Near-infrared spectroscopy for comprehensive analysis of dark chocolate composition.

Fat, sugar, theobromine, and caffeine are important compounds in chocolates that influence the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of the products. These parameters commonly are determined with conventional, time-consuming, environmentally pollutant methods. In this study, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to predict the quantity of these compounds.

Development and evaluation of pH-sensitive Euryale ferox starch-based films containing nano-SiO and Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis) extract for freshness monitoring of chicken breast meat.

In this study, smart films of EFS, EFS-SiO and EFS-SiO-CRE were successfully developed by using Euryale ferox starch (EFS), nano-SiO and Chinese rose extract (CRE). The Chinese rose flower had a high content of anthocyanins (1.73 mg/g) and CRE exhibited different colors in varying pH buffers (2-13).

Effect of osmotic dehydration with binary/ternary sugar solutes on macro-& micro-structure, chromaticity and thermal stability of dehydrated peach slices prepared by heat pump drying.

The binary solution (sucrose/erythritol solution) and ternary solution (compound sucrose/erythritol with maltitol/fructooligosaccharide) were prepared as osmotic dehydration (OD) pretreatment before hot-pump-dried (HPD). Based on the analysis of OD solutions, the analysis of quality of dehydrated yellow peach slices (DYPS) were emphasized on the soluble sugar content, macro-µ-structure and thermal stability. Following with sucrose and maltitol (SM)-OD pretreatment, DYPS showed the decreased free sugar content and improved cohesiveness (0.

Improving the reliability of phthalate esters analysis in water samples by gas chromatography-tube plasma ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-TPI-HRMS).

The monitoring of phthalate esters (PAEs) is challenging due to background contamination as well as the low selectivity observed when analyzing them by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using electron ionization (EI). In this sense, alternative and soft ionization techniques could help to enhance the performance of the analytical determinations of PAEs in food samples. In this work, the use of a novel and soft ionization technique tube plasma ionization (TPI) has been explored to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity in the determination of PAEs in drinking water samples with GC-MS.

Physicochemical characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modified chitosan (SDSCS) before and after removal of aflatoxins (AFs) as a potential mycotoxin Binder.

Aflatoxins in food and feed with prominent toxic effects have jeopardized public health for decades. This investigation intends to explore synthesized SDS-modified chitosan as new generation of binder for removal of aflatoxin using a straightforward ionic cross-linking approach. The primary objective of this technique was to enhance affinity and adsorption capability of SDSCS towards aflatoxins.

Transformations of phenolic compounds in cocoa shell during colonic fermentation.

Cocoa shell is a by-product generated by the cocoa processing industry, notable for its high content of phenolic compounds and methylxanthines, and recognized for their biological properties. The majority of cocoa phenolic compounds are not absorbed in the small intestine and reach the colon, where they can be catabolized by the gut microbiota, influencing their bioavailability and bioactivity. This research aimed to study the changes that phenolic compounds from cocoa shell flour (CSF) and extract (CSE) undergo during colonic fermentation after gastrointestinal digestion, using an model and a targeted metabolomics approach.

Effects of Sichuan pepper () and cumin ( L.) on the quality and antioxidant capacity of Camembert type cheese made from goat milk.

The study was carried out to determine the effects of addition of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) or their mixture on the chemical, textural, microbial and sensory characteristics and antioxidant capacity of Camembert type cheese made from dairy goats. The chemical composition of cheese was not affected by addition of spices (Cumin, Sichuan pepper or their mixture).

Comparative Study of Water and Milk Kefir Grains as Biopolymeric Adsorbents for Copper(II) and Arsenic(V) Removal from Aqueous Solutions.

This study investigates the biosorption capabilities of kefir grains, a polysaccharide-based byproduct of the fermentation process, for removing copper(II) and arsenic(V) from contaminated water. Unlike traditional heavy-metal removal methods, which are typically expensive and involve environmentally harmful chemicals, biopolymeric materials such as kefir grains provide a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for adsorbing hazardous inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions. Our experimental results revealed significant differences in the sorption capacities of two types of kefir grains.

Comparative Efficacy of Extracts in Scar Inhibition and Skin Regeneration: A Study on UV Protection, Collagen Synthesis, and Fibroblast Proliferation.

is a red macroalga known for its bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-regenerative properties. The study aimed to examine their effects on UV protection, collagen synthesis, fibroblast proliferation, and pigmentation modulation. Bioactive compounds were extracted using two solvents, producing ethanol extract (FE) and alkaline extracts (AE).

Identification of Cherry Tomato Volatiles Using Different Electron Ionization Energy Levels.

A comprehensive analysis of the volatile components of 11 different cherry tomato pastes (Tesco Extra, Orange, Zebra, Yellow, Round Netherland, Mini San Marzano, Spar truss, Tesco Sunstream, Paprikakertész, Mc Dreamy, and Tesco Eat Fresh) commercially available in Hungary was performed. In order to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the measurement, the optimal measurement conditions were first determined. SPME (solid-phase microextraction) fiber coating, cherry tomato paste treatment, and SPME sampling time and temperature were optimized.

Silymarin-Enriched Extract from Milk Thistle Activates Thermogenesis in a Preclinical Model of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity to Relieve Systemic Meta-Inflammation.

Background: Obesity and aging are associated with the progressive loss of brown adipose tissue (BAT), an increase in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), and a reduction in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). The progressive expansion of visceral obesity promotes a low grade of systemic chronic inflammation (meta-inflammation), contributing to the onset of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, and even cancer. Thus, preserving the thermogenic activity of adipose tissue and improving the metabolic flexibility of sWAT could be an effective strategy to prevent the development of metabolic chronic diseases and promote healthy aging.

Effect of Short-Term High-CO Treatments on the Quality of Highbush and Rabbiteye Blueberries During Cold Storage.

The global demand for blueberries has increased due to their health benefits, but postharvest losses, particularly firmness loss and decay, present significant challenges. This study evaluated the effects of high CO concentrations (15% and 20%) applied for 3 d at 1.0 °C on highbush (cv.

Hybrid and Plant-Based Burgers: Trends, Challenges, and Physicochemical and Sensory Qualities.

Burgers have become a staple of global cuisine and can have several different versions and combinations. For example, hybrid burgers have a percentage of animal protein in their formulation, while plant-based burgers contain 100% plant-based proteins. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the emerging trends and challenges in the formulation of hybrid and plant-based burgers, with an emphasis on new ingredients and the evaluation of their physical, chemical, and sensory properties.

Occurrence, Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Ability of in Chicken Carcasses and Cuts.

A total of 104 samples of chicken meat acquired on the day of slaughter from two slaughterhouses in northwestern Spain were analyzed. These comprised 26 carcasses and 26 cuts from each of the two establishments. An average load of 5.

Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Different Concentrations of Whey Protein-Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles based on food-grade materials are promising materials to develop Pickering emulsions for food applications. Initially, this study focuses on the development of nanoparticles through the utilization of a soluble complex of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and cress seed gum (CSG), which were modified by calcium chloride (CaCl) as a cross-linker. The response surface methodology was used to investigate the impact of different concentrations of WPC (1-4% /), CSG (0-1% /), and CaCl (1-3 mM) on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and Zeta potential.

Exploring the purification, characterization, and industrial applications of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BDIFST240014.

Background: Exopolysaccharides (EPS) derived from microbial sources hold great promise for various industrial applications due to their biodegradability and diverse biological activities.

Methods And Results: In this study, EPS was isolated and characterized from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BDIFST240014, a Gram-positive bacterium known for its robust EPS production. Taxonomic classification was confirmed through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.

Exploration of leads from bis-indole based triazine derivatives targeting human aldose reductase in diabetic type 2: in-silico approaches.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a major global healthcare challenge, highlighting the need for new treatments beyond current options. Currently available drugs have side effects including weight gain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insulin resistance etc. Therefore, given the benefits of indole derivatives in diabetes and the lack of computational studies on bis-indole-based triazine derivatives with aldose reductase (AR), this study employs in-silico analysis to explore their potential as type-2 diabetes treatments.

The microbiota metabolite, phloroglucinol, confers long-term protection against inflammation.

Phloroglucinol is a key byproduct of gut microbial metabolism that has been widely used as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome. Here, we demonstrate that phloroglucinol tempers macrophage responses to pro-inflammatory pathogens and stimuli. , phloroglucinol administration decreases gut and extraintestinal inflammation in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease and systemic infection.

Morphological modulation of starch chains from nanorod to nanospindle via temperature-controlling rearrangement.

Polymorphic nanoparticles, including starch nanoparticles (SNPs), have increasingly attracted attention, particularly rod-shaped variants, which are used for constructing anisotropic systems. Compared to symmetrically spherical particles, they show superior properties such as gastrointestinal retention for functional nutrients/drugs delivery and mechanical enhancement of filled materials, but their controlled fabrication remains a challenge. In this study, we yielded polymorphic SNPs with nearly axisymmetric geometries through a combined alkaline hydrolysis and nanoprecipitation method, followed by temperature-controlling rearrangement.

Deciphering structure-rheological properties relationship via the studies of 11 s-rich and 7 s-rich soy protein isolate.

Rheological properties influence the velocity gradient in the die passage of the extruder and the formation of fibrous structure of plant protein. The rheological properties of 11 s-rich (11 s-RI) and 7 s-rich (7 s-RI) soy protein fractions prepared at a pilot scale were studied to explore their potential in the production of extruded textured proteins. The results showed that compared to 7 s-RI, 11 s-RI exhibited larger particle sizes, lower solubility, lower water holding capacity of insoluble protein, and lower net surface charge in aqueous solutions.

Dietary selective effects manifest in the human gut microbiota from species composition to strain genetic makeup.

Diet significantly influences the human gut microbiota, a key player in health. We analyzed shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from healthy individuals with long-term dietary patterns-vegan, flexitarian, or omnivore-and included detailed dietary surveys and blood biomarkers. Dietary patterns notably affected the bacterial community composition by altering the relative abundances of certain species but had a minimal impact on microbial functional repertoires.

Effects of different drying methods on the structure, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of selenium-enriched peptides from soybean sprouts.

Selenium-enriched peptides (SePPs) were isolated from Se-enriched soybean sprouts as the selenium (Se) supplement. The preparation of SePPs was optimised, and their Se content, stability during drying, and absorption properties, were examined. The maximum in vitro antioxidant activity of SePPs was achieved after 5 h of alcalase, at 50 °C, pH 9, 3 % substrate concentration, and 5 % enzyme concentration.

Impact of drying techniques on volatile aroma profiles and formation mechanisms of black soybean thua nao.

Thua nao, a traditional Thai fermented soybean, offers a unique aroma and nutritional value. However, fresh thua nao cannot be stored for long periods due to its high in water activity (a). This study examined the effects of various drying methods, including natural sun drying and machine drying methods, namely hot air, microwave vacuum (MIC), and vacuum drying on the qualities of dried black soybean thua nao.

Effects of superfine grinding stem on the texture and quality of dough for steamed bun.

(TF) stem accounts for about 10% of the whole mushroom, and most of them are dumped without utilization. To effectively utilize the waste, the effects of fine grinding and superfine grinding technology on the processing characteristics and physicochemical properties of stem powder (TFSP) were investigated, and the effects of TFSP on the quality of steamed bun were analyzed. The findings indicate that the specific surface area of superfine stem powder (STFSP) is 1.