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Institute of Experimental Physics[Affil... Publications | LitMetric

2,347 results match your criteria: "Institute of Experimental Physics[Affiliation]"

Role of Alkali Cations in DNA-Thioflavin T Interaction.

J Phys Chem B

August 2024

Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.

This study investigates the role of alkali cations in modulating the interaction between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Thioflavin T (ThT) in dilute and condensed phases. The emission characteristics of ThT were analyzed in the presence of double-stranded DNA and G-quadruplex structures with a focus on the effects of four cations: sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The ThT emission in double-stranded DNA was influenced by direct DNA binding and steric hindrance within the hydration shell of DNA, which was modulated by the presence of alkali cations.

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Angular correlations between heavy quarks provide a unique probe of the quark-gluon plasma created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Results are presented of a measurement of the azimuthal angle correlations between muons originating from semileptonic decays of heavy quarks produced in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and pp collisions at the LHC.

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Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) performed at ultra-high magnetic field provides a unique opportunity to study the arteries of the living human brain at the mesoscopic level. From this, we can gain new insights into the brain's blood supply and vascular disease affecting small vessels. However, for quantitative characterization and precise representation of human angioarchitecture to, for example, inform blood-flow simulations, detailed segmentations of the smallest vessels are required.

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Precisely controlled manipulation of nonadherent single cells is often a pre-requisite for their detailed investigation. Optical trapping provides a versatile means for positioning cells with submicrometer precision or measuring forces with femto-Newton resolution. A variant of the technique, called indirect optical trapping, enables single-cell manipulation with no photodamage and superior spatial control and stability by relying on optically trapped microtools biochemically bound to the cell.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting from trauma decreases the quality of human life. Numerous clues indicate that the limited endogenous regenerative potential is a result of the interplay between the inhibitory nature of mature nervous tissue and the inflammatory actions of immune and glial cells. Knowledge gained from comparing regeneration in adult and juvenile animals could draw attention to factors that should be removed or added for effective therapy in adults.

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Synthesis of 2D Gallium Sulfide with Ultraviolet Emission by MOCVD.

Small

September 2024

Material Sciences Center and Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35043, Marburg, Germany.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit the potential to transform semiconductor technology. Their rich compositional and stacking varieties allow tailoring materials' properties toward device applications. Monolayer to multilayer gallium sulfide (GaS) with its ultraviolet band gap, which can be tuned by varying the layer number, holds promise for solar-blind photodiodes and light-emitting diodes as applications.

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Article Synopsis
  • * New strategies include using 5' end mRNA cap analogues to inhibit eIF4E's overexpression, with promising results from modified cap analogues.
  • * The study reveals that introducing dual modifications in these analogues enhances their effectiveness, signaling progress in developing cancer treatments that target the eIF4E pathway.
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Details of excitation and ionization acts hide a description of the biological effects of charged particle traversal through living tissue. Nanodosimetry enables the introduction of novel quantities that characterize and quantify the particle track structure while also serving as a foundation for assessing biological effects based on this quantification. This presents an opportunity to enhance the planning of charged particle radiotherapy by taking into account the ionization detail.

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Chromosomal damage, gene expression and alternative transcription in human lymphocytes exposed to mixed ionizing radiation as encountered in space.

Sci Rep

May 2024

Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.

Astronauts travelling in space will be exposed to mixed beams of particle radiation and photons. Exposure limits that correspond to defined cancer risk are calculated by multiplying absorbed doses by a radiation-type specific quality factor that reflects the biological effectiveness of the particle without considering possible interaction with photons. We have shown previously that alpha radiation and X-rays may interact resulting in synergistic DNA damage responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes but the level of intra-individual variability was high.

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In this paper, we present a facile method of synthesis and modification of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes with 6-aminofluorescein (6AF) molecules. Polymer brushes were obtained using surface-grafted atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and functionalized in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) acting both as a reaction catalyst and an agent preventing aggregation of chromophores. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the structure and formation of obtained photoactive platforms.

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A search for exotic decays of the Higgs boson () with a mass of 125 to a pair of light pseudoscalars is performed in final states where one pseudoscalar decays to two quarks and the other to a pair of muons or leptons. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 recorded with the CMS detector is analyzed. No statistically significant excess is observed over the standard model backgrounds.

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Adenylate kinase (AK) plays a crucial role in the metabolic monitoring of cellular adenine nucleotide homeostasis by catalyzing the reversible transfer of a phosphate group between ATP and AMP, yielding two ADP molecules. By regulating the nucleotide levels and energy metabolism, the enzyme is considered a disease modifier and potential therapeutic target for various human diseases, including malignancies and inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. However, lacking approved drugs targeting AK hinders broad studies on this enzyme's pathological importance and therapeutic potential.

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Metal phthalocyanines, a highly versatile class of aromatic, planar, macrocyclic molecules with a chelated central metal ion, are topical objects of ongoing research and particularly interesting due to their magnetic properties. However, while the current focus lies almost exclusively on spin-Zeeman-related effects, the high symmetry of the molecule and its circular shape suggests the exploitation of light-induced excitation of 2-fold degenerate vibrational states in order to generate, switch, and manipulate magnetic fields at the nanoscale. The underlying mechanism is a molecular pseudorotation that can be triggered by infrared pulses and gives rise to a quantized, small, but controllable magnetic dipole moment.

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Molecular physics plays a pivotal role in various fields, including medicine, pharmaceuticals, and broader industrial applications. This study aims to enhance the methods for producing specific optically active materials with distinct spectroscopic properties at the molecular level, which are crucial for these sectors, while prioritizing human safety in both production and application. Forensic science, a significant socio-economic field, often employs hazardous substances in analyzing friction ridges on porous surfaces, posing safety concerns.

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Article Synopsis
  • - This Letter discusses the measurement of ridge yields from charged hadron angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at a high energy of 13 TeV, specifically within certain pseudorapidity and transverse momentum ranges.
  • - The research extends ridge yield measurements to low charged-particle multiplicity regions, where typically a strong interacting medium is not expected to form during collisions.
  • - Findings indicate that ridge yields in pp collisions are significantly higher than those observed in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, suggesting that processes in e^{+}e^{-} annihilations do not significantly influence long-range correlations in proton-proton interactions.
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  • Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PS) affects 10-20% of COVID-19 patients, and the study explores the potential benefits of inhaling a combination of nitric oxide (iNO) and molecular hydrogen (iH) for those experiencing respiratory issues related to PS.
  • In a study involving 34 patients, those who received iNO/iH treatments showed significant improvements in symptoms like dyspnea, cough, and fatigue, along with enhanced scores in quality of life assessments and walking distance compared to the control group.
  • Results indicated a reduction in oxidative damage and improved blood flow, suggesting that combined inhalation therapy may be a safe and effective treatment option for alleviating respiratory manifestations in
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  • The ALICE detector measured the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/ψ vector mesons, focusing on the Mandelstam |t| variable, during ultraperipheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a very high energy of 5.02 TeV.
  • The measurement was conducted within a rapidity interval of |y|<0.8 and covers a specific range of Bjorken-x values.
  • Analysis showed that models without quantum fluctuations in the gluon density predicted a much steeper |t|-dependence than observed, but including these fluctuations improved the models' alignment with the data.
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Heterogeneous and Cooperative Rupture of Histidine-Ni Metal-Coordination Bonds on Rationally Designed Protein Templates.

ACS Biomater Sci Eng

May 2024

Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Metal-coordination bonds, a highly tunable class of dynamic noncovalent interactions, are pivotal to the function of a variety of protein-based natural materials and have emerged as binding motifs to produce strong, tough, and self-healing bioinspired materials. While natural proteins use clusters of metal-coordination bonds, synthetic materials frequently employ individual bonds, resulting in mechanically weak materials. To overcome this current limitation, we rationally designed a series of elastin-like polypeptide templates with the capability of forming an increasing number of intermolecular histidine-Ni metal-coordination bonds.

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Amphotericin B is a popular antifungal antibiotic, but the exact way it works is still a matter of debate. Here, we used monolayers composed of phosphatidylcholine with ergosterol as a model of fungal lipid membranes to study drug incorporation from the aqueous phase and analyze the molecular reorganization of membranes underlying the biological activity of the antibiotic. The results show that the internalization of antibiotic molecules into membranes occurs only in the presence of ergosterol in the lipid phase.

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A surface photovoltage (SPV) is observed whenever a doped semiconductor with non-negligible band bending is illuminated by light and charge carriers are excited across the band gap. The sign of the SPV depends on the nature of the doping, the amplitude of the SPV increases with the fluence of the light illumination up to a saturation value, which is determined by the doping concentration. We have investigated Si(100) samples with well-characterized doping levels over a wide range of illumination fluences.

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Monitoring of DNA structural changes after incorporation of the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil.

Arch Biochem Biophys

June 2024

Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia; Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address:

The use of insecticides presents a risk to the environment because they can accumulate in the water, soil, air, and organisms, endangering human and animal health. It is therefore essential to investigate the effects of different groups of insecticides on individual biomacromolecules such as DNA. We studied fipronil, which belongs to the group of phenylpyrazole insecticides.

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Four isomeric di-6-oxoverdazyl diradicals connected at their N(1) or C(3) positions with either 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene linkers were obtained and characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical, magnetic, and structural methods. These results were compared to those for the corresponding 6-oxoverdazyl monoradicals. UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated that only the N(1)-connected -through-benzene diradical has a distinct spectrum with significant bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts relative to the remaining species.

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This paper presents an experimental study of partial discharge activity in ferrofluids based on biodegradable transformer oil and iron oxide nanoparticles. Three ferrofluid samples with low, medium and high nanoparticle concentrations are employed in the research. The basic ferrofluid characterization is followed by a partial discharge experiment exposing the ferrofluids to a high voltage in a needle-plate electrode configuration.

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are paving the way to clean energy conversion, relying on efficient oxygen-ion conductors with high ionic conductivity coupled with a negligible electronic contribution. Doped rare earth aluminates are promising candidates for SOFC electrolytes due to their high ionic conductivity. However, they often suffer from p-type electronic conductivity at operating temperatures above 500 °C under oxidizing conditions caused by the incorporation of oxygen into the lattice.

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