant therapy against cancer.

In preclinical studies, bioactive phytochemicals have shown enormous potential therapeutic efficacy against various human malignancies. These natural compounds have been shown to possess an inherent potential to alter the molecular signaling pathways and epigenetic modulatory activity involved in multiple physiological functions. Recently, epigenetic therapy has emerged as an important therapeutic modality due to the reversible nature of epigenetic alterations.

Role of miRNAs as epigenetic regulators of immune checkpoints in lung cancer immunity.

The advent of immunotherapy in cancer has provided new avenues in the treatment of many malignancies at various stages. Specifically, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the field of lung cancer treatment. However, since some tumors can evade the immune system, not all patients respond properly.

[SELENON-related myopathy with scoliosis and respiratory failure since early childhood diagnosed through reassessment during pediatric-to-adult healthcare transition: a case report].

The patient was a 33-year-old woman with no family history of a similar disorder. At one year of age, she exhibited scoliosis and respiratory failure, necessitating a tracheostomy performed at 5 years of age (1990s). During that time, the patient was provisionally diagnosed with "non-Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy" via muscle biopsy.

[Guidelines for presymptomatic genetic testing for adult-onset hereditary neuromuscular diseases in Japan].

In Japan, there are no nationwide guidelines for presymptomatic testing for hereditary neuromuscular diseases. Although each institution has been dealing with this situation by using their own procedures to date, it is necessary to develop a standardized guidelines based on the Japanese medical system, because the development of disease-modifying therapies has progressed, and we are entering an era in which early diagnosis and early treatment are necessary. The guidelines presented here were devised by the Committee on Medical Genetics of the Japan Neurological Society.

Involvement of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) in estrogen-induced repression of arcuate Kiss1 expression in female rats.

Hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) kisspeptin neurons are considered the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in rats. In virgin rats, the expression of the ARC kisspeptin gene (Kiss1) is repressed by proestrous levels of estradiol-17β (high E2) but not by diestrous levels of E2 (low E2). In lactating rats, ARC Kiss1 expression is repressed by low E2 during late lactation.

[Analysis of Factors That Promote Awareness of Breast MRI Surveillance for Carriers of Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk Genes ( BRCA1/2)].

Purpose: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancers (HBOC) carry a high risk of breast cancer, and detailed screening with contrast-enhanced breast MRI (breast MRI surveillance) is recommended. With the increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with HBOC, the demand for breast MRI surveillance is also rising. However, the current system is inadequate, with factors such as lack of knowledge and indifference among healthcare professionals, and insufficient understanding of breast MRI surveillance being cited.

Plasma membrane-coated nanoparticles and membrane vesicles to orchestrate multimodal antitumor immunity.

Background: A number of immunotherapeutic approaches have been developed and are entering the clinic. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are one of these modalities and induce robust efficacy by endogenous T cells in several hematological malignancies. However, most of the treated patients experience only a temporary benefit.

Ruminal microbial responses to Moringa oleifera feed in lactating goats (Capra hircus): A metagenomic exploration.

The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of Moringa oleifera feed on the taxonomy and function of the rumen microbial community, and further to evaluate its impact on milk yield and body weight in lactating goats. Nineteen goats were divided into moringa leaf diet (ML; n=10) and masoor straw (MS; n=9) groups. For each group fortnight milk yield and body weight was recorded.

Nuclear calcium signaling in D1 receptor-expressing neurons of the nucleus accumbens regulates molecular, cellular and behavioral adaptations to cocaine.

Background: The persistence of cocaine-evoked adaptations relies on gene regulations within the reward circuit, especially in the ventral striatum (i.e., nucleus accumbens (NAc)).

Behavior and oxidative stress evaluation of scorpion Tityus serrulatus (Lutz & Mello,1922) envenomation with genomic modulation and dopaminergic neutralization by antiscorpionic serum treatment.

Tityus serrulatus accident promote vast symptomatology related to toxins of the venom, which leads to a massive release of neurotransmitters, notably dopamine, affecting behavior and neurochemistry. The recommended treatment for envenomation is the antiscorpionic serum (SAEsc) administration. Related to this complexity of the Tityus serrulatus envenomation, this study aimed to assess organism responses to the venom, its impact on behavior, oxidative stress, neurochemistry, and genetic impacts, as well as the efficacy of SAEsc, especially concerning dopamine levels and genetic interactions.

Transcriptome analysis reveals significant discrepancies between two in vitro models of host-trematode interaction.

Cell models emulating an in vitro parasitic infection can greatly improve our understanding of helminthiases. Nonetheless, it remains challenging to select an appropriate in vitro model to study molecular pathogenesis of infections by trematodes having a complex life cycle. Therefore, adequate models are in high demand.

TFII-I/GTF2I regulates globin gene expression and stress response in erythroid cells.

Transcription factor TFII-I/GTF2I is ubiquitously expressed and has been shown to play a role in the differentiation of hematopoietic cells and in the response to various cellular stressors. We previously demonstrated that TFII-I acts as a repressor of adult β-globin gene transcription and positively regulates expression of stress response proteins, including ATF3. Here we analyzed the function of TFII-I in TF-1 cells during erythroid differentiation and in response to cellular stress, including unfolded protein response, hypoxia, and oxidative stress.