Role of Simulated Digests in Shaping Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels.

The connection between gut microbiota and factors like diet is crucial for maintaining intestinal balance, which in turn impacts the host's overall health. microalgae is a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, mainly known for its used in aquaculture and extraction of bioactive lipids, with potential health benefits whose effects on human gut microbiota are still unknown. Therefore, the goal of this work was to assess the impact of on human gut microbiota composition and derived metabolites by combining the INFOGEST protocol and in vitro colonic fermentation process to evaluate potential effects on human gut microbiota conformation through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and its metabolic functionality.

Optimization of a Pressurized Extraction Process Based on a Ternary Solvent System for the Recovery of Neuroprotective Compounds from Leaves.

Green chemistry focuses on reducing the environmental impacts of chemicals through sustainable practices. Traditional methods for extracting bioactive compounds from leaves, such as hydro-distillation and organic solvent extraction, have limitations, including long extraction times, high energy consumption, and potential toxic solvent residues. This study explored the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and gas-expanded liquid (GXL) processes to improve efficiency and selectivity.

Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds.

Propolis is a valuable natural resource for extracting various beneficial compounds. This study explores a sustainable extraction approach for Brazilian green propolis. First, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process parameters were optimized (co-solvent: 21.

A Comparative Digestion Study of Three Lipid Delivery Systems for Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Intended to Be Used for Preterm Infants.

It is well stablished that docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (ARA) acids fulfill relevant biological activities, especially in newborns. However, oils containing these fatty acids are not always optimally digestible. To address this, various formulation strategies and lipid delivery systems have been developed.

Gut microbiome and clinical and lifestyle host factors associated with recurrent positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 are still active in the population. Some patients remained PCR-positive for more than 4 weeks, called "persistently PCR-positive". Recent evidence suggests a link between the gut microbiota and susceptibility to COVID-19, although no studies have explored persistent PCR conditions.

Improving the reliability of phthalate esters analysis in water samples by gas chromatography-tube plasma ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-TPI-HRMS).

The monitoring of phthalate esters (PAEs) is challenging due to background contamination as well as the low selectivity observed when analyzing them by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using electron ionization (EI). In this sense, alternative and soft ionization techniques could help to enhance the performance of the analytical determinations of PAEs in food samples. In this work, the use of a novel and soft ionization technique tube plasma ionization (TPI) has been explored to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity in the determination of PAEs in drinking water samples with GC-MS.

Study of the oxidative stability via Oxitest and Rancimat of phenolic-rich olive oils obtained by a sequential process of dehydration, expeller and supercritical CO extractions.

The oxidative stability of olive oils extracted by different methods, i.e. conventional 2-phase extraction (cOO), and sequential extraction by expeller press (eOO) and supercritical CO (SCOO), was determined by using two accelerated oxidation methods, Oxitest and Rancimat, in the temperature range 90-160°C.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracts on a Model of Diet-Induced Steatosis.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are widely recognised as factors that can initiate and facilitate the development of MAFLD. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of low and high doses of var. peel extract (L-OD and H-OD, respectively) and var.

Evaluation of the Sensory Quality and Shelf Life of a Bioactive Essence Rich in Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidants, Obtained from Eco-Sustainable Iberian Ham.

Food sustainability through traditional food production and the reuse of food by-products is one of the characteristics most valued by consumers. The production of Iberian ham is linked to the vaporization and sustainability of the dehesa and the conservation and maintenance of the rural environment, but there are some by-products that are not destined for direct consumption. In this context, previous studies have used trimmed fat to obtain a bioactive essence rich in antioxidants and monounsaturated fatty acids.

Effects of var. Extracts Obtained from Prickly Pear and an Industrial By-Product on Maturing Pre-Adipocytes.

var. , a member of the Cactaceae family, produces a fruit known as prickly pear. This fruit is rich in bioactive compounds, including betalains and phenolic compounds, which play an important role in health promotion due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Green guaje (Leucaena leucocephala) and pigmented guaje (Leucaena esculenta) as sources of antioxidant and immunomodulatory peptides.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in plant-based diets, particularly legumes, as a sustainable and healthy dietary choice. This study breaks new ground by investigating the effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on green (Leucaena leucocephala) and pigmented (Leucaena esculenta) guaje proteins. We evaluated the antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of ultrafiltered fractions resulting from digestion in a macrophage model.

A bio-guided search of anti-steatotic compounds in Opuntia stricta var. dillenii by fast centrifugal partition chromatography.

The fruit extract of Opuntia stricta var. dillenii (OSDE) has been recognized for its effects on hepatic steatosis, but the compounds responsible for this activity have yet to be precisely identified. This work aimed to evaluate the anti-steatotic effect of OSDE and its different fractions obtained by fast centrifugal-partition chromatography (FCPC) to identify the compounds potentially responsible for this biological activity.

In vitro digestion study comparing a predigested glycerolysis product versus long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich oils (LCPUFA) as a strategy for administering LCPUFA to preterm neonates.

Background & Aims: Maintaining an adequate supply of arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for optimal growth of preterm infants. This study aims to evaluate and compare the digestibility and bioaccessibility of ARA and DHA oils compared to their predigested product through an in vitro digestion model.

Methods: An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model was used in two stages: gastric digestion and intestinal digestion.

Design Optimization of a Novel Catalytic Approach for Transglucosylated Isomaltooligosaccharides into Dietary Polyols Structures by Dextransucrase.

Polyols, or sugar alcohols, are widely used in the industry as sweeteners and food formulation ingredients, aiming to combat the incidence of diet-related Non-Communicable Diseases. Given the attractive use of Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) enzymes in both academia and industry, this study reports on an optimized process to achieve polyols transglucosylation using a dextransucrase enzyme derived from . These enzyme modifications could lead to the creation of a new generation of glucosylated polyols with isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOS) structures, potentially offering added functionalities such as prebiotic effects.

Impact of Alcalase Hydrolysis and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Release of Bioactive Peptides from (Chachafruto) Proteins.

Amidst increasing awareness of diet-health relationships, plant-derived bioactive peptides are recognized for their dual nutritional and health benefits. This study investigates bioactive peptides released after Alcalase hydrolysis of protein from chachafruto (), a nutrient-rich South American leguminous plant, focusing on their behavior during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Evaluating their ability to scavenge radicals, mitigate oxidative stress, and influence immune response biomarkers, this study underscores the importance of understanding peptide interactions in digestion.

Structured Triacylglycerol with Optimal Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Content for Infant Formula Development: A Bio-Accessibility Study.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are extremely important fatty acids for brain development in the fetus and early childhood. Premature infants face challenges obtaining these two fatty acids from their mothers. It has been reported that supplementation with triacylglycerols (TAGs) with an ARA:DHA (/) ratio of 2:1 may be optimal for preterm infants, as presented in commercial formulas such as Formulaid™.

Sunflower Meal Valorization through Enzyme-Aided Fractionation and the Production of Emerging Prebiotics.

Recently, there has been a burgeoning interest in harnessing the potential of biomass and industry byproducts for the development of novel products and materials. In particular, this study explored the efficient valorization of sunflower meal (SFM), an underutilized byproduct of the oil extraction industry, usually discarded or used as low-value animal feed through enzyme-aided fractionation, specifically targeting the extraction and conversion of its abundant carbohydrate component, xylan, into emerging prebiotic compounds-xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs)-which are recognized as promotors of a healthy gut microbiome and overall human wellbeing. An enzymatic treatment using Alcalase 2.

Ex Vivo Study of Colon Health, Contractility and Innervation in Male and Female Rats after Regular Exposure to Instant Cascara Beverage.

Instant Cascara (IC) is a sustainable beverage made from dried coffee cherry pulp, a by-product of coffee processing. It is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds and has a high concentration of antioxidants. This study explored the impact of regular IC consumption on colonic motor function and innervation.

Novel digital-based approach for evaluating wine components' intake: A deep learning model to determine red wine volume in a glass from single-view images.

Estimation of wine components' intake (polyphenols, alcohol, etc.) through Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) may be particularly inaccurate. This paper reports the development of a deep learning (DL) method to determine red wine volume from single-view images, along with its application in a consumer study developed via a web service.

A review of the state of sweeteners science: the natural artificial non-caloric sweeteners debate. and into the spotlight.

The rapid increase in the worldwide prevalence of obesity and certain non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as: cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, has been mainly attributed to an excess of sugar consumption. Although the potential benefits of the synergetic use of sweeteners have been known for many years, recent development based on synthesis strategies to produce sucrose-like taste profiles is emerging where biocatalyst approaches may be preferred to produce and supply specific sweetener compounds. From a nutritional standpoint, high-intensity sweeteners have fewer calories than sugars while providing a major sweet potency, placing them in the spotlight as valuable alternatives to sugar.

Proteomic Characterization of a Lunasin-Enriched Soybean Extract Potentially Useful in the Treatment of Infection.

infection affects over 50% of the world's population and leads to chronic inflammation and gastric disorders, being the main pathogen correlated to gastric cancer development. Increasing antibiotic resistance levels are a major global concern and alternative treatments are needed. Soybean peptides and other compounds might be an alternative in the treatment to avoid, eradicate and/or control symptoms of infection.