Spatial and temporal dynamics of the bacterial community under experimental warming in field-grown wheat.

Climate change may lead to adverse effects on agricultural crops, plant microbiomes have the potential to help hosts counteract these effects. While plant-microbe interactions are known to be sensitive to temperature, how warming affects the community composition and functioning of plant microbiomes in most agricultural crops is still unclear. Here, we utilized a 10-year field experiment to investigate the effects of warming on root zone carbon availability, microbial activity and community composition at spatial (root, rhizosphere and bulk soil) and temporal (tillering, jointing and ripening stages of plants) scales in field-grown wheat ( L.

Effects of warming on seed germination of woody species in temperate secondary forests.

Seed germination, a critical stage of the plant life cycle providing a link between seeds and seedlings, is commonly temperature-dependent. The global average surface temperature is expected to rise, but little is known about the responses of seed germination of woody plants in temperate forests to warming. In the present study, dried seeds of 23 common woody species in temperate secondary forests were incubated at three temperature sequences without cold stratification and after experiencing cold stratification.

Nitrate as an alternative electron acceptor destabilizes the mineral associated organic carbon in moisturized deep soil depths.

Numerous studies have investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition. However, most studies have focused on the shallow top soils <0.2 m (surface soil), with a few studies also examining the deeper soil depths of 0.

Anthropogenic N input increases global warming potential by awakening the "sleeping" ancient C in deep critical zones.

Even a small net increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization will cause a substantial increase in the atmospheric CO concentration. It is widely recognized that the SOC mineralization within deep critical zones (2 to 12 m depth) is slower and much less influenced by anthropogenic disturbance when compared to that of surface soil. Here, we showed that 20 years of nitrogen (N) fertilization enriched a deep critical zone with nitrate, almost doubling the SOC mineralization rate.

The trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene regulates primary root growth and lateral root elongation.

Roots are the main organs through which plants absorb water and nutrients. As the key phytohormone involved in root growth, auxin functions in plant environmental responses by modulating auxin synthesis, distribution and polar transport. The gene can improve root architecture, and mutants have significantly shortened primary roots.

Species of fast bulk-soil nutrient cycling have lower rhizosphere effects: A nutrient spectrum of rhizosphere effects.

Tree roots not only acquire readily-usable soil nutrients but also affect microbial decomposition and manipulate nutrient availability in their surrounding soils, that is, rhizosphere effects (REs). Thus, REs challenge the basic understanding of how plants adapt to the environment and co-exist with other species. Yet, how REs vary among species in response to species-specific bulk soil nutrient cycling is not well-known.

Reactive Oxygen Species Promote Nitrous Oxide (NO) Emissions from Soil/Sediment during the Anoxic-Oxic Transition.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced element/pollutant geochemical processes in fluctuating anoxic-oxic areas have received increasing attention in recent years. Nitrous oxide (NO) is a strong greenhouse gas; however, the relationship between ROS and NO emissions in these areas has not been established. This work revealed the essential role of ROS in promoting NO emissions in soil/sediment during the anoxic-oxic transition.

Impacts of Drought and Rehydration Cycles on Isoprene Emissions in Seedlings.

The volatile organic compounds emitted by plants significantly impact the atmospheric environment. The impacts of drought stress on the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions of plants are still under debate. In this study, the effects of two drought-rehydration cycle groups with different durations on isoprene emissions from (black poplar) seedlings were studied.

Different responses of growth and physiology to warming and reduced precipitation of two co-existing seedlings in a temperate secondary forest.

Warming and precipitation reduction have been concurrent throughout this century in most temperate regions (e.g., Northeast China) and have increased drought risk to the growth, migration, or mortality of tree seedlings.

Quantification of N and C cycling during aerobic composting, including automated direct measurement of N, NO, NO, NH, CO and CH emissions.

Closing the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance has yet to be achieved in aerobic bioprocess due to current methodological drawbacks in the frequency of sampling and detection and the challenge in direct measurement of instantaneous N emission. To address this issue, a novel system was developed enabling simultaneous and online determination of gaseous C and N species (N, NO, NO, NH, CO and CH) from aerobic composting at a high frequency of 120 times·d. A helium‑oxygen gas mixture was used to replace the air in the system to enable direct measurement of N emission, and three different gas exchange methods were assessed in their ability to minimize atmospheric background N: 1) the N-free gas purging method; 2) one cycle of the evacuation-refilling procedure; 3) one cycle of evacuating and refilling followed by N-free gas purging.

Past and future pesticide losses to Chinese waters under socioeconomic development and climate change.

Increasing pesticide use pollutes Chinese surface waters. Pesticides often enter waters through surface runoff from agricultural fields. This occurs especially during heavy rainfall events.

China's low-emission pathways toward climate-neutral livestock production for animal-derived foods.

Animal-derived food production accounts for one-third of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Diet followed in China is ranked as low-carbon emitting (i.e.

Role of Organic and Conservation Agriculture in Ammonia Emissions and Crop Productivity in China.

There is an increasing food demand with growing population and limited land for agriculture. Conventional agriculture with nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications, however, is a key source of ammonia (NH) emissions that cause severe haze pollution and impair human health. Organic and conservation agricultural (OCA) practices are thereby recommended to address these dual challenges; however, whether OCA provides cobenefits for both air quality and crop productivity is controversial.

Relocate 10 billion livestock to reduce harmful nitrogen pollution exposure for 90% of China's population.

Livestock production in China is increasingly located near urban areas, exposing human populations to nitrogen pollution via air and water. Here we analyse livestock and human population data across 2,300 Chinese counties to project the impact of alternative livestock distributions on nitrogen emissions. In 2012 almost half of China's livestock production occurred in peri-urban regions, exposing 60% of the Chinese population to ammonia emissions exceeding UN guidelines.

Dynamics of Spring Regrowth and Comparative Production Performance of 50 Autumn-Sown Alfalfa Cultivars in the Coastal Saline Soil of North China.

Alfalfa ( L.) production is affected by many factors, including management practices, soil conditions, and the environmental elements of the target area. Varietal differences, in terms of agronomic performance and forage yield, among 50 alfalfa cultivars under six harvest systems following regrowth were evaluated during the growing season of 2019-2020 under non-irrigated rainfed conditions in a coastal saline-alkali soil region of North China.

Advanced composting technologies promotes environmental benefits and eco-efficiency: A life cycle assessment.

Growing demand for intensive animal farms and increased public awareness of environmental friendliness, have led to continuous iteration and refinement of the initially crude composting technology. However, the impact of the composting facility and energy input on eco-efficiency is limited. In this study, a LCA approach was conducted to investigate the eco-efficiency of four widely applied composting strategies: static heaps (SH), windrow composting (WC), membrane-covered composting (MC) and reactor composting (RC).

Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality.

Global development has been heavily reliant on the overexploitation of natural resources since the Industrial Revolution. With the extensive use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other forms of land-use change, anthropogenic activities have contributed to the ever-increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, causing global climate change. In response to the worsening global climate change, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is the most pressing task on the planet.

The miR156b-GmSPL9d module modulates nodulation by targeting multiple core nodulation genes in soybean.

Symbiotic nodulation is initiated in the roots of legumes in response to low nitrogen and rhizobial signal molecules and is dynamically regulated by a complex regulatory network that coordinates rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. It has been shown that the miR156-SPL module mediates nodulation in legumes; however, conclusive evidence of how this module exerts its function during nodulation remains elusive. Here, we report that the miR156b-GmSPL9d module regulates symbiotic nodulation by targeting multiple key regulatory genes in the nodulation signalling pathway of soybean.

Nitrogen losses from food production in the North China Plain: A case study for Quzhou.

Nitrogen (N) management is essential for food security. The North China Plain is an important food producing region, but also a hotspot of N losses to the environment. This results in water, soil, and air pollution.

Comprehensive quantification of global cropland ammonia emissions and potential abatement.

Ammonia (NH) emissions mostly from agriculture result in air pollution and degrade human health. However, a full picture of soil NH emissions and associated abatement in cropping systems are not well understood. Here we present a thorough analysis of cropland NH emissions, discuss mitigation potential and assess associated abatement costs.

The effects of electric field assisted composting on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions varied with different electrolytes.

Enhancing electron transfer through directly elevating electric potential has been verified to reduce gaseous emissions from composting. Reducing electric resistance of composting biomass might be a choice to further strengthening electron transfer. Here, the effects of chemical electrolytes addition on gaseous Nitrogen emission in electric field assistant composting were investigated.