248 results match your criteria: "Institute of Fruit Tree Science[Affiliation]"
Breed Sci
January 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605 , Japan.
The family Rosaceae includes many economically important fruit trees, such as pear, apple, peach, cherry, quince, apricot, plum, raspberry, and loquat. Over the past few years, whole-genome sequences have been released for Chinese pear, European pear, apple, peach, Japanese apricot, and strawberry. These sequences help us to conduct functional and comparative genomics studies and to develop new cultivars with desirable traits by marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.
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January 2016
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan.
Carotenoids are not only important to the plants themselves but also are beneficial to human health. Since citrus fruit is a good source of carotenoids for the human diet, it is important to study carotenoid profiles and the accumulation mechanism in citrus fruit. Thus, in the present paper, we describe the diversity in the carotenoid profiles of fruit among citrus genotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreed Sci
January 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605 , Japan.
The Ussurian pear is the most important cultivated pear in the northern part of China. Cultivated Ussurian pears are considered to have derived from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. which is native to the northeast of China.
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January 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605 , Japan.
The diversity of climate, from subarctic to subtropical, and the complex geological history of Japan have produced a rich biodiversity. The flora includes several hundred species of native woody plants with edible fleshy fruits or nuts. People have eaten them from prehistoric times until about a half century ago.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreed Sci
January 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605 , Japan.
Tropical fruit crops are predominantly produced in tropical and subtropical developing countries, but some are now grown in southern Japan. Pineapple (Ananas comosus), mango (Mangifera indica) and papaya (Carica papaya) are major tropical fruits cultivated in Japan. Modern, well-organized breeding systems have not yet been developed for most tropical fruit species.
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January 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605 , Japan.
Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) originated in Eastern Asia, and many indigenous cultivars have been developed in China, Japan, and Korea. These cultivars are classified into four groups based on their natural astringency loss on the tree and seed formation: pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA), pollination-variant non-astringent (PVNA), pollination-constant astringent (PCA), and pollination-variant astringent (PVA). PCNA is the most desirable type because the fruit can be eaten without any postharvest treatment; therefore, one of the goals of our persimmon breeding programs is to release superior PCNA cultivars.
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January 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605 , Japan.
The Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) is one of the most widely grown fruit trees in Japan, and it has been used throughout Japan's history. The commercial production of pears increased rapidly with the successive discoveries of the chance seedling cultivars 'Chojuro' and 'Nijisseiki' around 1890, and the development of new cultivars has continued since 1915. The late-maturing, leading cultivars 'Niitaka' and 'Shinko' were released during the initial breeding stage.
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January 2016
Grape and Persimmon Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 301-2 Akitsu, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 729-2494 , Japan.
In Japan, few grape cultivars related to Vitis vinifera existed 200 years ago, on account of Japan's high rainfall. Many V. labruscana and vinifera cultivars were introduced to Japan in the 19th century.
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January 2016
Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 485-6 Okitsunakacho, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292 , Japan.
Citrus is one of the most cultivated fruits in the world, and satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is a major cultivated citrus in Japan. Many excellent cultivars derived from satsuma mandarin have been released through the improvement of mandarins using a conventional breeding method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
June 2016
Apple Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka, JapanUniversity of Maryland.
Unlabelled: RNA silencing acts as a defense mechanism against virus infection in a wide variety of organisms. Here, we investigated inductions of RNA silencing against encapsidated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) fungal viruses (mycoviruses), including a partitivirus (RnPV1), a quadrivirus (RnQV1), a victorivirus (RnVV1), a mycoreovirus (RnMyRV3), and a megabirnavirus (RnMBV1) in the phytopathogenic fungus Rosellinia necatrix Expression profiling of RNA silencing-related genes revealed that a dicer-like gene, an Argonaute-like gene, and two RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes were upregulated by RnMyRV3 or RnMBV1 infection but not by other virus infections or by constitutive expression of dsRNA in R. necatrix Massive analysis of viral small RNAs (vsRNAs) from the five mycoviruses showed that 19- to 22-nucleotide (nt) vsRNAs were predominant; however, their ability to form duplexes with 3' overhangs and the 5' nucleotide preferences of vsRNAs differed among the five mycoviruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Genomics
March 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8605, Japan.
Background: In woody perennial plants, including deciduous fruit trees, such as pear, endodormancy is a strategy for surviving the cold winter. A better understanding of the mechanism underlying the endodormancy phase transition is necessary for developing countermeasures against the effects of global warming. In this study, we analyzed the sRNAome of Japanese pear flower buds in endodormant and ecodormant stages over two seasons by implementing of RNA-seq and degradome-sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Cell Physiol
May 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8605 Japan
In the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) 'Kosui', three developmental stages of lateral flower buds have been proposed to occur during ecodormancy to the flowering phase, i.e. rapid enlargement, sprouting and flowering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Nutr
April 2016
1Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science,National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO),485-6 Okitsu-Nakachou,Shimizu, Shizuoka City,Shizuoka 424-0292,Japan.
Many recent studies have shown that antioxidant vitamins and/or carotenoids may reduce liver disease, but this association has not been well established with thorough longitudinal cohort studies. The objective of this study was to longitudinally investigate whether serum carotenoids at baseline are associated with the risk of developing elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) among Japanese subjects. We conducted a follow-up study of 1073 males and females aged between 30 and 79 years at baseline from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study.
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February 2016
National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a destructive pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease, causing severe economic losses to kiwifruit industry worldwide. Biovar 5 is the most recently reported biovar of Psa, and is found in only a local area of Japan at present.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Bot
December 2017
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, PR China.
Plant Sci
February 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan. Electronic address:
Virus Res
July 2016
Department of Apple Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), 92 Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka 020-0123, Japan. Electronic address:
A new virus termed Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 2 (RnMBV2) was molecularly and biologically characterized. RnMBV2 was originally harbored in isolate W8 of R. necatrix co-infected with the previously reported virus Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 1 (RnPV1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open Diabetes Res Care
December 2015
Citrus Research Division , NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Shizuoka City, Shizuoka , Japan.
Objective: Recent epidemiological studies show the association of antioxidant carotenoids with type 2 diabetes, but thorough longitudinal cohort studies regarding this association have not been well conducted. The objective of this study was to investigate longitudinally whether serum carotenoids are associated with the risk for developing type 2 diabetes among Japanese subjects.
Research Design And Methods: We conducted a follow-up study on 1073 males and females aged 30-79 years at the baseline from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study.
BMC Plant Biol
November 2015
Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture Forestry, and Fisheries, 7549-1 Yoshikawa, Kibi-chou, Okayama, 716-1241, Japan.
Background: Red coloration of fruit skin is one of the most important traits in peach (Prunus persica), and it is mainly due to the accumulation of anthocyanins. Three MYB10 genes, PpMYB10.1, PpMYB10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus Res
July 2016
Apple Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan. Electronic address:
Fungi are an important component of the soil ecosystem. Mycoviruses have numerous potential impacts on soil fungi, including phytopathogenic fungal species. However, the diversity and ecology of mycoviruses in soil fungi is largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Insect Physiol
December 2015
Breeding and Pest Management Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan.
Bat-and-moth is a good model system for understanding predator-prey interactions resulting from interspecific coevolution. Night-flying insects have been under predation pressure from echolocating bats for 65Myr, pressuring vulnerable moths to evolve ultrasound detection and evasive maneuvers as counter tactics. Past studies of defensive behaviors against attacking bats have been biased toward noctuoid moth responses to short duration pulses of low-duty-cycle (LDC) bat calls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTree Physiol
January 2016
NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan.
The regulatory mechanisms underlying bud breaking (scale leaf elongation) and flowering in the lateral flower buds of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai 'Kosui') are unknown. To more fully characterize these processes, we treated pear trees with different amounts of chilling initiated at different times. Chilling for ∼900 h at 6 °C always induced bud breaking (scale elongation in ≥70% lateral flower bud) when provided between October and February, whereas chilling provided earlier (between October and December) was less effective on flowering (floret growth and development) than later chilling and the flowering rate increased with longer chilling durations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
November 2015
National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba, Japan.
Plants are challenged by a variety of biotic or abiotic stresses, which can affect their growth and development, productivity, and geographic distribution. In order to survive adverse environmental conditions, plants have evolved various adaptive strategies, among which is the accumulation of metabolites that play protective roles. A well-established example of the metabolites that are involved in stress responses, or stress tolerance, is the low-molecular-weight aliphatic polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus Res
July 2016
Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan. Electronic address:
The family Partitiviridae comprises of five genera with bi-segmented dsRNA genomes that accommodate members infecting plants, fungi or protists. All partitiviruses with only a few exceptions cause asymptomatic infections. We report the characterization of a novel betapartitivirus termed Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 6 (RnPV6) from a field isolate of a plant pathogenic fungus, white root rot fungus.
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