Citrus diseases detection using innovative deep learning approach and Hybrid Meta-Heuristic.

Citrus farming is one of the major agricultural sectors of Pakistan and currently represents almost 30% of total fruit production, with its highest concentration in Punjab. Although economically important, citrus crops like sweet orange, grapefruit, lemon, and mandarins face various diseases like canker, scab, and black spot, which lower fruit quality and yield. Traditional manual disease diagnosis is not only slow, less accurate, and expensive but also relies heavily on expert intervention.

Robust predictive framework for diabetes classification using optimized machine learning on imbalanced datasets.

Introduction: Diabetes prediction using clinical datasets is crucial for medical data analysis. However, class imbalances, where non-diabetic cases dominate, can significantly affect machine learning model performance, leading to biased predictions and reduced generalization.

Methods: A novel predictive framework employing cutting-edge machine learning algorithms and advanced imbalance handling techniques was developed.

Association Between SHBG Levels and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) regulates sex hormone availability and is influenced by metabolic factors. Variations in SHBG levels during pregnancy may affect the development of hypertensive disorders such as gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE). This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the potential of SHBG as a biomarker for predicting GH and PE.

Coati optimization algorithm for brain tumor identification based on MRI with utilizing phase-aware composite deep neural network.

Brain tumors can cause difficulties in normal brain function and are capable of developing in various regions of the brain. Malignant tumours can develop quickly, pass through neighboring tissues, and extend to further brain regions or the central nervous system. In contrast, healthy tumors typically develop slowly and do not invade surrounding tissues.

Bergenin, a bioactive flavonoid: advancements in the prospects of anticancer mechanism, pharmacokinetics and nanoformulations.

The natural world is a vast reservoir of exceptionally varied and inventive chemical compositions. Natural products are used as initial compounds to create combinatorial libraries by targeted modifications and then by analyzing their structure-activity connections. This stage is regarded as a crucial milestone in drug discovery and development.

An updated review summarizing the anticancer potential of flavonoids via targeting NF-kB pathway.

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) cell signaling pathway is essential for the progression and development of numerous human disorders, including cancer. NF-κB signaling pathway regulates a wide range of physiological processes, such as cell survival, growth, and migration. Deregulated NF-kB signaling resulted in unregulated cell proliferation, viability, movement, and invasion, thus promoting tumor development.

Tumor microenvironment as a target for developing anticancer hydrogels.

Objective: It has been reported that cancer cells get protected by a complex and rich multicellular environment i.e. the tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of varying immune cells, endothelial cells, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, etc.

Secure channel estimation model for cognitive radio network physical layer security using two-level shared key authentication.

Physical Layer Security (PLS) in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) improves the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the external communication between the devices/ users. The security models for sensing and beamforming reduce the impact of adversaries such as eavesdroppers in the signal processing layer. To such an extent, this article introduces a Secure Channel Estimation Model (SCEM) using Channel State Information (CSI) and Deep Learning (DL) to improve the PLS.

A comprehensive review of sustainable hydrogels from lignin for advanced wastewater solutions.

Throughout the recent years, water bodies have been significantly contaminated via various industrial and pollution wastes posing threats to the living. To tackle the situation, Lignin-Based Hydrogels have appeared as a material with great potential for wastewater treatment. Biomass-derived polymers for wastewater treatment present a sustainable replacement to plastics based on petroleum owing to its biocompatibility, affordability, eco-friendliness and biodegradability.

Histone Deacetylation in Alzheimer's Diseases (AD); Hope or Hype.

Histone acetylation is the process by which histone acetyltransferases (HATs) add an acetyl group to the N-terminal lysine residues of histones, resulting in a more open chromatin structure. Histone acetylation tends to increase gene expression more than methylation does. In the central nervous system (CNS), histone acetylation is essential for controlling the expression of genes linked to cognition and learning.

Anthocyanin and phenolic landscape of Syzygium cumini extracts via green extraction.

This study determined the anthocyanin and phenolic profile of Syzygium cumini bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins and other flavonoids, alongside diverse phenolic compounds. The study optimized a green extraction technique (ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE)) to obtain anthocyanin-rich extract from the fruit pulp of S. cumini using the pectinase enzyme.

Inflammasome activation in melanoma progression: the latest update concerning pathological role and therapeutic value.

The progression of melanoma is a complex process influenced by both internal and external cues which encourage the transition of tumour cells, uncontrolled growth, migration, and metastasis. Additionally, inflammation allows tumours to evade the immune system, contributing to cancer development. The inflammasome, a complex of many proteins, is crucial in enhancing immune responses to external and internal triggers.

Advanced KNN-based cost-efficient algorithm for precision localization and energy optimization in dynamic underwater sensor networks.

Underwater environmental exploration using sensor nodes has emerged as a critical endeavor fraught with challenges such as localization errors, energy, and costs attributed to the dynamic nature of underwater environments. This paper proposes a KNN-based cost-efficient machine-learning algorithm aimed at optimizing underwater context acquisition with sensor nodes. By addressing existing localization challenges, the algorithm minimizes localization errors, energy consumption and Time costs while significantly enhancing localization accuracy to 99.

Biodegradation of acetaminophen: Current knowledge and future directions with mechanistic insights from omics.

Acetaminophen (APAP), one of the most frequently used antipyretic and analgesic medications, has recently grown into a persistent organic contaminant of emerging concern due to its over-the-counter and widespread use. The excessive accumulation of APAP and its derivatives in various environmental matrices is threatening human health and the ecosystem. The complexity of APAP and its intermediates augments the need for adequate innovative and sustainable strategies for the remediation of contaminated environments.

Patterns and trends in burden of asthma and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021 among south Asian countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Objective: Asthma poses a significant health burden in South Asia, with increasing incidence and mortality despite a global decline in age-standardized prevalence rates. This study aims to analyze asthma trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across South Asia. The study also assesses the impact of risk factors like high body mass index (BMI), smoking, and occupational exposures on asthma outcomes.

Eco-friendly sensing of hexavalent chromium ions via copper-doped carbon quantum dots: a fluorescent probe for water safety.

The hydrothermal synthesis is presented of copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) from citric acid, urea, and copper chloride, resulting in blue-fluorescent particles with stable emission at 438 nm when excited at 340 nm. Through comprehensive spectroscopic and microscopic characterization (FTIR, XPS, UV, and HRTEM), the Cu-CDs demonstrated remarkable stability across varying pH levels, ionic strengths, temperatures, and UV exposure. Notably, Cu-CDs exhibit ultra-sensitive and selective detection of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] ions in aqueous environments driven by fluorescence quenching.

Optimizing ternary hybrid nanofluids using neural networks, gene expression programming, and multi-objective particle swarm optimization: a computational intelligence strategy.

The performance of nanofluids is largely determined by their thermophysical properties. Optimizing these properties can significantly enhance nanofluid performance. This study introduces a hybrid strategy based on computational intelligence to determine the optimal conditions for ternary hybrid nanofluids.

Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosomes in cancer progression: A focus on hepatocellular carcinoma.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has drawn much interest recently in the search for innovative cancer therapeutics, especially in light of the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The TME comprises various cell types within the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as immune cells, endothelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Throughout the malignancy, these cells interact with cancerous cells and with one another.

Energy-exergy and environ-economic (4E) analysis of heat storage-based single-slope solar stills integrated with solar air heater.

The energy-exergy and environ-economic (4E) analysis was conducted on a solar still with and without a hybrid thermal energy storage system (TESS) and a solar air heater. The proposed solar still was modified by integrating a rectangular aluminium box filled with paraffin wax and black gravel as the TESS and coupled with a solar air heater. Paraffin wax was selected due to its widespread availability and proven effectiveness in accelerating desalination, improving process uniformity, and maintaining optimal temperature levels.

Identification of novel cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors from marine natural products.

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are crucial regulators of cell cycle progression and represent important therapeutic targets in breast cancer. This study employs a comprehensive computational approach to identify novel CDK4/6 inhibitors from marine natural products. We utilized structure-based virtual screening of the CMNPD database and MNP library, followed by rigorous filtering based on drug-likeness criteria, PAINS filter, ADME properties, and toxicity profiles.

Effect of surface-engineered AuNPs on gene expression, bacterial interaction, protein denaturation, and toxicology assay: an and model.

We investigated the and uses of pamoic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles (PA@AuNPs), with a focus on determining their safety and potential toxicity in living beings. To test this theory, the bacterial interaction of PA@AuNPs was studied using , , and cultures, as well as the inhibition of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used to measure the expression of target genes.

MXene-based multilayered and ultrawideband absorber for solar cell and photovoltaic applications.

We proposed the ultrawideband solar absorber using the multisized metal resonator oriented on the top of the multilayered Metal-SiO₂-MXene-MgF₂-Tungsten structure. We have carried out a numerical investigation of this structure for the 100-2500 THz frequency, which covers the infrared, visible, and UV spectra. The proposed solar absorber is numerically investigated for the different physical parameters, such as the height of the layers, unit cell size, and resonator orientation, to identify optimized results for the high absorption capacity.

Overexpression of CYP6CY1 is Involved in Imidacloprid Resistance in Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) (Homoptera: Aphidae).

Sitobion miscanthi is a wheat aphid species that can damage seriously agricultural production. The effective management of wheat aphids has depended on chemical insecticides. However, their wide application led to severe resistance of wheat aphids to some insecticides, and cytochrome P450 as a detoxifying enzyme plays a crucial role in the insecticide resistance.

In Silico design and molecular dynamics analysis of imidazole derivatives as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the inflammatory pathway, is the target for various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective inhibitors known as coxibs. This study focuses on the development of novel imidazole derivatives as COX-2 inhibitors, utilizing a Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) approach to enhance binding affinity and selectivity. Molecular docking was performed using Autodock Vina, revealing binding energies of -6.