Nanostructured zinc carbonate hydroxide microflakes: assessing the toxicity against erythrocytes and L929 cells.

Nanostructured materials have been suggested to be used as a source of dietary zinc for livestock animals. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of newly synthesized nanostructured zinc carbonate hydroxide (ZnCH) Zn(CO)(OH)microflakes. Cytotoxicity of the microflakes was assessed against murine L929 cell line and rat mature erythrocytes.

Dextran-Graft-Polyacrylamide/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Inhibit of Cancer Cells in vitro and in vivo.

Introduction: Tumor drug resistance and systemic toxicity are major challenges of modern anticancer therapy. Nanotechnology makes it possible to create new materials with the required properties for anticancer therapy.

Methods: In this research, Dextran-graft-Polyacrylamide/ZnO nanoparticles were used.

GdVO:Eu and LaVO:Eu Nanoparticles Exacerbate Oxidative Stress in L929 Cells: Potential Implications for Cancer Therapy.

The therapeutic potential of redox-active nanoscale materials as antioxidant- or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing agents was intensely studied. Herein, we demonstrate that the synthesized and characterized GdVO:Eu and LaVO:Eu nanoparticles, which have been already shown to have redox-active, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound healing properties, both in vitro and in vivo, worsen oxidative stress of L929 cells triggered by hydrogen peroxide or -butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) at the concentrations that are safe for intact L929 cells. This effect was observed upon internalization of the investigated nanosized materials and is associated with the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9 without recruitment of caspase-8.

Toxicity, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and DNA Cleavage Effects of Dextran-Graft-Polyacrylamide/Zinc Oxide Nanosystems.

Synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles-polymer nanocomposites is an emerging strategy in nanotechnology to improve targeted delivery and reduce the toxicity of nanoparticles. In this study, we report biological effects of previously described hybrid nanocomposites containing dextran-graft-polyacrylamide/zinc oxide nanoparticles (D-PAA/ZnO NPs) prepared from zinc sulfate (D-PAA/ZnONPs(SO)) and zinc acetate (D-PAA/ZnONPs(-OAc)) focusing primarily on their antimicrobial activity. D-PAA/ZnONPs(SO) and D-PAA/ZnONPs(-OAc) nanosystems were tested in a complex way to assess their antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), antidiabetic potential (α-amylase inhibition), DNA cleavage activity, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activity.

Oxidative stress-modifying effects of TiOnanoparticles with varying content of Ti(Ti) ions.

Nanoparticles (NPs) with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulating ability have recently attracted great attention as promising agents for nanomedicine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of TiOdefect structure related to the presence of stoichiometric (Ti) and non-stoichiometric (Tiand Ti) titanium ions in the crystal lattice and TiONPs aggregation ability on HO- and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH)-induced ROS production in L929 cells. Synthesized TiO-A, TiO-B, and TiO-C NPs with varying Ti(Ti) content were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, small-angle x-ray scattering, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy methods.

Neutrophil extracellular traps characterize caseating granulomas.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and still poses a serious challenge to public health. Recent attention to neutrophils has uncovered unexplored areas demanding further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine neutrophil activation and circulatory neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in various types of TB.

The assessment of microbial infection in children with autism spectrum disorders and genetic folate cycle deficiency.

Background: The results of disparate clinical studies indicate abnormally frequent cases of certain microorganisms in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, these data require clarification and systematization. The study aims to study the structure of the microbial profile in children with ASD and genetic folate cycle deficiency (GFCD) and consider differences in diagnostic approaches for identifying microorganisms of different types.

Georgian Medicinal Plants as Rich Natural Sources of Antioxidant Derivatives: A Review on the Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.

The study of antioxidants is of pivotal importance in biomedicine as these molecules could be involved in biological pathways associated with disease. The identification of new antioxidants together with the acquisition of a deeper knowledge on their biology, could lead to the use of these compounds as drugs for innovative treatments. Plants are an important reservoir of phytodrugs that in many cases can be isolated with good extraction yields directly from the vegetal source and are often endowed with a low toxicity profile.

Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenans Enhance Eryptosis and Alter Lipid Order of Cell Membranes in Erythrocytes.

Unlabelled: Aim In the current study, hemocompatibility of three major commercially available types of carrageenans (ι, κ and λ) was investigated focusing on eryptosis.

Materials And Methods: Carrageenans of ι-, κ- and λ-types were incubated with washed erythrocytes (hematocrit 0.4%) at 0-1-5-10 g/L for either 24 h or 48 h.

Identification and therapy for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: An expert opinion of the Heart Failure Association of the Polish Cardiac Society.

Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) may be challenging owing to the heterogeneous clinical presentation and comorbidities in this population of patients, along with the limited availability of standard diagnostic tools, including natriuretic peptide tests and functional testing. This expert opinion summarizes the current state of knowledge on the identification and therapy for patients with HFpEF based on recent European and American recommendations. This expert opinion aims to aid clinicians in HFpEF management.

Tailored synthesis of NdMnFeO perovskite nanoparticles with oxygen-vacancy defects for lithium-ion battery anodes.

In this study, we synthesize nanostructured NdMnFeO perovskites using a facile method to produce materials for the high-working-efficiency anodes of Li-ion batteries. A series of characterization assessments (e.g.

Hemocompatibility of dextran-graft-polyacrylamide/zinc oxide nanosystems: hemolysis or eryptosis?

. In this study, blood compatibility of ZnO nanoparticles-polymer nanocomplex (D-PAA/ZnONPs(SO42-)) synthesizedinto dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-PAA) using zinc sulphate as a precursor was tested using hemolysis, osmotic fragility and eryptosis assays..

Integrated modeling of the Nexin-dynein regulatory complex reveals its regulatory mechanism.

Cilia are hairlike protrusions that project from the surface of eukaryotic cells and play key roles in cell signaling and motility. Ciliary motility is regulated by the conserved nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), which links adjacent doublet microtubules and regulates and coordinates the activity of outer doublet complexes. Despite its critical role in cilia motility, the assembly and molecular basis of the regulatory mechanism are poorly understood.

Combined Dextran-Graft-Polyacrylamide/Zinc Oxide Nanocarrier for Effective Anticancer Therapy in vitro.

Introduction: Cancer chemotherapy faces two major challenges - high toxicity of active substances and tumor resistance to drugs. Low toxic nanocarriers in combination with anticancer agents can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy. Modern advances in nanotechnology make it easy to create materials with the necessary physical and chemical properties.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of gold and silver nanoparticles in dextran-polyacrylamide copolymers.

Search for new antimicrobial agents is of great significance due to the issue of antimicrobial resistance, which nowadays has become more important than many diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and biological effects of a dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-PAA) polymer-nanocarrier with/without silver or gold nanoparticles (AgNPs/D-PAA and AuNPs/D-PAA, respectively) to analyze their potential to replace or supplement conventional antibiotic therapy. The toxicity of nanocomplexes against eukaryotic cells was assessed on primary dermal fibroblasts using scratch, micronucleus and proliferation assays.

Integrated modeling of the Nexin-dynein regulatory complex reveals its regulatory mechanism.

Cilia are hairlike protrusions that project from the surface of eukaryotic cells and play key roles in cell signaling and motility. Ciliary motility is regulated by the conserved nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), which links adjacent doublet microtubules and regulates and coordinates the activity of outer doublet complexes. Despite its critical role in cilia motility, the assembly and molecular basis of the regulatory mechanism are poorly understood.

Effect of Melatonin on the Content of CD3 and CD3 T Cells in the Thymus of Mice with Functional Pinealectomy.

Continuous lighting for 14 days (functional pinealectomy model) leads to a decrease in the relative number of CD3 and CD3 T lymphocytes and the CD3/CD3 ratio in the thymus of C57BL/6 mice. Intragastric administration of melatonin in physiological doses (1 mg/kg body weight, 14 days) against the background of functional pinealectomy restores the percentage of CD3 and CD3 thymocytes and CD3/CD3 ratio to the control values. Hence, prolonged continuous illumination inhibits the differentiation and maturation of young thymocytes into mature forms, while melatonin treatment helps to compensate the effects of functional pinealectomy triggering cell proliferation in the thymus from the earliest stages of proliferation and differentiation of T cells.

Assessing regulated cell death modalities as an efficient tool for nanotoxicity screening: a review.

Nanomedicine is a fast-growing field of nanotechnology. One of the major obstacles for a wider use of nanomaterials for medical application is the lack of standardized toxicity screening protocols for assessing the safety of newly synthesized nanomaterials. In this review, we focus on less frequently studied nanomaterials-induced regulated cell death (RCD) modalities, including eryptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, as a tool for nanomaterials safety evaluation.

The Prognostic Value of Eryptosis Parameters in the Cerebrospinal Fluid for Cerebral Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Formation.

Background: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and cerebral vasospasm (VS.) contribute to poor outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The pathophysiology of DCI is not fully understood, and this has hindered the adoption of a uniform definition.

Rare-earth orthovanadate nanoparticles trigger Ca-dependent eryptosis.

. Rare-earth orthovanadate nanoparticles (ReVO:Eu, Re = Gd, Y or La) are promising agents for photodynamic therapy of cancer due to their modifiable redox properties. However, their toxicity limits their application.

Structural Changes in the Liver in Post-Toxic Cirrhosis and Its Treatment with Oxidized Dextran. Immunohistochemical Research.

In adult Wistar rats, post-toxic liver cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50% oil solution of CCl and peroral administration of 6.5% aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol over 60 days. Histological examination of the liver revealed vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, formation of false lobules, expression of collagens I and III periportally and in interlobular spaces, ascites, and hydrothorax.

Light-Induced Functional Pinealectomy. Effect on the Thymus of C57BL/6 Mice.

Light-induced functional pinealectomy was simulated in C57BL/6 mice by 14-day exposure to constant lighting. Immunophenotyping of CD3 and CD3 thymocytes was performed by staining with CD3-APC antibodies followed by flow cytofluorometry. To study the cell cycle distribution of thymus cells, the content of intracellular DNA was measured by the level PI inclusion.