From boom to bloom: synthesis of diazidodifluoromethane, its stability and applicability in the 'click' reaction.

Diazidodifluoromethane was prepared from dibromodifluoromethane, sodium azide and an alkanethiolate initiator. It represents the first example of a diazidomethane that is stable enough to be used in synthesis. The stability of (poly)azidomethanes was explored with calculations.

Optimizing Ammonia Detection with a Polyaniline-Magnesia Nano Composite.

Polyaniline-magnesia (PANI/MgO) composites with a fibrous nanostructure were synthesized via in situ oxidative polymerization, enabling uniform MgO integration into the polyaniline matrix. These composites were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy to analyze intermolecular bonding, XRD to assess crystallographic structure and phase purity, and SEM to examine surface morphology and topological features. The resulting PANI/MgO nanofibers were utilized to develop ammonia (NH) gas-sensing probes with evaluations conducted at room temperature.

Analysis and detection of homemade explosive TACP.

This paper focuses on tetraamminecopper(II) perchlorate (TACP), a relatively newly used and popular homemade explosive that is insufficiently described in the literature. The compound was analyzed using commonly used forensic laboratory techniques such as FTIR, Raman, XRPD, and DTA. The TACP molecule was labeled with four N atoms on ammonia ligands to assign vibrational modes to the resulting bands.

Exploring the Potential of Promising Sensor Technologies for Concrete Structural Health Monitoring.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for maintaining concrete infrastructure. The data collected by these sensors are processed and analyzed using various analysis tools under different loadings and exposure to external conditions. Sensor-based investigation on concrete has been carried out for technologies used for designing structural health monitoring sensors.

In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition study of dihydropyrimidinones synthesized via one-pot Biginelli reaction in the presence of a green catalyst.

A green catalyst WELPSA-catalyzed three-component condensation (Biginelli) process involving an aldehyde, barbituric/thiobarbituric/1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, and urea/thiourea/guanidine hydrochloride in a single pot in presence of a green solvent for the production of DHPM have been presented. The catalyst is reusable and this methodology is scalable. By using the in vitro experiments, the antidiabetic potentiality of synthesized compounds that inhibit α-amylase along with α-glucosidase efficiencies was assessed.

Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reactions of 1-Azido-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane.

A new fluorinated azidoethane─1-azido-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane─was prepared in quantitative yield by the addition of an azide anion to tetrafluoroethylene in a protic medium. The title azide was shown to be thermally stable and insensitive to impact. Copper(I)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition with alkynes afforded 4-substituted -tetrafluoroethyl-1,2,3-triazoles which underwent rhodium(II)-catalyzed transannulation with nitriles to novel -tetrafluoroethylimidazoles or the reaction with triflic acid to enamido triflates.

Phytofabrication of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract for anticancer activity.

leaf extract was successfully utilized as a reducing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the laboratory. The phytochemicals in the extract helped keep the silver nanoparticles stable and slowed them down. Different methods, such as UV-visible, FT-IR spectroscopies, XRD, and SEM analyses, were used to characterize the size, shape, and morphology of the nanoparticles, and the results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical and monodispersed.

Zn and Co ferrite nanoparticles: towards the applications of sensing and adsorption studies.

An important deliberation of this current work is the impending applications of bivalent transition metals doped with nano ferrites and to study their emerging properties of magnetically active ferrites, which constitute oxides of iron (different conformers most demanding γ-FeO) and transition metal complexes of bivalent metal oxides like cobalt (Co(II)) and magnesium (Mg(II)). Fe ions occupy tetrahedral sites; the rest of Fe and the Co ions occupy octahedral sites. For the synthesis, a self-propagating method of combustion at lower temperature was used.

Anticancer potential of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles using Lantana camara leaf extract.

A Lantana camara leaf (LC) extract was used as a mild reducing agent to produce silver metal nanoparticles (LC-AgNPs) efficiently. The size, shape, and morphology of synthesized silver nanoparticles were verified. LC-AgNPs were found in LC extract by XRD.

Adsorptive removal of organic pollutants from milk-processing industry effluents through chitosan-titanium dioxide nanoadsorbent-coated sand.

Milk-processing industry effluent (MPIE) poses severe problems for aquatic and environmental systems, especially in the South Asian region. Therefore, its treatment is of great interest. This study deals with the investigation of chitosan titanium dioxide nanoadsorbent (CTiO) coated onto sand particles via calcination that are used to remove the emerging pollutants.

Assessment of Destructive and Nondestructive Analysis for GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete and Its Statistical Analysis.

Geopolymer is the alternative to current construction material trends. In this paper, an attempt is made to produce a sustainable construction composite material using geopolymer. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based geopolymer concrete was prepared and tested for different alkaline to binder ratios (A/B).

Optimization of Alkaline Activator on the Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concrete.

This study investigates the effects of red mud on the performance of geopolymer concrete in regard to fresh and mechanical properties. Red mud was used as a binder, and GGBS replaced the binder. Different proportions of red mud ranging from 0 to 30% with an interval of 2% and activator agents such as KOH and KSiO for various alkaline-to-binder ratios such as 0.

Review on the Relationship between Nano Modifications of Geopolymer Concrete and Their Structural Characteristics.

The main objective of this review is to study some important nanomaterials and their impact on the performance of geopolymer concrete. This paper is an investigation into trends and technology in the development of different nanomaterials to develop higher structural performance geopolymer concrete. The effect of the alkaline to binder and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio on the performances of geopolymer performances is studied.

Evaluation of the Effect of Granite Waste Powder by Varying the Molarity of Activator on the Mechanical Properties of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete.

Industrial waste such as Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Granite Waste Powder (GWP) is available in huge quantities in several states of India. These ingredients have no recognized application and are usually shed in landfills. This process and these materials are sources of severe environmental pollution.

Tetrazene-Characterization of Its Polymorphs.

The reinvestigation of tetrazene single crystalline material by means of X-ray methods resulted in a slightly different structure when compared to previously published data. Reaction conditions responsible for different crystalline modification formation were investigated. Newly described C form was found to be the primary reaction product and the combined action of temperature and the presence of water over time is required for the transition to the A form.

Determination of Triacetone Triperoxide and Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine in Various Matrices Using Infrared Spectroscopy.

The method for quantitative analysis of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) in different matrices is presented. The method is suitable for polymer, plastic, or cellulose matrices. It is based on dissolving, or extraction of, peroxide in the solvent and measurement in cuvettes using the Fourier transform infrared technique.

The effect of glycidyl azide polymer on the stability and explosive properties of different interesting nitramines.

Preparation of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and its influence on the stability and explosive properties of polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) based on several cyclic nitramines, namely β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β-HMX), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-CL-20) and -1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5-]imidazole (BCHMX) are discussed. Impact and friction sensitivity were determined. Combustion heat and detonation velocity of the studied samples were measured.

Analytical Characterization of Erythritol Tetranitrate, an Improvised Explosive.

Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN), an ester of nitric acid and erythritol, is a solid crystalline explosive with high explosive performance. Although it has never been used in any industrial or military application, it has become one of the most prepared and misused improvise explosives. In this study, several analytical techniques were explored to facilitate analysis in forensic laboratories.

The mechanisms for desensitization effect of synthetic polymers on BCHMX: Physical models and decomposition pathways.

The project involves determination of the activation energies and physical models for thermolysis of BCHMX and its PBXs. The initial decomposition pathways were also proposed on the basis of molecular dynamic simulation. The goal is to find the mutual relationships among the physical models, decomposition pathways, and the impact sensitivities for BCHMX and its PBXs.

Multi-stage decomposition of 5-aminotetrazole derivatives: kinetics and reaction channels for the rate-limiting steps.

The thermal behavior, decomposition kinetics and mechanisms of 1-amino-1-(tetrazol-5-yldiazenyl) guanidine (tetrazene) and 2-(tetrazol-5-yldiazenyl) guanidine (MTX-1) have been investigated using DSC, TG techniques, and quantum chemical calculations. It has been found that MTX-1 is much more stable than tetrazene and MTX-1, and both of them decompose in three steps with different kinetic parameters. Tetrazene is melted-dehydrated at 128.

The unimolecular chemistry of protonated and deprotonated 2,2-dinitroethene-1,1-diamine (FOX-7) studied by tandem mass spectrometry and computational chemistry.

2,2-Dinitroethene-1,1-diamine (FOX-7) was studied by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) and chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion mode. Detailed mechanisms of unimolecular fragmentations of protonated and deprotonated FOX-7 were investigated using high- and low- energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry, neutral fragment reionization mass spectrometry and quantum chemistry calculations. In deprotonated FOX-7, elimination of the carbodiimide molecule was identified as the energetically most favored fragmentation channel, closely resembling the base hydrolysis of FOX-7.

The effect of polymer matrices on the thermal hazard properties of RDX-based PBXs by using model-free and combined kinetic analysis.

In this paper, the decomposition reaction models and thermal hazard properties of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and its PBXs bonded by Formex P1, Semtex 1A, C4, Viton A and Fluorel polymer matrices have been investigated based on isoconversional and combined kinetic analysis methods. The established kinetic triplets are used to predict the constant decomposition rate temperature profiles, the critical radius for thermal explosion and isothermal behavior at a temperature of 82°C. It has been found that the effect of the polymer matrices on the decomposition mechanism of RDX is significant resulting in very different reaction models.

Study of TATP: method for determination of residual acids in TATP.

Triacetone triperoxide (3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexoxonane, TATP) is nowadays one of the most commonly used improvised explosives. It is prepared by the action of hydrogen peroxide on acetone in an acidic environment. Easily available mineral acids - hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric and perchloric - are the most often recommended on the extremist web pages dealing with improvised production of explosives.

Sensitivity to friction for primary explosives.

The sensitivity to friction for a selection of primary explosives has been studied using a small BAM friction apparatus. The probit analysis was used for the construction of a sensitivity curve for each primary explosive tested. Two groups of primary explosives were chosen for measurement (a) the most commonly used industrially produced primary explosives (e.

Synthesis and properties of acetamidinium salts.

Background: Acetamidines are starting materials for synthesizing many chemical substances, such as imidazoles, pyrimidines and triazines, which are further used for biochemically active compounds as well as energetic materials. The aim of this study was to synthesise and characterise a range of acetamidinium salts in order to overcome the inconvenience connected with acetamidinium chloride, which is the only commercially available acetamidinium salt.

Results: Acetamidinium salts were synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, NMR and - in the case of energetic salts - DTA.